土木工程专业英语Unit-7(2)-Underground-Works课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《土木工程专业英语Unit-7(2)-Underground-Works课件.ppt》由用户(三亚风情)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 土木工程 专业 英语 Unit Underground Works 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、Unit 7(2)Underground Works 地下工程地下工程1.shaft pression4.shearing5.torsion6.equilibrium7.excavation Review竖井,通风井拉力,张力压缩,浓缩剪力,修剪扭力,扭转平衡,均衡挖掘,发掘vore extraction vbreasting boardvdead loadvlive load vBoring equipmentvTunnel construction v Full-face methodPhrases矿石开采矿石开采罩板罩板恒负载恒负载活负载活负载钻机设备钻机设备隧道施工隧道施工全面开挖法
2、So Much for Thisvlearning guidance:v1.Master:了解隧道的施工与规划:了解隧道的施工与规划 v2.Teaching important point :隧道的施工与规划。隧道的施工与规划。v3.Teaching difficult point:科技英语翻译技巧:句子成分的转换v5 Tunnel Construction:v 1.隧道施工的工序包括开挖、出渣、支护和衬砌。隧道施工的工序包括开挖、出渣、支护和衬砌。人们在实际中已创造出多种隧道施工方法,概括起人们在实际中已创造出多种隧道施工方法,概括起来有两大施工方式,即明挖法和暗挖法。来有两大施工方式,即明
3、挖法和暗挖法。2.明挖法主要有:敞口放坡明挖明挖法主要有:敞口放坡明挖 板桩法板桩法 地下连续墙施工法地下连续墙施工法3.暗挖法主要有:矿山法暗挖法主要有:矿山法 盾构法盾构法 沉管法沉管法 顶进法顶进法Notice that the diagram shows tunneling taking place from both sides.Tunnels through mountains or underwater are usually worked from the two opposite ends,or faces,of the passage.In long tunnels,ver
4、tical shafts may be dug at intervals to excavate from more than two points.Passage:n.一段(文章);走廊;通路 underground passage矿业 地下通道;洞穴通道;矿业 地下道;洞窟通道passage allowance旅费津贴;旅费补助water passage水道;流道;水眼;水通路respiratory passage呼吸道admission passage入路;进路;进气管路;进入通道return passage回路;双程旅费;通路;回路通道at intervals:时时,不时,相隔一定的距
5、离或时间v5 Tunnel Construction:v(1)soft ground(earth)v(2)hard rock v(3)soft rock v(4)underwater(1)soft ground(earth)vWorkers dig soft-ground tunnels through clay,silt,sand,gravel or mud.(what is soft ground?)vIn this type of tunnel,stand-up time-how long the ground will safely stand by itself at the poi
6、nt of excavation-is of paramount importance.vBecause stand-up time is generally short when tunneling through soft ground,cave-ins(塌方)are a constant threat.粘土;粉砂;沙土;碎石;淤泥at the point of:靠近;正要;be at the point of将要at the point of use在使用点上At The Point Of Crisis在危机点paramount prmaunt adj.最重要的,主要的;至高无上的 n.
7、最高统治者vTo prevent this(?)from happening,engineers use a special piece of equipment called a shield.v A shield is an iron or steel cylinder literally pushed into the soft soil.vIt carves a perfectly round hole and supports the surrounding earth while workers remove debris(debri n.碎片,残骸)and install a p
8、ermanent lining made of cast iron(铸铁)or precast concrete.vWhen the workers complete a section,jacks(小伙子,工人)push the shield forward and they repeat the process.literallylt()rladv.照字面地;逐字地vIn 1874,Peter M.Barlow and James Henry Greathead improved on Brunels design by constructing a circular shield lin
9、ed with cast-iron segments.vThey first used the newly-designed shield to excavate a second tunnel under the Thames for pedestrian traffic(行人交通).vThen,in 1874,the shield was used to help excavate the London Underground,the worlds first subway.vGreathead further refined the shield design by adding com
10、pressed air pressure inside the tunnel.vWhen air pressure inside the tunnel exceeded water pressure outside,the water stayed out.Soon,engineers in New York,Boston,Budapest and Paris had adopted the Greathead shield to build their own subways.v(2)hard rockvUnless the tunnel is short,control of the en
11、vironment is essential to provide safe working conditions and(?)to ensure the safety of passengers after the tunnel is operational.vOne of the most important concerns is ventilation-a problem magnified by waste gases produced by trains and automobiles.vClifford Holland addressed the problem of venti
12、lation when he designed the tunnel that bears(?)his name.Bear:vi.承受;结果实 vt.忍受;具有;支撑 vHis solution was to add two additional layers above and below the main traffic tunnel.vThe upper layer clears exhaust fumes(废气),while the lower layer pumps in(用泵吸入)fresh air.vFour large ventilation towers,two on eac
13、h side of the Hudson River,house the fans that move the air in and out.Eighty-four fans,each 80 feet in diameter,can change the air completely every 90 seconds.eighty-four eitif:n.俚语海军监狱隧道的通风隧道的通风通风方式通风方式自然通风自然通风机械通风机械通风半横向式半横向式纵向式纵向式横向式横向式混合式混合式射流式射流式风道式和风道式和喷嘴式喷嘴式竖井式竖井式 Fig 7.8 Inside a Holland Tu
14、nnel ventilation tower v射流式纵向通风射流式纵向通风 v纵向式通风是从一个洞口直接引进新鲜空气,由纵向式通风是从一个洞口直接引进新鲜空气,由另一洞口排出污染空气的方式。射流式纵向通风是将另一洞口排出污染空气的方式。射流式纵向通风是将射流式风机设置于车道的吊顶部,吸入隧道内的部分射流式风机设置于车道的吊顶部,吸入隧道内的部分空气,并以空气,并以30m/s左右的速度喷射吹出,用以升压,左右的速度喷射吹出,用以升压,使空气加速,达到通风的目的。射流式通风经济,设使空气加速,达到通风的目的。射流式通风经济,设备费少,但噪声较大。备费少,但噪声较大。v竖井式纵向通风竖井式纵向通风
15、 v机械通风所需动力与隧道长度的立方成正比,因此机械通风所需动力与隧道长度的立方成正比,因此在长隧道中,常常设置竖井进行分段通风。竖井用于排在长隧道中,常常设置竖井进行分段通风。竖井用于排气,有烟囱作用,效果良好。对向交通的隧道,因新风气,有烟囱作用,效果良好。对向交通的隧道,因新风是从两侧洞口进入,竖井宜设于中间。单向交通时,由是从两侧洞口进入,竖井宜设于中间。单向交通时,由于新风主要自入口一侧进入,竖井应靠近出口侧设置。于新风主要自入口一侧进入,竖井应靠近出口侧设置。v横向式通风横向式通风v横向式通风的特点是风在隧道的横断面方向流横向式通风的特点是风在隧道的横断面方向流动,一般不发生纵向流
16、动,因此有害气体的浓度在动,一般不发生纵向流动,因此有害气体的浓度在隧道轴线方向的分布均匀。该通风方式有利于防止隧道轴线方向的分布均匀。该通风方式有利于防止火灾蔓延和处理烟雾。但需设置送风道和排风道,火灾蔓延和处理烟雾。但需设置送风道和排风道,增加建设费用和运营费用。增加建设费用和运营费用。v半横向式通风半横向式通风v半横向式通风的特点是新鲜空气经送风道直接吹向汽半横向式通风的特点是新鲜空气经送风道直接吹向汽车的排气孔高度附近,直接稀释排气,污染空气在隧车的排气孔高度附近,直接稀释排气,污染空气在隧道上部扩散,经过两端洞门排出洞外。半横向式通风,道上部扩散,经过两端洞门排出洞外。半横向式通风,
17、因仅设置送风道,所以较为经济。因仅设置送风道,所以较为经济。v(3)soft rock v v(4)underwaterv6 Tunnel Planning tunnel engineers need to consider following factors:v(1)soil and rock types v(2)weak beds and zones v(3)groundwater v(4)special hazardsvAlmost every tunnel is a solution to a specific challenge or problem.vIn many cases,t
18、hat challenge is an obstacle that a roadway or railway must bypass.vThey might be bodies of water,mountains or other transportation routes.vEven cities,with little open space available for new construction,can be an obstacle that engineers must tunnel beneath to avoid.vWhy we use tunnel to solve the
19、 problem of transportation?vSometimes,tunnels offer a safer solution than other structures(?).vHow a tunnel is built depends heavily on the material through which it must pass.vTunneling through soft ground,for instance,requires very different techniques than tunneling through hard rock or soft rock
20、,such as shale,chalk or sandstone.vTunneling underwater,the most challenging of all environments,demands a unique approach that would be impossible or impractical to implement above ground.vThats the reason why planning is so important to a successful tunnel project.vEngineers conduct a thorough geo
展开阅读全文