2020年广东中考英语复习课件2-专题十八　阅读理解.pptx

1、Passage 1(2019广东,A) Bullying(欺凌)can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help.,A组 20152019年广东中考题组,What is bullying? Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again. Bullying can happen at sc

2、hool, out of school and online. Bullying includes: calling people mean(恶意的)names laughing at people,telling lies about people taking someones things without permission(允许) not letting someone play in a group hitting people,What is cyberbullying? Cyberbullying includes: sending bad messages online sh

3、aring photos online without permission,not letting someone be part of an online group spreading lies online,What can you do? If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.,If you get bad messages, dont reply. You should save them and

4、give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Dont share something before you make sure it is true. That will help stop the cyberbullying. Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend. Say sorry if you are not ki

5、nd to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember:,think about how to be kind in the future. For more information, visit our home page at www. . 1.According to the passage, the following are bullying EXCEPT . A.calling people mean names B.hitting people C.telling lies

6、 about people D.laughing with people 2.Cyberbullying means bullying . A.at school B.at home C.on the street D.on the Internet 3.When you get bad messages online, you should . A.share them with friends B.give them to your teacher,C.reply to them at once D.keep them as your secrets 4.If you are not ki

7、nd to someone, you should . A.say sorry to him B.talk about it in public C.ask your parents to say sorry D.feel sad and keep quiet 5.This passage is mainly written for . A.teachers B.parents C.children D.the police,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,内容是关于欺凌的。文章说明了欺凌的定义和欺凌发生的常见情况,还有 网络欺凌所包含的内容。文章最后告诉我们如何避免欺凌以及当欺凌发生的时候

8、,我们能做些什么。 1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段关于欺凌的定义和内容的描述,A、B和C选项均有提到,故选D。 2.D 细节理解题。根据文中关于网络欺凌内容的描述可知,网络欺凌是通过互联网进行的,故选D。 3.B 细节理解题。根据文章中的If you get bad messages, dont reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher.可知,收到不良信息,应该保存下来,交给老师、家人或警察,故选B。 4.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的Say sorry if you are not kind to someone.可

9、知,如果你对某人不友好,就要 说“对不起”,故选A。 5.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中A great many children around the world are bullied every year可知,全 世界范围内每天有很多孩子被欺凌,且文章里用的第二人称you指代的就是children, 故选C。 重点词汇 around the world 全世界 laugh at 嘲笑 tell lies撒谎 without permission 未经允许 make sure确保,Passage 2(2019广东,B) In our daily life, robots are ofte

10、n found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot?There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have. These charac- teristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will

11、 also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sen- sors(传感器):light sensors(eyes), touc

12、h sensors(hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue). Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it. Energy A rob

13、ot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight; some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your,robot needs to do. Intelligence A robot needs some kind of“smarts”. A programmer is the perso

14、n who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do. 1.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about . A.the toy B.the characteristic C.the machine D.the engine 2.The chemical sensors may help a robot to . A.see B.

15、catch C.hear D.smell 3.In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.,4.The Chinese meaning of“Intelligence”in the last paragraph is . A.能源 B.勤奋 C.智能 D.外观 5.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To help people understand what a robot is. B.To

16、 tell what a robot can do in our life. C.To describe the movement of a robot. D.To introduce the history of robots.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是机器人,以及机器人的主要特征。 1.C 细节理解题。it为代词,往往指代前文提到的名词。机器人首先应该是一个机器,当这台机器具备了 一些重要特征后,就会被认为是机器人。根据it前后的语境可知,it指代前面的a machine, 故选C。 2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的chemical sensors(nose

17、)可知选D。 3.B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段关于机器人特征之一Energy(能量)的描述,机器人为自己提供动力的方 式有3种:with sunlight, with electricity和with the battery, 故选B。 4.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第六段第一句可知,机器人需要某种“聪明”。这一句事实上是对 Intelli- gence 的阐释,故选C。 5.A 主旨大意题。本文第二段的第一句But what exactly is a robot?事实上是一个过渡句,起着承上启下的 作用,文章的主要目的就是向读者介绍什么是机器人以及机器人的主要特征,以便让人们对机器人有一个

18、全面的了解,故选A。,长难句 The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.机器人得有某 种接收程序的方式,以便知道它将要做什么。 本句是一个主从复合句。so that 引导目的状语从句,what引导的宾语从句作动词knows的宾语。,Passage 3(2019广东,C) 配对阅读。左栏是五位学生打算成立俱乐部时所遇到的问题,右栏是相应的建议,请为左栏的每位学生选 择一个合适的建议。,1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本篇属于信息

19、配对类阅读,内容是为打算成立俱乐部但遇到了问题的五位学生选择适合他们 的建议。 1.D 本题中的关键信息点a cooking club/how much it will cost和D选项中的As for the cost/She must know a lot about cooking.相对应,故选D。 2.F 本题中的关键信息点how to start an environmental club in school和F选项中的You can first give speech- es about protecting the environment at school.相对应,故选F。 3

20、.B 本题中的关键信息点a swimming club/whether his school can help to build a pool和B选项中的pools are expensive/get the swimmers to a nearby pool相对应,故选B。 4.A 本题中的关键信息点an English club/worries about the time and the place they can meet与A选项中的 Setting up an English club/then decide where and when to meet相对应,故选A。,5.C 本

21、题中的关键信息点a club about poetry/how to get people to join与C选项中的Reading poems can be very fun./first ask your classmates to join相对应,故选C。 重点词汇 care about关心 think of 考虑,想起 worry about 担心 set up建立 as for至于 even if即使,Passage 4(2019广东广州) 阅读短文及文后AE选项,选出可以填入15各题空白处的最佳选项。 Smoke alarms(报警器) House fires cause many

22、 deaths each year and a large number of these fires are unfortunately set by children. 1 Kids must understand that theyd better not play with fire. You should keep matches and lighters out of their reach. 2 The main job of such an alarm is to protect you while youre asleep. You should have a smoke a

23、larm out- side each bedroom and on each floor of your home. You ought to have two plans for getting out of your house if there is a fire and practise these plans in the dark with your family. A smoke alarm warns you of the danger. 3 Take action immediately. When you come to a closed door, check it w

24、ith the back of your hand. If it feels hot, there may be smoke or fire behind the door, so take care. Once you are out of your house, call the fire department from a neighbors house. If a family member or a pet is caught inside, you shouldnt go back in. Firemen know how to perform rescues safely.,4

25、Change the batteries at least once a year. You should use the test button each month to see if the alarm and batteries are still working. A smoke alarm lasts about ten years. You ought to change it even if it seems to be working. About two out of three fire deaths happen in homes with no working smo

26、ke alarms. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A.Most of these deaths can be avoided. B.But when you hear it, you dont have much time. C.A smoke alarm is only good if its working properly. D.So, its important to teach them that fire is a tool, not a toy. E.A smoke alarm greatly reduces your chances of being hurt in a

27、fire.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了烟雾报警器的作用及使用时的注意事项,并呼吁每家每户都 配备烟雾报警器。 1.D 空后面的句子 Kids must understand that theyd better not play with fire.与选项D中的not a toy相一致,故 选D。 2.E 空后面的句子The main job of such an alarm is to protect you while youre asleep.与选项E中的reduces your chances of being hurt相一致,故选E。 3.B 空后面的句子Take a

28、ction immediately.与选项B中的dont have much time相一致, 故选B。 4.C 空后面的句子Change the batteries at least once a year.和.to see if the alarm and batteries are still work- ing.与选项C中的if its working properly相一致,故选C。 5.A 空前面的句子About two out of three fire deaths happen in homes with no working smoke alarms.与选项 A 中的Mos

29、t of these deaths相一致,故选A。 重点词汇 a large number of 大量的;ought to 应该;take action采取行动;at least至少;even if即使,Passage 5(2019广东广州,A),An elephant and a crocodile were once standing beside a river. They were disputing which was the better animal. “Look at my strength,”said the elephant. “I can pull up a tree,

30、roots and all, with my trunk.” “Ah!But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine,”replied the crocodile. “No knife or tooth can cut through it.” Just as they were coming to blows, a lion happened to pass. “My dear friends!”said the King of all animals, going up to them.“Let me know the cause of your

31、disagree- ment.” “Will you kindly tell us which is the better animal?”cried both at once. “Certainly,”said the lion, pointing across the river.“Do you see the soldiers metal hat on that wall?” “Yes!”replied the beasts.,“Well, then,”continued the lion, “go and get it, and bring it to me, and I shall

32、be able then to decide between you.” Upon hearing this, off they started. The crocodile, being used to the water, reached the opposite side of the river first, and was soon standing beside the wall. Here he waited till the elephant came up. The elephant, seeing that the crocodile had no way of reach

33、ing their goal, raised his long trunk, and took down the hat quite easily. They then made their way together back again across the river. The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast- moving crocodile in the water and became careless. When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree b

34、ranch, the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom. The crocodile noticed the accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth. They then returned, and the crocodile laid the metal hat at the lions feet. The King took it up, and turning to the elephant, said:,“You, be

35、cause of your size and trunk, were able to reach the hat on the wall but, having lost it, you were unable to get it back. And you,”said the lion to the crocodile, “although unable to reach the hat, were able to dive for it and save it. You are both wise and able in your own ways. One is no better th

36、an the other.” 1.The underlined word “disputing” in Paragraph 1 means . A.playing B.quarrelling C.complaining D.deciding 2.What did the crocodile think was best about himself? A.His big mouth. B.His strong skin. C.His swimming skill. D.His dangerous teeth.,3.How did the lion deal with the animals di

37、sagreement? A.He ordered them to fight. B.He made a quick decision. C.He suggested a competition. D.He asked them to describe themselves. 4.What caused the elephant to drop the hat? A.The hat got wet in the river. B.He hit a floating tree branch. C.He was trying to swim too fast. D.He wanted to figh

38、t the crocodile. 5.How were the elephant and the crocodile able to complete their task? A.By working together. B.By planning carefully. C.By sharing their ideas. D.By listening to the lion.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,属于寓言故事类。文章讲述了大象和鳄鱼争论谁才是更厉害的动物,后来 狮子建议他们进行一次比赛,比赛后在狮子的点拨下,他们明白了一个道理:其实他们俩各有所长,不相上 下。他们之所以能完成这次

39、任务,完全是利用各自的优势,共同协作的结果。 1.B 词义猜测题。根据第二段和第三段的对话内容和画线词后面的句子which was the better animal可知, 大象和鳄鱼在争论谁是更厉害的动物,故选B。play玩耍; quarrel争吵; complain抱怨; decide决定。 2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “Ah! But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine. No knife or tooth can cut through it.”可知,鳄鱼认为自己最厉害的就是自己坚硬的皮肤,故选B。 3.C 细节理解题。根据文中“D

40、o you see the soldiers metal hat on that wall?.go and get it,and bring it to me,and I shall be able then to decide between you.”可知,狮子建议通过一个比赛来解决大象和鳄鱼的争论, 故选C。 4.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the water and became careless.和第三句When he was forc

41、ed to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree,branch, the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom.可知,大象为了追赶上在前方的鳄鱼,游得太 快,为了避开树枝,才不小心把帽子弄掉了,故选C。本题易误选B, 原文提到大象被迫急转弯避开漂浮的树 枝,但没有提及撞上树枝。 5.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,大象通过自己高大的身躯和长鼻子拿到了帽子,而鳄鱼因为深 谙水性而把帽子从河底捞了上来。所以,最终能完成比赛任务,是因为两者的共同合作,缺一不可,故选A。 长难句 T

42、he crocodile noticed the accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.鳄鱼注意到了这个 意外,于是他潜了下去,然后用巨大的嘴巴把它叼了上来。 此句中so连接前后表示因果关系的分句。其中down he dived中,副词提到了主语前。,Passage 6(2019广东广州,B) They say that “travel is the best teacher”and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty

43、 travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake(15871641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encour- aged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the countrys land and geography. Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in b

44、ooks about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xus father died and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required. But his mother had different ideas. Und

45、erstanding her sons love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work. So at the age of twenty and with his mothers suppor

46、t, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During,this time, he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and record- ing his experien

47、ces and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could re- search the environment in detail and get a true pi

48、cture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to- reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his jour- neys. Sadly Xu b

49、ecame seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.,1.What is the passage mainly about? A.The general details of Xu Xiakes life story. B.The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels. C.The import