2020年河南中考英语复习课件专题四　介词和介词短语.pptx

1、A组 20152019年河南中考题组,1.(2019河南,24)Shall I help you the street, Grandpa? No, thanks. I can manage it myself. A.on B.with C.across D.along,答案 C 句意:需要我帮助您穿过街道吗,爷爷?不用,谢谢,我自己可以。本题考查介词辨析。A. 在上;B.伴随,和;C.横穿;D.沿着。根据语境可知,此处是主动向过马路的爷爷提出帮助。故选C项。,2.(2018河南,25)I stopped the night in a small village while I was on h

2、oliday in the Himalayas a few years ago. A.at B.for C.until D.through,答案 B 句意:几年前当我在喜马拉雅山脉度假的时候,我在一个小村庄停下来过夜。本题考查介词。A. 在;B.为了;C.直到;D.穿过。stop意为“逗留,停留”,for the night表示“过夜”。故选B项。,3.(2017河南,27)Father brought his little boy to a concert. But he was too young to sit the whole concert. A.for B.with C.durin

3、g D.through,答案 D 句意:父亲带着他的小儿子去音乐会,但是他太小了,不能坐着直到整场音乐会结束。本题考查 介词的用法。贯穿整场音乐会用介词through。,4.(2016河南,26)Its so cold outside. Remember to close the door you when you leave. A.beside B.before C.with D.behind,答案 D 句意:外面太冷了。你离开的时候,记得关上你身后的门。本题考查介词辨析。beside 在旁 边;before在之前;with和,带有;behind在后面。根据句意可知选D项。,知识拓展 clo

4、se/shut the door behind you关上你身后的门。,5.(2015河南,28)Wild animals are our friends.We shouldnt kill them food or clothing. A.in B.with C.about D.for,答案 D 句意:野生动物是我们的朋友。我们不应该为了食物或衣服而猎杀它们。本题考查介词的用 法。for在此处意为“为了”,kill.for为了而猎杀。,B组 20152019年全国中考题组,考点一 介词,1.(2019北京,2)We planted some flowers the garden yesterd

5、ay. A.on B.to C.in D.of,答案 C 句意:我们昨天在花园里种了一些花。此题考查介词的用法。在花园里种花,要用介词in。on表 示“在上面”;to表示“朝,向,到,位于方向”;of表示“的一部分”。因此选C。,2.(2019安徽,38)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel the window. A.by B.for C.with D.from,答案 A 句意:在晴朗的日子,我的祖母经常在窗边读小说。本题考查介词的用法。A选项意思为“在旁 边”;B选项意思为“为了”;C选项意思为“和,有,用”;D选项意思为“从”。故选A

6、。,3.(2019江苏南京,3)Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published 1953. A.on B.in C.at D.for,答案 B 句意:新华字典,或者新中文字典,是在1953年第一次发行的。本题考查介词的用法。 on后跟日期或星期几;in后跟月份、年份或季节;at后跟钟点或中午、午夜;for后面跟时间段。此处的1953 表示年份,故选B项。,4.(2019云南昆明,21)The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Brid

7、ge, opened October 24,2018. A.in B.at C.by D.on,答案 D 句意:港珠澳大桥,世界上最长的跨海大桥,于2018年10月24日开放。本题考查介词。on主要用 于日期、星期、具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上或节日前,题中表达具体的日期,故选D。,知识拓展 in用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前,例如in 2019(在2019年),in spring(在 春天),in the morning(在早上);at用于具体的时刻前,例如at seven(在7点);“by+时间点”表示“到为 止”。,5.(2019广东,33)I think tea wi

8、ll taste better some milk in it. A.for B.with C.from D.at,答案 B 句意:我认为茶里加些牛奶会更好喝。本题考查介词的基本用法。设空处with在此处意为“有, 带有”,故本题选B。,知识拓展 with的常见意思有: (1)用(后面常加工具):write with pencils用铅笔写 (2)和一起 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈等):Now I live in China with my parents.我现在和我父母住在中 国。 跟go,come 连用,有“加入”到某方的意思:Would you like to come with

9、 us?你愿意和我们一起来吗?/你愿 意加入我们吗? (3)具有,带有:a chair with three legs一把三条腿的椅子;a club with five members一个有五个成员的俱乐部。 (4)表伴随:She came into the classroom with a smile on her face.她面带微笑走进教室。 (5)对来说,关于:Dont be angry with her.别生她的气。,6.(2019湖北武汉,32)He wrote his phone number a piece of paper. A.on B.for C.in D.from,答案

10、 A 句意:他把他的电话号码写在了一张纸上。本题考查介词的用法。A:在上面;B:为了;C:在 里;D:从来。“写在纸上”应用介词on,故本题选择A。,知识拓展 本题属于简单的题目,类似的题目有He needs a piece of paper to write on. He doesnt have a pen to write with.同样是考查介词的用法,但是这两个例句中的介词用在了动词不定式里,增加了难度,考生可以 作为备考资料复习。,7.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,8)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavi

11、ly the win- dows. A.against B.across C.above D.below,答案 A 句意:当雨开始重重击打窗户的时候,Ben正在帮助他的妈妈。本题考查介词词义辨析。against 碰,撞;across穿过;above在上面;below在下面。根据句意应选A项。,8.(2018北京,2)Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift you. A.for B.in C.with D.from,答案 A 句意:生日快乐,Peter!这是给你的礼物。此题考查介词的用法。根据句意可知此处应该选择for, for表示送礼物的对象。,知识拓展 for

12、可以作介词和连词,作介词时的用法很丰富:(1)因为,由于:for this reason;(2)表示时间、距离: for three days;(3)表示目的:What do you come here for?(4)表示开往、前往:We set off for London.,9.(2018上海,29)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup July. A.on B.in C.at D.of,答案 B 句意:Karen和Lily将在七月去俄罗斯看2018年世界杯。本题考查介词。on用在具体某一天前;in 用在年

13、份或月份前;at在(某时间或时刻);of的。空后为July(七月),应用in,故选B。,10.(2018重庆,22)I always play basketball to relax myself Saturdays. A.on B.in C.at D.by,答案 A 句意:在周六,我总是打篮球来放松自己。本题考查介词的用法。表示在具体某一天前用on,如: on June 1st, 2018。故选A。,知识拓展 “in+一段时间”可用于将来时态。,11.(2018广东,33)How soon will we get the offer from a new high school? about

14、 two months. A.In B.For C.Among D.During,答案 A 句意:过多久我们才会收到新高中的录取通知书?大概两个月后吧。本题考查介词的 用法。how soon对从现在开始到将来某动作结束或发生的这段时间提问,常用在将来时态中,回答用“in+ 一段时间”,故答案为A项。,思路分析 一般情况下,在实际交际中答话人会省略在对方问题中已知或相同的内容,因此解答此类题目 可把答语部分省略掉的内容先补充完整(即We will get the offer from a new high school about two months.)再进行选择。,12.(2018云南,22

15、)Mothers Day comes the second Sunday of May. A.in B.on C.at D.for,答案 B 句意:母亲节在五月份的第二个星期日来临。本题考查介词。in 在里;当事物被视作一点, 不强调其空间,常用介词at;for常与一段时间连用;指在具体的某一天,前面的介词用on。故选B项。,13.(2017北京,22)More and more young people go skating winter. A.at B.in C.on D.to,答案 B 句意:越来越多的年轻人在冬天去滑冰。本题考查介词的用法。at 后接具体钟点;in常与年、季 节、月份连

16、用;on后接具体日子以及具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上;to常表示差多长时间。本题设空处后 为winter,故选B。,14.(2017重庆,29) May 5th, 2017, the C919 took off successfully for the first time at Shanghai Pudong In- ternational Airport. A.On B.In C.At D.Of,答案 A 句意:2017年5月5日C919在上海浦东国际机场第一次成功起飞。本题考查介词的用法。具体某 一天前面用介词on,故选A项。,15.(2017河北,27)Just walk down t

17、his road and youll see the museum your right. A.on B.in C.at D.by,答案 A 句意:沿着这条路一直走,你会看到博物馆在你的右边。本题考查介词的用法。on your right意 为“在你的右边”,故本题选择A。,16.(2017上海,29)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City the airport. A.at B.under C.on D.with,答案 A 句意:雪莉仍然在飞机场等待她的飞往纽约市的航班。本题考查介词的用法。at the airport

18、意为 “在飞机场”,故本题选择A。,17.(2017安徽,38)To my pleasure, my family is always me whatever I decide to do. A.above B.behind C.from D.through,答案 B 句意:使我高兴的是,无论我决定做什么,我的家人总是支持我。本题考查介词的用法。be be- hind sb.支持某人。above在上;from从;through通过。故选B项。,18.(2016北京,22)Pauls mother is a nurse. She works a hospital. A.with B.on C.o

19、f D.in,答案 D 句意:保罗的妈妈是个护士。她在医院工作。本题考查介词的用法。在医院里,应该用in,故 选D。,19.(2016天津,23)You can buy almost everything the Internet, and its very easy. A.into B.for C.at D.on,答案 D 本题考查介词的用法。通过电视、收音机、网络等方式用on。故选D项。,20.(2016重庆,22)Our reading club shares ideas with each other one hour every Tuesday. A.to B.on C.at D.f

20、or,答案 D 句意:我们的阅读俱乐部每周二花一个小时分享彼此的想法。本题考查介词辨析。表示一段时 间用介词for。故选D。,21.(2016宁夏,33)Have you got the answer the question? Not yet. A.on B.with C.about D.to,答案 D 句意:你得到这个问题的答案了吗?还没有。本题考查介词。the answer to the question 问题的答案,固定搭配。故选D。,22.(2015北京,22)We usually have the first class 8:00 in the morning. A.of B.in

21、 C.on D.at,答案 D 句意:我们通常在早上八点上第一节课。本题考查介词。表示“在(某个时间点或时刻)”用介 词at,故选D项。,23.(2015江苏镇江,3)Ma Yun,the Chairperson of Alibaba Group,has made much money the Internet. A.through B.along C.across D.towards,答案 A 句意:阿里巴巴集团总裁马云已经通过网络挣了许多钱。考查介词。through通过,常指通过某 种途径、手段;along沿着;across穿过;towards朝,向。根据句意可知选A。,考点二 介词短语,

22、1.(2019河北,28)This story is simple English. My little sister can read it. A.for B.in C.with D.by,答案 B 句意:这个故事是用简单的英文写的,我的妹妹能读懂它。本题考查介词短语。固定短语in Eng- lish意为“用英语”,故本题选择B。,2.(2019山东青岛,4)The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours. A.from B.amo

23、ng C.in D.between,答案 D 句意: 青岛和北京之间的高速列车现在开得更快了。火车旅程只需要大约三个小时。本题考查 介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“青岛和北京之间的高速列车”,between.and.为固定搭配,故选D。,易错警示 from意为“从”,有些考生可能会选A,但表示“从某地到某地”用from.to.,不用and,故审 题要仔细。,3.(2019云南,24)My mother often says,“Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud who you are.” A.of B.with C.at D.in,答案 A 句意

24、:我的妈妈经常说:“要如向日葵般高高站立,为自己感到骄傲。”本题考查介词的用法。 be proud of是固定短语,意为“为感到骄傲”。结合语境及关键词Stand tall和who you are可知,此处表 示“为自己感到骄傲”。,4.(2019浙江温州,7)The instructions tell us everything about how to make the model ship. A.by hand B.by chance C.in detail D.in person,答案 C 句意:这份说明书向我们详细地讲了制作模型船的一切方法。本题考查介词短语。A选项意为 “手工”;B

25、选项意为“偶然”;C选项意为“详细地”;D选项意为“亲自”。由句意可知本题选择C。,5.(2018福建,27)Blue whales are . We should try to protect them. A.in time B.in public C.in danger,答案 C 句意:蓝鲸处于危险中。我们应当努力保护它们。本题考查介词短语辨析。in time“及时”,in public“在公共场合”,in danger“处于危险之中”。由句意可知,应选C。,6.(2018山西,27)In China, we are using the FAST to find stars . Now m

26、ore and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜) in the world. A.in person B.in public C.in space,答案 C 句意:在中国,我们使用 500米口径球面射电望远镜来寻找太空中的星星。现在越来越多的人想 要了解世界上最大的射电望远镜。本题考查介词短语。A选项意为“亲自,亲身”;B选项意为“公开地”; C选项意为“在太空”。由“find stars”和句意可知本题选择C。,7.(2018山西,28)Except for working hard, we sho

27、uld give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep. , health always comes first. A.For example B.After all C.So far,答案 B 句意:除了努力工作外,我们应该对适当的运动和足够的睡眠给予更多的关注。毕竟健康总是首 要的。本题考查介词短语。A选项意为“例如”;B选项意为“毕竟,终归”;C选项意为“到目前为止”。 由句意可知本题选择B。,8.(2017山西,26)When youre invited to have dinner at home by an Ameri

28、can friend, you should be or a little later. Its different from our Chinese custom. A.on time B.on business C.on show,答案 A 句意:当你被一位美国朋友邀请在家里吃饭的时候,你应该按时到或者稍晚一些到。它不同于我 们中国的习俗。本题考查介词短语的用法。根据语境可知,应邀要守时,故选A项。on business出差;on show展览。,9.(2017贵州贵阳,36)Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech . A.in

29、 public B.in total C.in common,答案 A 句意:格雷斯经常在她发表公开讲话前变得紧张。本题考查介词短语辨析。in public 公开地,符 合句意,故选A项。in total 总共;in common共有。,10.(2016山西,22)Pandas are much-loved around the world. Unluckily, there arent many pandas left and theyre now. So we must save them. A.in order B.in danger C.in need,答案 B 句意:熊猫在全世界深受

30、喜爱。不幸的是,没有剩下多少只熊猫而且它们现在濒临灭绝。因此我 们必须拯救它们。本题考查介词短语。in order 妥当,准备好;in danger处于危险之中;in need在危难中。根 据句意可知答案为B项。,11.(2016山西,24)How was your life in England? Quite different from here. , people there drink tea with milk. A.In my opinion B.To my surprise C.At the beginning,答案 B 句意:你在英格兰的生活怎么样?和这儿相当不同。令我吃惊的是

31、,那儿的人们喝茶时 加奶。本题考查介词短语。in my opinion依我看;to my surprise令我吃惊的是;at the beginning起初。根据句 意可知答案为B项。,12.(2015广东,32)Could you please give me a hand?I cant complete the task on time your help. A.without B.under C.with D.for,答案 A 句意:请你帮助我一下可以吗?没有你的帮助我不能按时完成任务。根据句意可知答案为A项。 without ones help没有某人的帮助。,C组 教师专用题组,考点

32、一 介词,1.(2018上海,33)Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud him. A.on B.to C.in D.of,答案 D 句意:Frank是一个独立的男孩。他的父母因他而感到骄傲。本题考查介词。be proud of为 而感到骄傲。,2.(2018山东潍坊,22)Students here often do physics experiments small groups. A.by B.in C.for D.at,答案 B 句意:这里的学生经常以小组的形式做物理实验。本题考查介词。in small groups为固定

33、搭配, 意为“以小组的形式”。介词in可以表示“用,以(材料、手段、方法等)”,故选B。,解题关键 设空处所在的分句的时态是一般将来时,“两小时后”在一般将来时态中为in two hours。因此 选择A项。,3.(2018浙江温州,7)Ive ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive two hours. A.in B.after C.over D.for,答案 A 句意:我已经给奶奶订了一些鲜花了,花在两小时后会到。本题考查介词辨析。in在里;after 在后;over在上面;for为,给。,4.(2018江苏南京,2)Ne

34、il Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 20 July 1969. A.in B.on C.at D.for,答案 B 句意:1969年7月20日,尼尔阿姆斯特朗成了第一个在月球上行走的人。本题考查介词。具体某 一天前用介词on,故选B项。,5.(2018山东青岛,5)More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now. A.with B.on C.in D.by,答案 D 句意:现在在青岛越来越多的人乘地铁去上班。本题考查介词。“by+交通工具”意为“乘 交通工具”。,知识拓

35、展 by subway乘地铁;by bus乘公交车;by car乘汽车;by plane乘飞机;by train乘火车。,6.(2018江苏苏州,1)Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran off all directions. A.on B.at C.in D.by,答案 C 句意:被那声巨响惊吓到,兔子们四处逃窜。本题考查介词的用法。in all directions向四面八方, 为固定搭配。故选C项。,7.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,22)Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat race

36、s 9:00 a.m. the morning of June 18. A.at;in B.at;on C.on;in D.on;on,答案 B 句意:多数村民在6月18日早上九点参加了龙舟比赛。本题考查介词用法。具体时刻前用介词 at,在具体某天的早上,用on,故选B。,8.(2018安徽,36)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three. A.of B.in C.against D.from,答案 C 句意:我们班非常确定可以赢得与三班之间的篮球赛。本题考查介词的词义辨析。of的;in 在里面;against

37、和比赛;from从。,知识拓展 against还可表示“反对,靠”。be against 反对;against the wall靠墙。,9.(2018内蒙古包头,22)Are you watching the football matches of the World Cup these days? Sometimes, and Ill watch the match Japan and Poland tonight. A.against B.about C.through D.between,答案 D 句意:这些天你在看世界杯的足球比赛吗?有时看,我今天晚上要看日本和波兰之间的 比赛。 be

38、tween 在之间,符合句意。against 与比赛,一般用于比赛双方之间;about关于;through通 过。,易错警示 本题容易错选A。如果只看到日本和波兰而没有考虑语境,可能误选A项。,10.(2017湖北黄冈,29)I havent finished the book report of Journey to the West. Its so difficult. You should hurry up. The report is due three days. A.in B.for C.on D.at,答案 A 句意:我还没有完成西游记的读书报告。它太难了。你应该快点。这个报告三

39、天 后必须交。本题考查介词的用法。根据句意可知这份读书报告三天后就必须上交,in three days意为“三 天后”,故本题选择A。,11.(2017辽宁沈阳,3) 2000, this company has seen much new development. It has become one of the biggest companies in the country. A.For B.In C.By D.Since,答案 D 句意:自2000年以来,这家公司有了许多新的发展。它现在已成为这个国家最大的公司之一。本 题考查介词的用法。for+时间段,多用于现在完成时;in+时间段,

40、用于一般过去时或一般将来时;by+时间点, 用于过去完成时;since+时间点,用于现在完成时。根据句意和题干时态可知,本题答案为D。,12.(2016河北,28)Class, lets see who can spell the most words these letters. A.at B.into C.on D.with,答案 D 句意:同学们,咱们看看谁能用这些字母拼出最多的单词。本题考查介词辨析。at 在(某处),以 (某种价格、速度等);into到里面;on在上;with用。根据句意可知答案为D项。,13.(2016江苏无锡,7)Although he was my opinio

41、n, the old professor didnt come up with his own. A.against B.on C.for D.in,答案 A 句意:虽然这位老教授不同意我的观点,但是他没有提出自己的观点。考查介词词义辨析。a- gainst 反对,符合句意,故选A项。on 在上,for为了,in在里,不符合句意。,14.(2016山东青岛,6)Tim is going to give his father a surprise Fathers Day. A.in B.at C.on D.by,答案 C 句意:Tim打算在父亲节那天给他爸爸一个惊喜。本题考查介词。在具体某一天前

42、用介词on,故 答案为C项。,15.(2016内蒙古呼和浩特,9)Im looking after Tom today. Hes been in my house 8:00 this morning. A.at B.since C.for D.till,答案 B 句意:我今天照顾Tom,他从早上8:00就一直在我家。本题考查介词用法。at表示“在点 钟”;since表示“自从”,多用于现在完成时;for通常接时间段;till表示“直到时候”,根据句意和 时态判断用since。,16.(2016四川南充,25)Fish cant live water. A.with B.in C.without

43、 D.of,答案 C 句意:如果没有水,鱼就无法存活。本题考查介词的用法。根据句意可知选择C项。,17.(2016辽宁沈阳,10)The group had to wait after 12 to check in at the hotel. A.from B.until C.for D.at,答案 B 句意:这组人不得不等到12点以后才登记入住宾馆。本题考查介词的用法。from从开始; until直到为止;for为了;at在。根据“等到”可知使用until最合适。,18.(2016江苏南京,3)Yingqi Bird Nest Library, the smallest library in

44、 the world, was opened to the public in Nanjings Huashu Village the World Reading Day this year. A.on B.in C.at D.as,答案 A 句意:嘤栖鸟巢图书馆,世界上最小的图书馆,在今年的世界读书日在南京桦墅村向公众开放。 本题考查介词的用法。表示“在具体的某一天”用on。故选A项。,19.(2016陕西,24)Its a good idea to send the old books the children who need them. A.at B.of C.to D.by,答案 C

45、 句意:把这些旧书寄给需要它们的孩子们是个好主意。send sth. to sb.寄某物给某人。故答案为 C项。,20.(2016湖北襄阳,26)Who is Dave looking ? His mother. Shes been in hospital for a few days. A.for B.after C.at D.up,答案 B 句意:Dave正在照顾谁?他的母亲。她住院已经有一些日子了。look after sb.照顾某 人。,21.(2015陕西,22)Before you go to Canada,you need to learn more it. A.from B.i

46、n C.by D.about,答案 D 句意:你去加拿大之前,需要多了解它。本题考查介词短语。根据句意可知答案为D项。learn about了解。,20.(2016湖北襄阳,26)Who is Dave looking ? His mother. Shes been in hospital for a few days. A.for B.after C.at D.up,答案 B 句意:Dave正在照顾谁?他的母亲。她住院已经有一些日子了。look after sb.照顾某 人。,21.(2015陕西,22)Before you go to Canada,you need to learn mo

47、re it. A.from B.in C.by D.about,答案 D 句意:你去加拿大之前,需要多了解它。本题考查介词短语。根据句意可知答案为D项。learn about了解。,22.(2015江苏连云港,13)It is great us to get so many favourite books on International Childrens Book Day. A.to B.with C.of D.for,答案 D 句意:对我们来说,在国际儿童图书日得到如此多喜爱的书真是太好了。本题考查介词的用法。 Its+形容词+for sb.to do sth.对于某人来说做某事。,23

48、.(2015江苏连云港,2)When is your birthday? I was born December 17.This year Ill hold a birthday party for it at home. A.on B.at C.in D.by,答案 A 句意:你的生日是什么时候?我出生在12月17日。今年我将在家举办一个生日聚会。 本题考查介词的用法。具体某一天前用介词on,故选A项。,24.(2015安徽,33)The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come four days. A.after B.for C.during D.in,答案 D 句意:再过四天今年的端午节就要到了。本题考查介词辨析。in在之后,与一般将来时连用, 由题干中的will come可知答案为D项。,25.(2015浙江杭州,24)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat he