2020年北京中考英语复习课件专题十一　阅读选择.pptx

1、A组 北京中考题组,题组一,Passage 1(2019北京,A) Experiencing China,1.Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital? A.Mike. B.Joanna. C.Bill. D.Cindy. 2.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China? A.Three months. B.Four months. C.Five months. D.Six months. 3.Cindy thinks her host sister is . A.a

2、 wonderful cook B.a responsible doctor C.a warm-hearted teacher D.a hardworking student,答案 语篇解读 本文以表格的形式讲述了四位来自不同国家的学生在中国接待家庭的经历。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的第四句话“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”可知选A。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的第一句话“I stayed with my host family for five months.”可知 选C。

3、3.D 细节理解题。根据第四个表格中的第三句话“My host sister is a really hardworking student.”可知选D。,长难句 It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. 看到她如何在英语方面取得进步令人惊讶。 本句为主从复合句。it为形式主语,真正的主语为to see how she made progress in English;how引导宾语从句, 作see的宾语。,重点词汇 warm-hearted adj.热心的;share v.分享;take part in参与;make pr

4、ogress取得进步,looked over her work, thinking. “Well, thats interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as youve designed.” Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally

5、 agreed. After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad.“Well,”she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.” “Oh, do you?”he said. “Please share.” “When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,”she said. “I think its because of the lightning bolt(闪电) shape.” “Very good!”Dad said. “So

6、, why didnt you tell me about that problem in the first place?”Sally asked.,Dad laughed.“Wheres the fun in that?If you give a man a fish, hell eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, hell eat for a lifetime.” Sally said,“I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!” Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes,

7、 learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.” That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride. Finally came the race. Sally wasnt worried about whe

8、ther she would winin her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.,1.Sally thought of building a go-kart to . A.practice driving B.enter for a race C.play with friends D.do some research 2.What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? A.To have a test

9、 drive. B.To take a good rest. C.To give it a cool name. D.To paint it light blue. 3.Sallys story mainly tells us that . A.winning a race is important B.fishing brings us a lot of fun C.driving experience is necessary D.learning happens during the process,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。文章讲述了主人公Sally与父亲之间关于制

10、作赛车的故事。 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知选B。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知答案为A。 3.D 主旨大意题。倒数第三段中的“Sometimes, learning happens during the process.”为本文的主旨句。 故选D。,重点词汇 design n.pride n.骄傲,自豪,Passage 3(20

11、19北京,C) Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesnt need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little. One basic law of psycholog

12、ical time is that time seems to slow down when were exposed(接触)to new envi- ronments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass. It follow

13、s, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situa- tions, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more

14、 familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up. How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions. Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experi-,ences as p

15、ossible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new infor- mation, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time. Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention

16、to an experienceto what we are see- ing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky

17、, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect. To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. Its possible for us to slow down time by expanding our

18、experience of time. 1.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by . A.going to bed on time B.traveling to new places,C.having dinner as usual D.printing the same materials 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.

19、 B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly. C.We can take in more information by living through our senses. D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us. 3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.Slow Down Time B.Only Time Will Tell C.

20、Race Against Time D.Time Will Not Come Twice,答案 语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来并提出了扩展时间体验的建 议。 1.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.可知,体验新鲜事物可以延长时间体验,故选B。 2.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Secondly, and pe

21、rhaps most effectively, we can give our whole at- tention to an experienceto what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. 可知,通过感官来感受身 边的事物可以接收到更多信息, 故选C。 3.A 主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句提出了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来,并在第五段和第六段提出 了如何扩展时间体验让时间慢下来的建议。故选A。,重点词汇 slow down 使慢下来;speed up 加速;rather than 而不是;to a certain

22、 degree在一定程度上,Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to m

23、ost human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter? Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily

24、correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers. Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were re- quired to get knowledge from

25、other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken beliefthe knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.,In a new civilization

26、 rich in machine intelligence,we have easy access to smart memory networks where informa- tion is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce

27、 terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age. We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere

28、 in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps theyre not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people. 1.Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases? A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring. B.Because

29、 we control the training process on them. C.Because we offer them too much information. D.Because they overuse the provided answers.,2.The ease of accessing information from the Internet . A.frees us from making efforts to learn new skills B.prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed C.m

30、isleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines 3.The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”. A.a sudden failure B.the basic rule C.a disappointing start D.the gradual development 4.What is the writers main purpose in w

31、riting this passage? A.To question about the standards of information storage. B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines. C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability. D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.,答案 语篇解读 本文为一篇议论文。随着网络的快速发展,学生还需要记忆

32、大量的知识吗?我们能依赖智能机 器去记忆吗? 1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and ob- jective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.可知选项B符合原文,故选B。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句This can l

33、ead to the mistaken beliefthe knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along. 可知选项C符合原文, 故选C。 3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词在句中为主语及句子的谓语和宾语(would produce terrible results)可知,会 产生不好的结果,选项A符合原文,故选A。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into

34、a dark age.可知,本文的主要目的是提醒人们依赖机器记忆的风险。故选D。,重点词汇 afford v.负担得起;能承担;no longer 不再;depend upon 依赖;取决于;at risk of 有的风险;as long as 只要,题组二,Passage 1(2018北京,A),1.When did Roger have his birthday party? A.Last Wednesday. B.Last Thursday. C.Last Friday. D.Last Saturday. 2.Who went on a school field trip last we

35、ek? A.Alan. B.Jessica. C.Sara. D.Richard. 3.Martin went to Atlanta to . A.speak at a conference B.organize a party C.perform in a competition D.visit a university,答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了4个孩子在过去的某个时间做的一些事情,内容简单易懂。 1.D 细节理解题。根据Roger说的第二句“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知答案。 2.B 细节理解题。根据Jessica说的第二句“My c

36、lass were on a school field trip last week.”可知答案。 3.C 细节理解题。由Martin说的第二句话“Last Thursday, my.went to Atlanta to perform.”可知答案。,长难句 He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years. 他在会议上讲到了过 去的几年他从事的慈善工作。 本句是主从复合句,主句主语是He,谓语动词是spoke,that he.是定语从句,用来修饰the charit

37、y work。,重点词汇 celebrate v.庆祝,庆贺;charity n.慈善,Passage 2(2018北京,B) A Beautiful Moment When I was in high school, I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and

38、 the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),“They re good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it. Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits

39、 because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw to- gether, I was sure she was blind.,Both of the kids continued to help the

40、ir mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out. Their smile and gen

41、tle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.,It was great to witness the mom

42、ent, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day. 1.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy . A.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toys 2.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt . A.

43、speak B.see C.smell D.hear 3.The writer was moved because . A.the mother was brave to face her problems B.the kids were polite and kind to each other C.the mother was careful in picking out things D.the kids were so willing to help their mother,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述一对小兄妹帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果的过程,让读者感受到 了他们之间

44、感人至深的亲情,体现了人间的真情。 1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”可知答案。 2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句中的“I was sure she was blind”可知答案。 3.D 细节理解题。第四段第二句“It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”中的will- ingly表示“心甘情愿地”,与D选项中的willing to help their mother 表达相同的意思,故选择D。,长

45、难句 .but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out.但后来我才注意 到当她挑选水果的时候,她不得不使劲摸并且闻一闻每个水果。 noticed后为宾语从句。从句中含有as引导的时间状语从句,表示“当时候”。,重点词汇 pick out精心挑选;regret v.后悔;witness v.见证,当场看到,词汇积累 continue v.继续;obviously adv.明显地,显而易见地,The study was performed among 253 schoolch

46、ildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the liv- ing places was recordedusing the information on the childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inat- tentiveness(注意力不集中

47、)were graded with computers. “This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain struc- ture,” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial

48、structural changes in the brain.” The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter vol- umes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in tho

49、se parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness. Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593,children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness. Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, cre