专业英语摄影CameraTypes课件.ppt

1、Camera TypesThere are many kinds of cameras for many types of uses.Today we will learn about some of them.Any of them could be a digital camera.Camera Types One guys collections with some 50+film cameras http:/ So Many Different Types?Main Camera Types Single Lens Reflex Twin Lens Reflex Viewfinder

2、View Camera Pinhole Any of the above can be a Digital camera.A digital camera is simply the medium that an image is recorded on.Pinhole CameraPinhole DiagramSSNSNASNAANNSort ofNSort ofNNSort ofAASSNot ReallySNot ReallyNSNot ReallyNMNNMNMNSNAANNANSNot ReallyNMNMNAdvantages of Pinhole Camera Very inex

3、pensive Easy to make onematerials can be found from existing household items:oatmeal container(or similar item),aluminum foil and tape.Artistic impression Maximum depth of field(area in focus)Disadvantages of Pinhole Camera No controls Long exposures Can NOT view what the camera seesUsages of Pinhol

4、e Cameras Learn how light works Learn how cameras work Artsy photosBe sure you can:Determine which of the 15 features apply to each camera List the advantages of your camera List the disadvantages of your camera List the usages of your cameraTypes of Cameras,Part 2Types of Cameras5 Main Types (there

5、 are others)PinholeViewfinderSingle Lens ReflexTwin Lens ReflexView*All of the above can be a digital cameraLens Based Camera Obscura,1568Pinhole CameraPinhole Camera this is like the Camera Obscurajust a light tight box with a hole and cover as a shutter.Matchbox Pinhole Camera a.Advantages:Easy to

6、 use,inexpensivecan make from home materials,Artsy view of subjects(impressionistic)b.Disadvantages:No controls,low pictures qualityViewfinder Digital CamerasViewfinder Viewfinder-Uses a separate window for viewing as the lens for taking the picture.IOW,you are not really looking at a real live imag

7、e.This applies to most P&S Digital Cameras.a.Advantages:Easy to use,“point and shoot”cameras,focus free,small compact camerasb.Disadvantages:Few controlsno creative picture control,low picture quality with the cheaper cameras(especially disposable with plastic parts)ViewfinderSLR Single Lens Reflex

8、The Pentax K1000 and ZX-M are two SLRs we use.Viewing&exposure is done through the same lens(TTL).SLR Single Lens Reflexa.Advantages:TTL is best way to acquire images spontaneously,with no parallax error,TTL light metering,usually have a wide variety of interchangeable lenses,a variety of controlled

9、 adjustments with a wide range of shutter speeds,exposure assisted by a CPUb.Disadvantages:Frequently have complicated controls,larger camera size,bulky when carrying extra lenses,shutter and mirror reflex system tends to be noisySLR Single Lens ReflexDSLR Digital Single Lens Reflex Pentax K100d DSL

10、R we use in class.Several Options with each BrandSLR SystemTLR Twin Lens Reflex Uses two lenses synchronized for viewing and exposure.TLR Twin Lens Reflexa.Advantages:Larger film size for high quality enlargements,TTL focusing due to the viewing and taking lenses being tied together,critical focus m

11、agnifier to give extra image detail,image always visible in viewfinder,even when the shutter is activated,convenience of both waist-level and eye level“shooting”.b.Disadvantages:Lots of controls,large sized camera,many models do not have interchangeable lenses,image laterally reversed from left-to-r

12、ight in the waist level viewfinder,some parallax error.Size of Imager(film or sensor)TLR Twin Lens ReflexViewDigital Backs can be purchased for just about any camera.For a Medium Format camera expect to spend:$30,000 or more!View Large format camera that allows for control of the focal plane,especia

13、lly for use for landscape and architecture.ViewViewViewThis photo of a mountain scene captured using a 4x5 View Camera and a 90mm wide-angle lens(roughly the equivalent of a 28mm lens in 35mm format).The foreground-to-background sharpness is a result of tilting the front standard,placing the focus p

14、lane diagonal to the film plane.Viewa.Advantages:Allows for perspective and distortion control of landscapes and architecture,large film size allows for very large prints(poster sized),variety of special-use attachments,directly viewing of the image TTL,wide selection of lensesb.Disadvantages:Lots o

15、f controls,VERY large sized and heavy camera,most models require the use of a tripod,image difficult to see on viewing glass,takes considerable time to set up and use,image lost on viewing glass after film holder is inserted,photographer needs to know when and how to use the four standard movements.ViewGraflex Pacemaker Speed Graphic 4x5ViewDigital Back Alternative-This shows how Keith Cooper(http:/www.northlight-images.co.uk/article_pages/canon-view-camera.html)adapted his Canon 1Ds as a digital back for a MPP monorail view camera.