湖南省长沙市第一 2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试英语试题.docx
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1、2022-2023-1长沙市一中高三上入学考试英语第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共11小题;每小题2.5分,满分27.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJames Dyson is the inventor of the cyclone(气旋) Dyson vacuum cleaner that completely transformed the way vacuum cleaners are designed. Traditional vacuum cleaners would suck up air a
2、nd dust using a fan and then the dust was filtered by the pores(气孔) in the bag. The dust stayed in the bag and the air escaped. The problem with that design was that the pores in the bag very quickly get blocked with the dust, the air couldnt escape and so the sucking power and cleaning efficiency d
3、rops.Dysons cyclone technology doesnt use any bags at all. Air is sucked into a plastic cone-shaped object. The dust is separated from the air thanks to centrifugal forces(离心力). The dust falls to the bottom and is collected in a tray and pure air escapes. No blocking, no loss of suction and no smell
4、s.It took him 15 years of his life and over 5,000 prototypes working in his garage to come up with a working model! Completing the design of the cyclone cleaner was just the start of Dysons incredible story. You would think that the manufacturers of traditional cleaners would have been eager to do a
5、 deal with Dyson in order to license his superior product. Wrong! From their short-sighted perspective, they didnt want to pay Dyson licensing fees for his invention because that would reduce their net profit. In their opinion, they could just carry on with their inferior product and continue making
6、 their massive profits. They refused to do business with Dyson, certain that his invention would go away without their investment.Most people would have just given up there. Not Dyson. He made the decision to start his own manufacturing company and to beat them at their own game. In 1993, he set up
7、a factory in the UK to produce the Dyson Dual Cyclone and then started advertising it directly to the British public using TV ads with the slogan “Say goodbye to the bag”. It was a huge success and went on to outsell cleaners made by the very same manufacturers that had rejected him. Sweet revenge.1
8、. What is the major difference between Dysons product and other vacuum cleaners?A. It uses fewer bags.B. It produces less noise.C. It allows for the free flow of air.D. It sucks up air and dust using a fan.2. Why didnt the manufacturers cooperate with Dyson?A. Because the public were not interested
9、in his ads.B. Because Dyson had already set up his own company.C. Because they believed his product was less profitable.DBecause they thought their existing products were superior.3. What qualities contributed to Dysons success?A. Teamwork spirit and generosity.B. Commitment and persistence.C. Integ
10、rity and kindness.D. Punctuality and creativity.BMusic makes life better in many ways. The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework. But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to optimiz
11、e their learning? A new study suggests that for some students, listening to music is a wise strategy, but for others, it isnt. The effect of music on cognitive(认知的) functioning appears to depend partly on your personality specifically, on your need for external stimulation.Researchers not only asses
12、sed listeners personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music. Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation. They then engaged in an easy cognitive task (searching for the letter A in lists of words) and a
13、 more challenging one (remembering word pairs). Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions: (1) no music, (2) with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation, on the simple task of finding As, such subjects scores for the music condition we
14、re significantly worse than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, their performance was worse whenever music was played. For those with a low need of external stimulation, however, on the simple task of findings As, such participants scores for the music conditi
15、on were dramatically better than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study, there are substantial individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function,
16、 resulting in personalized recommendations regarding its presence in the classroom. Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix. On the other hand, students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of mus
17、ic.With the right personality, the right music and the right task, the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning. Given the benefits of music, subscription to Spotify just might pay for itself.4. What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?A. It only involved the partici
18、pants response to music.B. The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.C. Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.D. Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.5. What can we infer from the results shown in paragraphs 3-4?A. The complexity of tasks
19、 might reduce the benefit of music.B. Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.C. Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.D. The presence of music suits students seeking for external stimulation.6. What might the underlined word “Spotify” be?A. A psychol
20、ogy journal.B. A music platform.C. A travel guide.D. A personality test.7. What could be the best title for the article?A. Why is music essential in your study?B. Is music beneficial to your personality?C. Does music boost your cognitive performance?D. How can music affect your external stimulation?
21、CGeothermal(地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earths surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to a
22、t least triple by 2050.The Geysers in California is the worlds largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the states renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir
23、heated by a large magma chamber(岩浆房) more than four miles beneath the surface.Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open
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