2013年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题843综合英语（二）.doc

1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2013 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 843 考试科目名称： 综合英语（二） 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。IFill in the blanks with proper words given below and write the correct ones on your answer sheet: 10 %A) remain B) romantic C) unhappy D) differently E) raising F) practical G) a

2、dults H) decline I) independence J) uniquelyK) later L) increase M) transformed N) adapted O) unmarried It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for 1 reasons; but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain 2 from their parents, t

3、o have provider, or to be assured of a place in society. A couple of generations ago, an old maid of 25 did not have much to look forward to, she was more or less fated to 3 with her parents or to live in some relatives home where she would help with the chores and the children. Not so any more. In

4、the first place, women remain young much longer than they used to, and an 4 woman of 28 or 30 does not feel that her life is over. Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only when and if she chooses. As a consequence, todays women tend to marry 5 in life.

5、 They have fewer children- or none at all- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is a 6 in the birthrate.The new role that women have developed for themselves has 7 family life. Children are raised 8 ; they spend more time with 9 who are not their parents; babysitters,

6、day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question. Experts have expressed quite different opinions. However, no matter what they are, one thing about child 10 to be certain of is that the longer the child is with the mother, the

7、better.IIRead the following passages. Answer the questions on each by choosing A, B, C or D, and write the correct ones on your answer sheet. 20%Passage One：ON SOCIETYLow self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes

8、 to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. It is difficult to maintain belief

9、 in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem, write Roy Barmeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.The conversational view is that people without self-esteem try

10、 to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized cri

11、me. The study concludes: Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase ones proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be couterproductive and even dangerous.The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing

12、 considerable harm.As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility, the researchers write.In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the self-promoting establishment is st

13、arting to crumble. What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control, he said.In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-es

14、teem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Lets hope it is indeed crumbling.1. The research

15、er finds that there are stronger connections between _A. low self-esteem and violence.B. low self-control and violence.C. high self-image and violence.D. high self-control and violence. 2. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT _A. self-esteem should be promoted and enco

16、uraged.B. schools should change their concept of self-esteem.C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground.D. prisons should change their present practice. Passage TwoBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification into something as bygone as aristocracy and commons, t

17、hey do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we are in relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at

18、first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being aware that racksy means dilapidated, or hairy out first ball. The miner takes a certain pride in being one up on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a lift or who

19、thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their underpants when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The insider is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the outsider.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, the

20、re are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation

21、 to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have position and status, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o

22、f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other en

23、d of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads,

24、and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we can lump it. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent the speech of both these extreme parties with -in for ing. On the one hand, Were goin huntin, my dear sir; on the other, Were goin racin, mate

25、.In between, according to this view we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to surpass what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciat

26、ion, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the anxious does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the o

27、pen or veiled contempt of the assured on one side of them and of the indifferent on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic highheels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any soc

28、iety: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on going places and doing things. The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called this shabby obsession with variant forms of English - especially if the net result is (as so of

29、ten) merely to sound affected and ridiculous. Here, according to Bacon, is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter.It seems to me that Pygmalions frenzy is a good emblem. of this vanity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and inve

30、ntion, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.3. The attitude held by the assured towards language is _.A. criticalB. anxiousC. self consciousD. nonchalant 4. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group becauseA. they feel they are socially looked down uponB. they suffer f

31、rom internal anxiety and external attackC. they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD. they are unable to meet standards of correctness 5. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate what they believe is good English areA. worthwhileB. meaninglessC. praiseworthyD. irrati

32、onalPassage Three Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general sm

33、all-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. You are supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lif

34、es inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars - Danes love seminar: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and

35、 despite all the English that Danish absorbs - there is no Danish Academy to defend against it - old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the swe

36、et egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new - and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless pl

37、anners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers - a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-f

38、ree society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Dan

39、ish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes don

40、t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light-people - that is how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orde

41、rliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly dis

42、ciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaport, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell y

43、ou so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow u

44、p with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what you have entitled to, you are as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the or

45、derliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.6. The author thinks Danes adopt a _ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious 7. Which of the following is Not a Danish characteris

46、tic cited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning. 8. The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is _.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful 9. According to the passage, Dan

47、ish orderliness _.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spare Danes social troubles besetting other peoplesC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles 10. At the end of the passage the author states all the following Except that _.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemployment III. Reading and writing: 35%Read the following passage and choose the best answer f