高中英语2023年高考阅读理解高频词汇汇总（共500个）.doc

1、高考英语阅读理解高频词汇1.alter :lt v.改变，改动，变更. As times alter, mens affections change. 时过境迁。2.burst b:st vt.& vi.& n.爆炸, 爆裂，爆发, 突然发生，His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.3.dispose dispuz vt.& vi.去掉，舍弃，处理; 处置He was forced to dispose of his art treasures.他被迫处理（舍弃）掉自己的艺术珍藏。4.blast b

2、l:st n.爆炸; 气流 vt.& vi.炸, 炸掉（用炸药）炸毁，把炸成碎片；爆破A blast of hot air came from the furnace.一股热风从火炉里吹出来。The village was blasted by enemy bombs.村子被敌人的炸弹毁掉了。5.consume knsju:m vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽 （燃料、能量、时间等）Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committees valuable time.6.split split vt.& vi.(使)裂开; (使)破裂 T

3、he wood splits easily.这木头容易劈开。7.spit spit vt.& vi.吐痰; 吐出 Its bad to spit.吐痰是不好的行为。8.spill spil vt.& vi.溢出; 泼出 The coffee is so full that it might spill over.咖啡太满可能会溢出来。9.slip slip vi.滑, 滑倒; 滑动; (时间)不知不觉地过去；悄悄逝去(away, by) 忽视 ;He slipped and fell down the stairs.他滑倒了, 从楼梯上摔了下来。One week slipped away, b

4、ut he wrote out nothing.一个星期悄然逝去，他连一个字也没写出来。10.slide slaid vt.& vi.滑动; 滑行; 滑落, n.滑动，滑面，幻灯We have a slide show every other week.我们每隔一周观看一次幻灯片。11.bacteria bktiri n.细菌 All bacteria are larger than viruses.所有细菌都比病菌大。12.breed bri:d n.种, 品种vt.& vi.生育; 繁殖13.budget bdit n.预算 v.把编入预算 a monthly/ an annual/ a

5、family budget月度/年度/家庭预算14.candidate kndidit n.申请求职者, 候选人He interviews many candidates for jobs.他面试过很多求职者。15.campus kmps n.(大学)校园 The campus of Harvard University哈佛大学的校园16.liberal librl n.宽容的人；开明的人 ；自由主义者；（旧时）英国自由党成员；adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的,宽宏大度的；开明的 慷慨的, 大方的He has a liberal attitude to divorce and remarriag

6、e.他对离婚和再婚看得很开。17.transform trnsf:m t.& vi.改变；使改变形态；使改变外观（或性质），使改观The sofa can transform for use as a bed.这个沙发可改作床用。18.transmit trnzmit vt.& vi.发射, 广播；传播, 传染；传导；传（热、声等）；透（光等）；使过Glass transmits light but not sound.玻璃传导光, 但不传导声音。19.transplant trnspl:nt, vt.移植, 移种；(人)移居, 迁移；移植(器官、皮肤、头发等) n.(器官、皮肤、头发等的)移

7、植；移植的器官, 移植物Several of the patients had received kidney transplant.病人中有几位已接受了肾移植手术。20.transport trnsp:t vt.运输，运送，输送 n.交通运输系统； 交通车辆；运输工具；运输；运送；输送；搬运A bus transported us from the airport to the city.一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。21.shift ift vt.& vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动; 换挡n.转换, 转变; 轮换班; 切换键; (汽车等的)变速，换挡；变速装置The day sh

8、ift arrivesarrive at eight oclock.白班工人八点钟来换班。22.vary vri vt&vi.变化；有不同，相异; (使)变化, 改变 This pile of apples vary in size.这堆苹果大小不一。23.vanish vni vi.消失, 突然不见,（莫名其妙地）突然消失；不复存在, 绝迹,消亡With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbit vanish.魔术师手一挥兔子便不见了。24.swallow swlu vt.& vi.吞, 咽；不流露，掩饰，抑制； n.(吃或喝的)一口；

9、燕子I dont know how I managed to swallow my anger.我不知道怎样才能抑制住我的愤怒。25.suspicion sspin n.怀疑, 嫌疑；疑心, 猜疑 He is under suspicion of murder.他涉嫌谋杀。The behaviour of the stranger aroused our suspicions.那个陌生人的行为引起了我们的怀疑。26.suspicious sspis adj.猜疑的, 疑心的；可疑的；表示怀疑的；不信任的；持怀疑态度的Im very suspicious about his motives.我很

10、怀疑他的动机。27.mild maild adj.温柔的, 温和的, 和善的；轻微的, 不严重的；温暖的, 暖和的（天气，尤指冬天）；（味道） 不浓的；淡味的That coat is too heavy for such a mild day.这样暖和的天气, 穿那件大衣太厚了。28.tender tend adj.纤弱的，脆弱的；虚弱的；易损的;柔和的，温和的n.投标; (正式)提出,提供; 照料人；看管人vt.提出; 使变温柔；使变脆弱Her skin is very tender, like a babys.她的皮肤像婴儿一样的柔嫩。29.nuisance nju:sns n.讨厌的东西

11、人, 行为 麻烦事; 非法妨害；滋扰行为The dog is a terrible nuisance.这只狗真令人讨厌。.30.insignificant ,insignifiknt adj.无价值的, 无意义的, 无用的The rate has fallen by an insignificant amount.比率虽有下降, 但微不足道。31.accelerate kselreit vt.& vi.(使)加快, (使)增速; 促使早日发生，促进; 【教育学】使(学生)跳级；提早学完(课程等) ;【物理学】使(运动物体)加速The car suddenly accelerated.汽车突然加

12、速。32.absolute bslju:t,adj.绝对的, 完全的；全部的; 不受任何限制约束的; 无条件的; 有无上权力或权威的; 专制的 n.绝对真理（指思想或原理）I look upon this as an absolute necessity.我认为这是绝对必要的。33.boundary baundri n.分界线; 界线, 范围; 使球越过边界线的击球（得加分）The boundaries of that country were changed by a treaty.那个国家的边界根据条约有所更动。34.brake breik n.制动器; 闸; 刹车;阻力；障碍vt.& v

13、i.刹(车)His brakes failed on a steep hill.他的刹车在陡峭的山路上失灵了。35.catalog ktl n.目录,目录册，目录簿;【美】大学概况一览; 登记，记载 vt.编目录，为.编目，将.编入目录; 登记,记载36.vague vei adj.模糊的,不清楚的,朦胧的; (表达或感知)含糊的, 不明确的, 不清不具体的,不详细的,粗略的; 不精确的 Through the mist I could just make out a vague figure.透过雾霭, 我只能看见一个模糊的人影。37.vain veinadj.自负的; 爱慕虚荣的; 徒劳的

14、, 无用的, 无效的He made a vain attempt to reach the drowning child.他试图接近那个快淹死的小孩, 但没有成功。38.extinct ikstikt adj.（动植物，物种灭）灭绝的, 绝种的;（某种类型的人或者生活方式，工作）消逝的, 破灭的Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。39.extraordinary ikstr:dnri adj.意想不到的；令人惊奇的；奇怪的;不一般的；非凡的；卓越的Its extraordinary that he mana

15、ged to sleep through the party.真想不到他竟从聚会开始睡到结束。40.extreme ikstri:m adj.极度的, 极端的; 过激的；过分的n.极端, 过分，极度，极限His views are rather extreme.他的观点相当极端。41.agent eidntn.代理人, 代理商adj.代理的；充当代理人(或代理商)的vt.由作中介，由代理A commercial agent manages the business affairs of company.商务代理负责代公司处理商业性事务。42.alcohol lkhl n.酒, 含酒精的饮料;

16、酒精, 乙醇The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors.法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。43.appeal pi:l n.呼吁, 恳求; .感染力, 吸引力; 上诉；申诉vi.(迫切)要求，恳求，求援；呼吁，吁请(某人帮助、同情等) ; 有吸引力This job rather appeals to me.这工作对我有吸引力.We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.44.appreciate pri:ieit vt.感激, 感谢； 为表示感激(或感

17、谢); 欣赏, 赏识, 重视, 鉴赏I appreciate your help very much.我非常感谢你的帮助。You cant appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.你若不懂英文诗韵律, 就无法欣赏英文诗。45.approve pru:v vt.& vi.赞成, 同意批准, 通过The firms directors quickly approved the new idea.公司的董事们很快赞同了这个想法。46.stimulate stimjuleit vt.刺激; 激励; 起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起

18、促进作用They stimulated me to make greater efforts.他们鼓励我要做出更大的努力。47.acquire kwai vt.获得, 得到, 养成; （通过努力、能力、行为表现）获得，得到I tried to acquire the information I needed.我千方百计地搞到了我所需要的资料。48.accomplish kmpli vt.完成, 实现, 做成功; 达到(目的)；完成(任务、计划、事业等)；实现(诺言计划等) This task is accomplished by great effort.这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。wor

19、k netw:k n.网状物; (电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统.广播网, 电视网关系网；人际网；相互关系（或配合）的系统A network of railways has spread over the province.铁路网已遍布全省。50.tide taid n.潮, 潮汐; 潮水; 潮流, 趋势 The tide of the battle turned against us.战况变得对我们不利。51.tidytaidi adj.整洁的, 整齐的；口(数量)相当大的; 可观的；爱整洁的；爱整齐的n.盛零碎物品的容器 vt.& vi. 使整洁；使整齐 ；使有条理；整理His bedro

20、om was not very tidy.他的卧室不太整齐。52.trace treis vt.跟踪，追踪；发现，找到；追溯；探索 n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹He knew they were tracing him.他知道他们正在追踪他。53.torture t:t n.拷问, 刑讯折磨; 痛苦（精神上或肉体上的）折磨，痛苦；折磨人的事物 vt.拷问, 折磨.使痛苦；使苦恼；使焦急；使受煎熬She suffered tortures from a toothache.她受着牙痛的折磨。54.wander wnd vt.& vi.漫游, 徘徊；走神；（思想）开小差；(道路或河流)蜿蜒；迂回曲折n

21、.游荡；溜达；闲逛；徘徊55.wax wksn.蜡耳垢；耳屎；vt.给打蜡,增大vi.说话变得（热情、雄辩、伤感等）起来； (月亮)渐圆；渐满You should put some wax on those boots.你应该给那些靴子打上一些蜡。56.weave wi:vvt.& vi.（用手或机器）编，织；编排, 杜撰,（把）编成，编纂成，编造（故事等）The old woman was weaving on her loom.那位老太太正在织布机上织布。57.preserve priz:v vt.保护；维持；维护; 保存；保藏；保持；维持 n.独占的事物(或范围)；禁区We must p

22、reserve our natural resources. 我们必须保护自然资源。58.pat ptvt.& vi.（喜爱地）轻拍 n.友善的）轻拍，拍打With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left.他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。59.earthquake :kweik n.地震；动乱, 大震荡 The town was destroyed by the earthquake.60.ecology i:kldi n.生态学 To keep ecology in balance is our duty.保持生态平衡是我们的职责。61.abuse bju:

23、z n.滥用, 妄用, 虐待； 恶言, 辱骂vt.滥用, 妄用；虐待, 伤害；辱骂, 毁谤He burst into a storm of abuse.他破口大骂。62.academic,kdemik adj.学校的, 学院的; 学术性的n.大学教师; 专业学者;学者，书生；学究，学究式人物；学术界人士The university is composed of five academic schools.整个大学由五个学院组成。63.academy kdmi n.专科学校研究院, 学会;（苏格兰）中等学校；（美国）私立学校This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科

24、学院。64.battery btri n.(蓄)电池(组) .排炮, 炮组65.barrier bri n.栅栏, 关卡;障碍, 隔阂; 屏障；障碍物Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to investment in the region.66.cargok:u n.（船或飞机装载的）货物 大量；重负 vt.给装货This boat was cargoed with bananas and oranges.这只船装载着香蕉和橘子。67.career kri n.职业; 生涯, 履历My uncle entered upon a diplomat

25、ic career at the age of thirty-five.我伯父35岁时开始了外交官生涯。68.vessel vesl n.船, 舰; 容器; 血管, 脉管, 导管The doctor said Id severed a vessel in my leg.医生说我割断了腿上的一根血管。69.vertical v:tikl adj.垂直的, 竖的; 纵向的n.垂直线；垂直位置He climbed the vertical cliff.他攀登陡峭的悬崖。70.oblige blaid vt.& vi.迫使做; 使负义务; 感激Poverty obliged her to live a

26、 hard life.贫困迫使她过艰苦的生活。71.obscure bskju adj.不出名的，无名的，鲜为人知的; 不重要的; 费解的，难以理解的; 模糊不清的; 不易看清的, 暗淡的 vt.使模糊不清，使隐晦，使费解; 掩盖Her poor English obscured her meaning.她的英语差, 难以表达自己的意思。72.extent ikstent n.长度, 面积, 范围; 程度, 限度The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.这条新跑道将近六英里长。73.exterior ikstiri n.人的）外面, 外貌

27、, 外表.户外景色图, 外景, （尤指建筑物的）外部，外观，表面，外貌 adj.外部的, 外面的You mustnt judge people by their exteriors.你不能以貌取人。74.externalikst:nl adj.外面的, 外部的；外观的, 表面的外国的The external features of the building are very attractive.这座建筑物的外观是很吸引人的75.petrol petrl n.汽油 Our car was useless for lack of petrol.76.petroleum pitrulimn.石油；

28、原油They refined crude oil into various petroleum products.他们将原油提炼成各种石油产品。77.delaydilei n.耽搁, 延迟; 被耽搁推迟的事件或时间 vt.推迟, 使延期，使延迟，使延期，延缓The driver delayed the drive until the weather cleared.驾驶员延迟到天气转晴后才出车。78.decaydikei vt.& vi.使腐烂，使腐朽；衰败, 衰退, 衰落n.腐败、衰退的状态Sugar can decay the teeth.糖能腐蚀牙齿。79.decent di:snt a

29、dj.人或行为举止正派的；公平的；合乎礼节的像样的, 过得去的, 体面的，尚好的；I didnt have a decent dress for the dance.我没有参加舞会的合适的衣服。80.route ru:t n.路, 路途, 路线, 路程（公共汽车和列车等的）常规路线，固定线路The climbers tried to find a new route to the top of the mountain.登山者试图寻出条通到山顶的新路。81.ruin ruin vt.破坏, 毁掉；破产n.毁坏, 毁灭, 灭亡破败、坍塌或毁坏的状态.废墟; 遗迹Many ruins of Rom

30、an date are to be seen in the south of France.许多古罗马时期的遗迹可以在法国南部看到。82.sake seik n.缘故; 理由；目的，利益 He loves poetry for beautys sake.他因为爱美而喜欢诗歌。83.satellite stlaitn.卫星；人造卫星 The moon is a satellite of the earth.月球是地球的一颗卫星。84.scale skeiln.刻度, 度数；比例(尺)；规模; 程度; 范围；等级; 级别；天平, 磅秤For every year youve worked here

31、 you go up another step on the salary scale.你在这儿每工作一年, 工资就会长一级。85.temple templ n.庙, 寺, 神殿；太阳穴 Many temples were beautifully built.许多寺庙建得很美。86.tedious ti:dis, ti:ds adj.乏味的, 单调的；.冗长的；啰嗦的The arguments are tedious and complicated.那些论点冗长而繁复。87.tend tend vt.照料, 照顾, 招待，侍候，照顾，照料（商店、酒吧等的顾客）vi.易于; 倾向My grand

32、mother tends to go to bed early every day.我祖母每天通常比较早睡。88.tendency tendnsi n.倾向, 趋势（政党内的）极端派别He has a tendency to forget things.他有忘事的倾向。89.ultimate ltimt adj.最后的, 最终的；基本的, 根本的；最大的, 极限程度的n.终极；顶点 基本原理；基本事实What was his ultimate goal?他的最终目标是什么?90.undergo,ndu vt.经历，经受（变化、不快的事等）He underwent a lot of hardsh

33、ips in his childhood.他在童年时代经历了许多坎坷。91.abundant bndnt adj.大量的, 充足的 Rainfall is abundant in the region. 该地区降雨丰沛。92.adopt dpt vt.收养采用, 采纳, 采取The factories have adopted the newest modern technology.那几家工厂采用了现代的最新技术。93.adapt dpt vt.& vi.(使)适应；改编, 改写改变以适合(for)；适应于，适应不同情况(或环境)(to)She has not yet adapted to

34、the climate.她还没适应气候。94.bachelor btl n.单身男子, 单身汉；学士; 学士学位；adj.(为)单身汉的Hes a confirmed bachelor.他抱定主意一辈子独身。95.casual kjul adj.漠不关心的, 冷淡的；随便的, 非正式的；临时的, 不定期的；.漫不经心的，不小心的；草率的 n.没有固定工作的劳动者，(尤指)临时工The guests wore casual clothes.客人们穿着便服。96.trap trpvt.诱骗; 诱捕; 设陷阱捕捉困住, 使陷入绝境vi.设陷阱；装捕捉机；设圈套n.(捕捉动物的)夹子, 罗网, 陷阱；

35、圈套, 困境；(对付人的)计谋, 策略, 陷阱；埋伏；诡计；骗局Thirty miners were trapped underground after the fire.起火后有三十名矿工被困在地底下。97.vacant veiknt adj.未被占用的, 空的；.(指职位)空缺的There were many vacant seats in the theatre.剧院里有许多空座位。98.vacuum vkjum n.真空；真空吸尘器空间; 空虚; 空白；vt.用真空吸尘器清扫(某物)His wifes death left a vacuum in his life.他妻子的去世使他的生

36、活变得空虚。99.oral :rl adj.口头的, 口述的口服的n.（尤指外语考试中的）口试 ；（大学里的）口试He passed his French oral examination.他通过了法语口试。100.optics ptiks n.光学（单复数同形） Newton published his first work on optics.101.organ :n n.器官,风琴 ；机构 Gills are the organ through which fish breathe.鳃是鱼类用来呼吸的器官。102.excessekses n.过分,过量,过剩adj.超重的;过量的; 额外

37、的,An excess of fat in ones diet can lead to heart disease.饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。103.expel ikspelv.驱逐,开除,赶出把除名, 把开除；排出，喷出They expelled a foreign spy from their country.他们把一个外国间谍驱逐出境。104.expendikspend v.消费 用光; 耗尽Dont expend all your time on such a useless job.不要把时间消耗在这种无用的工作上。105.expenditure ikspendit n.支出,消费

38、；经费This expenditure would include two railway lines.这些支出将包括两条铁路线。106.expense ikspens n.开销,费用损失，代价Sending a child to college is quite an expense .供孩子上大学是一笔颇大的花费。107.expensive ikspensiv a.花钱多的；价格高贵的108.expand ikspnd v.扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀；详述We hope to expand our business with you.我们希望与贵公司扩大贸易往来。109.expansion i

39、kspnn n.扩大,扩充；发展,膨胀The company has the potential for expansion.这家公司有扩展的潜力。110.private praivit a.私人的,个人的A local private school lets them use a chemistry lab.当地一家私立学校还允许他们使用化学实验室。111.individual individjul a.个别的,单独的 n.个人, 个体Each individual has his own personality.每个人都有自己的个性。112.personal p:snl a.个人的,私人的

40、；亲自的 Personal appearance is important.个人形象很重要。113.Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。114.personnel ,p:snel n.总称人员,员工；人人事部门All personnel must have the valid certification.所有相关人员必须持有效证件上岗。115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119.gra

41、nt rnt vt.授予, 同意, 准予 We cannot grant any further discount.我们不能再给任何折扣了。119.grand rnd a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的My mother cooked a grand turkey dinner.妈妈做了丰盛的火鸡晚餐。120.invade inveid v.侵入,侵略,侵袭 Learn to say no to people that invade your privacy.121.acid sid n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的；尖刻的 We have to add more acid to it.122.acknow

42、ledge knlid v.承认；致谢；报偿；告知已收到He has to acknowledge the grim fact.他不得不承认这无情的事实。123.balcony blkni n.阳台；包厢；戏院楼厅 Our balcony is exposed to the south.我们的阳台朝南。124.calculate klkjuleit vt.计算,核算；以为；作打算We cannot calculate on his help.我们不能指望他的帮助。125.calendar klind n.日历,月历This is the calendar we use today.这就是我们今

43、天使用的日历。126.optimistic ,ptimistik a.乐观的；乐观主义的 The energy outlook is not optimistic.能源前景127.optional pnl l a.可以任选的,非强制的n.选修科目Lets review another optional step.让我们审查另一个可选步骤。128.outstanding ,autstndi a.杰出的,突出的,显著的In fact, he is a very outstanding youth.事实上，他是个十分优秀的少年。129.export iksp:t n.出口（物） v.出口,输出Coc

44、oa is Ghanas biggest export after gold.可可是加纳仅次于黄金的第二大出口商品。130.import imp:t n.进口（物） v.进口,输入We export rice but import wheat.我们“出口”稻米，但进口小麦。131.impose impuz vt.把.加强(on)；采用,利用；征税；以欺骗You must not impose bad wine on customers.你不应该拿劣酒卖给顾客。132.religion rilidn n.宗教,宗教信仰 Science is in conflict with religion.科

45、学与宗教相抵触。133.religious rilids a.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的It is hard for me to reject religious beliefs.要我抛弃自己的宗教信仰是困难的。134.victim viktim n.牺牲品,受害者Now I felt the victim was my motherland.现在我感到被害者是我的祖国。135.video vidiu n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录像的Reactions to the video have been mixed.人们对这段视频的反应各不相同。136.videotape vidiuteip n.录像磁带vt.将录到录像带上Do you know about this videotape? 你知道这盘录像带吗？137.offend fend v.冒犯,触犯；使不愉快 Sorry, I didnt mean to offend you.138.bother b v.打搅,麻烦使不安；使恼怒vi.操心；烦恼n.麻烦；烦恼Promise (me) never to bot