状语从句ppt.-共43页课件.ppt
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1、目录 状语从句定义状语从句定义 状语从句分类状语从句分类 状语从句翻译状语从句翻译 状语从句比较状语从句比较 其他从句概况其他从句概况状语从句的定义 状语从句由从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)引导。注意状语从句与主句之间的逻辑关系,选择正确的连词;有些连词能引导多种状语从句。状语从句同副词,介词词组等作状语一样,用于修饰谓语,说明谓语动作的时间,地点,方式,手段,条件,程度,比较,原因,目的,结果等 观看动画,你们会有更感性的认识 返回状语从句分类 表示时间表示时间 表示地点表示地点 表示原因表示原因 表示结果表示结果 表示目的表示目的 表示条件表示条件 表示让
2、步表示让步 表示比较表示比较返回状语从句表示时间 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有:after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as;另外有些词如:immediately,directly,instantly用于as soon as 意义时,有些名词词组如 the moment,the instant,the minute,the day,the year,every time,next time,each time 等也用来引导时间状语从句 E.G.The mother didnt go
3、 to bed until her little daughter returned home last night.昨晚母亲等到她的小女儿回家才睡觉。例题Ill explain it to you immediately Ive finished reading the letter.我读完信立刻给你解释。You see the lightning _it happens,but you hear the thunder later.A)the instant B)for an instant C)on the instant D)in an instant 闪电一发生,你立刻就能看到它,但
4、雷声,你迟一点才能听到它。(A对。)No sooner.than 和 hardly/scarcely/barely.when 也用来引导状语从句,意思是“一就”;如果将no sooner,hardly,scarcely,barely放在句首,就用倒装结构。例:I had hardly entered the temple when it began to rained.我刚踏进那座庙就开始下雨了。_when she started complaining.A)Not until he arrived B)No sooner had he arrived C)Hardly had he arri
5、ved D)Scarcely did he arrived(C对。)他一到,她就开始抱怨。No sooner had we reached the top of the hill_we all sat down to rest.A)when B)then C)than D)until我们一到山顶,大家都坐下来休息。(C对。)返回表示地点 二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的主要有:where,wherever及-where构成的复合词。EGWe received a warm welcome everywhere we arrived.我们每一个地方都受到热烈的欢迎。我们每一个
6、地方都受到热烈的欢迎。例题 Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,he succeeded_other more well-in formed experimenters failed.A)which B)that C)what D)where 虽然在此领域内的许多工作他知道的很少,但是,在比他知道得更多的实验者失败的地方,他却成功了。(D对。)返回表示原因 三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句最常用的连词是:because,since,as,now(that),seeing that,co
7、nsider that 等;注意 in that是复合连词,意思是because或“在方面”;since也用来引导原因状语从句。2.表示原因,相当于since,considering that,例:Its very difficult for older people to give proper guidance when they have no experience of being young today.老年人因为没有今天的年青人的经历,要他们作出正确的指导是很困难的。I am not to tell him about the truth when he wont listen.既
8、然他不愿意听,我就不把事情的真相告诉他了。例题_ we have finished the course,we shall start doing more revision work.A)For now B)Now that C)Ever since D)By now既然我们已经学完了这门课,我们就可开始花更多的时间去复习了。(B对。)Seeing that it is raining hard tonight,well have to stay here.今晚下这么大的雨,我们只好在这里过夜了。Liquids are like solids_they have a definite vol
9、ume.A)in that B)for that C)with that D)at that液体就象固体一样,因为它有一定的体积。(A对。)返回表示结果 九、结果状语从句九、结果状语从句 可以由 so that,so.that,such.that 引导,这类从句也可以理解为表示程度的状语从句:E.G.He was so angry that he left the room without a word.他很生气,一句话不说就离开了房间。例题 She told me_story that we all forgot about the time.A)such an interesting B)
10、such interesting a C)so an interesting D)a so interesting(A对。)她给我们讲了一个有趣的故事,我们把时间都忘了。回返表示目的 四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句 主要的引导词有:so that,in order that,so,less,in case 等。目的状语从句常常含有情态动词。例:They are hurrying so that/in order that they may not miss the train.他们为了赶上火车而匆匆忙忙。He wrote down my name for fear that/less he
11、should forget it.他记下了我的名字,以免忘记。返回表示条件五、条件状语从句五、条件状语从句1.最常用的引导词有:if,if only(if 的强调式),unless,as long as,so long as,in case,providing,provide(that),supposing,in the event that,on condition(that)等:2.provided(that)是书面语,有时与if 同义,有时有区别。provided(that)常常表示说话人所希望的条件,而 if 不一定有此含义:E.G.We shall cancel the contra
12、ct if you fail to open the L/C before the end of this month.如果你方在本月有不能开出信用证,我们就撤销合同。(if不能换成provided,fail to open the L/C.不是we 希望出现的情况。)例题Ill accept any job_I dont have to get up early.A)lest B)as long as C)in case D)though只要不让我早起,什么工作我都可以接受。(B对。)Government cannot operate effectively_it is free from
13、such interference.A)so long as B)so that C)unless D)because政府无法有效地运作,除非它不受这种干扰。(C对。)Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it.A)if only B)in case C)until D)unless只要他用心,我相信他能胜任这工作。(A对。)返回表示让步六、让步状语从句六、让步状语从句主要的引导词有:though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that,despite t
14、he fact that,与及“whever”词和“no matter wh-”。例:Nowadays we know that everything he wrote was true even though some of it was second-hand information.现在我们知道了:他所写的一切都是真的,尽管其中有些是间接得来的信息。However troublesome the problem is,he always faces it with pa-tience.不管问题多么棘手,他总是耐心面对它们。When anyone does something for yo
15、u,no matter how small and no matter whether he is a superior or servant,it is proper to say“thank you”.当有人为你办了事,不管这事多么微不足道,也不管他是你的上级还是服务员,你说一声“谢谢”总是得体的。返回 表示比较八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句 主要由than,as.as引导,这类从句常常有一些成分没有表示出来:E.G.On the top of a mountain our lung would not take in as much oxygen at each breath as t
16、hey would at the bottom.在山顶,我们的肺每次呼吸吸入的氧气没有在山脚时吸入那么多。例题 They usually have less money at the end of the month than _at the beginning.A)which is B)which was C)they have D)it is 通常到了月底,他们的钱就比月初少了。(C对。)She is_a musician than her brother.A)much of B)much as C)more of D)more as 她比她兄弟更懂音乐。(C对。)返回状语从句翻译状语从句
17、翻译 if 从句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译 before从句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译 as 从句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译 返回if 从句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译一、if从句不一定表示条件,它可以用来表示although或even if相似的意思;当然,它所表示的“让步”,没有though或even if 的语气那么重。例:If she is poor,at least she is honest.她虽说穷,却至少诚实。You must come in,if only its only for a minute.你必须进来,哪怕是一会儿。He is a very good man,
18、if rather dull.他虽然迟钝,却是个大好人。His style,if manned,is pleasant to read.他的文章风格,虽然有点矫揉造作,读起来还是令人感到愉快的。The profits,if a little lower than last years,are still extremely healthy.利润虽然比去年低点,却仍然是丰厚的。Ill finish this report if it kills me.我即使死了,也要完成这个报告。IF从句理解与翻译 二、if 从句中的主语和动词都可以省略:Hes a pleasant,if awkward la
19、d.他是一个虽然笨拙然而却惹人喜欢的小伙子。(.even if he is awkward)IF从句理解与翻译 主句里出现as.as很常见,这时if从句里用否定:John plays football_,if not better than,David.A)as well B)as well as C)so well D)so well as(B是答案。)论踢足球,虽然约翰并不比大卫踢得更好,但至少他们踢得一样好。His health is as poor as,if not poorer than,his sister.他的身体虽然说不比他的姐姐更差,但至少也是跟她一样差。返回before从
20、句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译 1.在之前(earlier than the time when),常常译作“在之前”,例:You are expected to be sitting on your seat before the play begins.请在话剧开演之前在自己的座位上坐好。before从句的理解和翻译从句的理解和翻译但在但在 A before B 的句式中的句式中,A表示时间表示时间,B表示行动表示行动,如果硬译为如果硬译为“A发发生在生在 B 之前之前”便很不合汉语习惯便很不合汉语习惯,译成译成“A之后才发生之后才发生 B”就比较得体。就比较得体。例如例如:A man e
21、scaped from the prison last night.It was a long time_the guards discovered what had happened.A)before B)until C)since D)when(A对。)昨晚上监狱里逃走了一个人,很久以后警卫才发现出了事。Scientists say it may be five or ten years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A)since B)before C)after D)when(B对。)科学家们说5到10年之
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