托福写作基础语法-主语从句分析解析课件.ppt

1、TOFEL GRAMMARNoun Clause英语基本句型英语基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.

2、用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。巩固练习：

3、1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。He showed the ticket to the conductor.Shall I call you a taxi?

4、The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语

5、，动词以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾

6、补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice。2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.We call her Alice.We all consider him honest.5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个

7、月理一次发。8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont let her go out at night.12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out th

8、e problemin another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.本节目标本节目标名词性从句名词性从句学习掌握并运用学习掌握并运用主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句简单句 VS.复合句 简单句简单句复合句复合句The idea is ridiculous.That the earth is round is ridiculous.He told me the truth.He told me that the earth i

9、s round.My theory is a joke.My theory is that the earth is round.The magazine,National Geography,tells us the common knowledge.The magazine,National Geography,tells us the common knowledge.-名词性从句四种成分 在英文中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语（见上表第一列）。如果我们把句子当做名词来用，分别在另一个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语（见上表第二列），于是构成了四种从句：主语从

10、句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种从句在本质上相当于名词的作用，所以我们把它们统称为名词性从句。名词性从句三种句子 That the earth is round is a fact.My question is whether people will live on the moon someday.Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.I dont know how many letters there are in the English alphabet

11、.陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句名词性从句本质That the earth is round is a fact.(The earth is round.)My question is whether people will live on the moon someday.(Will people live on the moon someday?)Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.(Is there life on other plan

12、ets?)I dont know how many letters there are in the English alphabet.(How many letters are there in the English alphabet?)陈述句变名词性从句 主语从句 He doesnt understand English.很显然他不懂英语。That he doesnt understand English is obvious.月球本身不发光这是一个常识。That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.地球

13、是圆的，这是真理。That the earth is round is a truth.原则原则在陈述句句首加上在陈述句句首加上that，然后把，然后把“that+陈述句陈述句”这一结构这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。it作形式主语为避免头重脚轻，常常用为避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将主语作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句放在句尾。从句放在句尾。很显然他不懂英语。It is obvious that he doesnt understand English.月球本身不发光这是一个常识。It is com

14、mon knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.地球是圆的，这是真理。It is a truth that the earth is round.你没通过这次考试真遗憾。It is a shame/pity that you did not pass the test.常见的主语从句句型 it作形式主语u It is+过去分词过去分词+that从句：从句：Its reported that 据报道。据报道。Its believed that 人们相信。人们相信。Its generally thought that 人们普遍认

15、为。人们普遍认为。It should be noted that 应当注意。应当注意。It has been found that 现已发现。现已发现。It must be pointed out that 必须指出。必须指出。同样可以这么用的词有同样可以这么用的词有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast等。等。常见的主语从句句型 it作形式主语u It is+形容词形容词+that从句：从句：It is clear that 显然。显然。It is possible/likely that 很可能。很可能。It is natural that 很自然。很自然。I

16、t is certain that 可以相信。可以相信。It is strange that 奇怪的是。奇怪的是。It is fortunate that 幸运的是。幸运的是。It is necessary that 有必要的是。有必要的是。常见的主语从句句型 it作形式主语u It is+名词短语名词短语+that从句：从句：a pity,a shame,an honor,a good idea,no wonder,etc.It is a pity that 可惜的是。可惜的是。It is a fact that 事实是。事实是。It is good news that 。真是太好了。真是太

17、好了。It is a good thing that 。真是件好事。真是件好事。It is no wonder that 难怪。难怪。It is a shame that 遗憾的是；。真是太不像话了遗憾的是；。真是太不像话了It is an honor that 真荣幸。真荣幸。It is common knowledge that 。是常识。是常识。It is my belief that 我相信。我相信。It is a miracle that 。真是奇迹。真是奇迹。练习时间_ u 将下列句子改写成it作主语的句子That smoking can cause cancer is true.That Lucy failed his English exam was a shame.That he has been late for work over and over again is a serious matter.That the little baby survived under such bad conditions was a miracle.