高中英语新外研版必修二基础知识讲解（分单元编排非常全面）.docx

1、高中英语必修二基础知识讲解Unit 1I. 基础知识讲解一、单词转换1.marriage n.婚姻marry v.嫁，娶，结婚2.related adj.有关系的，相关的relate v.与有联系，相关联 relative n.亲戚relation n.关系3.addict n.对着迷的人addicted adj.入迷的，上瘾的4.differ v.不同，有区别 different adj.不同的5.slightly adv.略微，稍微slight adj.轻微的，少量的6.recommend v.推荐recommendation n.推荐信7.satisfying adj.令人高兴的，令人满

2、意的satisfy v.使满足，使满意 satisfied adj.感到满意的satisfaction n.满意8. horrible adj.糟糕的 horribly adv.可怕地，非常地二、重点单词讲解1.gather v.聚集gather的基本意思是“(使)人或物聚在一起”,可表示“聚集,采集,积聚,恢复”等义,可用于有形物,也可用于无形物,还可作“把围住,拉紧”“打褶子”解。gather引申可以表示“推断”。He gathered a big crowd around him. 他周围围了一大群人。They gathered the leaves for burning. 他们把树叶

3、扫拢烧掉。I gather hes ill, and thats why he hasnt come. 我猜是他病了，所以还没有来。2.typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 【考点归纳】be typical of典型的，特有的It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事。typically adv.通常，一般；典型地；果然【例句】Since Im here，Id like to try typical dishes of this country.既然来了，我想品尝这个国家的特色菜。Both of us had the qualitie

4、s and virtues that are typical of actors.我们两个都具有演员典型的品质和优点。【对接高考】单句语法填空Typically，he would come late and then say that he had to go early.他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。type n.类型 v.打字3.convenient adj.方便的，便利的It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事。名师点津：convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it

5、is convenient for you表示，而不是when you are convenient。【例句】It is convenient for people to do some shopping online now.现在人们网上购物很方便。Please come to see me at your convenience.Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you.请在你方便时来看我。If it is convenient，Ill go to see him this weekend.如果方便，我这个周末去看他。conv

6、eniently adv.便利地convenience n.便利；方便for convenience为方便起见at sb.s convenience在某人方便时4.adapt v.使适应，使适合；改写，改编【考点归纳】adapt oneself to适应adapt A for B将A改编为Badapt A from B根据B改编A【例句】It took him a while to adapt himself to the new surroundings.他过了好一阵子才适应新环境。【对接高考】完成句子It is said that the TV play is adapted from a

7、 novel.据说这部电视剧改编自一部小说。Three of her novels have been adapted for television by a famous director.她的三部小说已被一位著名导演改编成电视剧。adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change.成功的企业高度适应经济变化。adaptation n.适应；改编本，改写本Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples

8、of climate adaptation.这里我要强调一些在气候适应方面更聪明、更具创造性的例子。三、重点短语1.be shocked by/at.对感到震惊 【考点归纳】shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊be a shock to.使震惊shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊be shocked that.对感到震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的【例句】All of us are shocked at his situation in the company.我们大家都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。【对

9、接高考】单句语法填空I was shocked to hear the news that he had been fired.听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。The ending of this play is very shocking.这出戏的结局真令人震惊。【一句多译】这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。The news made the people at the meeting very shocked.The people at the meeting were shocked at/by the news.2.sort n.种类；方式v.分类；挑选【考点归纳】sort out 分类；整

10、理；(从中)挑选出sort out.from. 把从中挑选/辨别出来a sort of 一种all sorts of 各种各样的sort of 有点儿，有几分；稍微(作副词用，修饰其后的形容词和动词)【例句】He spent an hour sorting out the emails he had received.他花了一个小时将他收到的电子邮件分类。We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.咱们得把好的苹果拣出来，同坏的那些分开。【对接高考】完成句子Sort out the following messages that are

11、 mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses.把下面混乱的信息整理成含有定语从句的完整的句子。There are all sorts of flowers in the garden in the center of the city.在城市中心的花园里有各种各样的花。He looked sort of bored with the film and left the cinema without finishing it.他看上去对这部电影有点厌烦，没看完就离开了电影院。3.suffer from 遭受

12、；忍受；患病 【考点归纳】suffer vt.& vi.遭受，蒙受；受苦；感到疼痛suffer loss/pain遭受损失/痛苦suffering n.痛苦，疼痛；苦难；折磨sufferer n .患病者；受苦者【易混辨析】suffer，suffer fromsuffer指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词。suffer from指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词。注意：二

13、者一般不用于被动语态。【例句】The people in this country have suffered a lot because of the war.战争让这个国家的人民深受其害。【对接高考】完成句子The patient said that he had suffered from a bad back.那个病人说他患过背疼。The new plant cant suffer the cold weather，so the researchers are trying to deal with it.这种新植物不能经受寒冷的天气，所以研究人员正在设法处理。4.deal with

14、对付；处理；安排；涉及，论及，关于；和做生意【考点归纳】deal with与do with都有“处理”之意，但deal with常与how连用；do with常与what连用。【例句】How are you going to deal with the air pollution of this area?你们打算怎样处理这一地区的空气污染？【对接高考】完成句子I hear that such people are difficult to deal with.我听说，这种人不好对付。This is a book dealing with the planting of flowers and

15、 trees in Africa.这是一本有关非洲花草树木种植的书籍。【一句多译】交通事故发生后你怎样处理？How do you deal with a traffic accident after it happens?What do you do with a traffic accident after it happens?e across 偶然发现;偶然遇见【词汇拓展】come about发生;引起come along一道来;进展;表现;出现come back回来;反驳;回答;再现记忆come from来自come off脱落,掉下;发生;成功come out出来;出版,发表come

16、 through 通过;安然渡过come up走近,接近;显现;出现come up with想出;提出;赶上6.thanks to由于，幸亏 【例句】Thanks to your help，I am successful in the end.多亏了你的帮助，我最终成功了。They moved here because of the baby.他们为了孩子而搬家到这里。【对接高考】完成句子Thanks to his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.多亏了他的帮助，我的演出才如此成功，人人都为我喝彩。表示

17、“由于，因为”的短语还有：because of，owing to，due to，on account of7.与amaze/amazement有关的短语(1)be amazed to do sth.惊奇地做某事(2)be amazed at/by.对大为惊奇(3)to ones amazementto the amazement of sb.令某人惊奇的是8.remind.of.使想起【考点归纳】remind sb.that.提醒某人remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事【例句】The pictures reminded me of my school days.这些照片使我想

18、起了学生时代。I reminded him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。【对接高考】单句语法填空Remind me to write to my mother if I forget it.如果我忘了，请提醒我给妈妈写信。Reminded not to speak loud in the library，the students lowered their voice.被提醒不要在图书馆大声说话，学生们降低了声音。9.belong to 属于 【考点归纳】belong to属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代

19、词或名词作宾语。【例句】Think of the people who belong to book groups.想想那些属于图书小组的人。The house belonging to my grandfather was sold yesterday.属于我爷爷的那套房子昨天被卖掉了。belongings n.所有物；财产Later，he took all his belongings to France.后来，他带着全部财产去了法国。10.bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐【考点归纳】bring in引进；获利；赚钱bring out出版；使显现bring about引起；导致

20、bring down使倒下；减少；降低【例句】He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。【对接高考】单句语法填空We need to bring in some new blood.我们需要输入一些新鲜血液。His carelessness brought about his failure in the exam. 他的粗心导致了考试的失败。Could you please bring down the price a little?你把价格降一点好吗？【一词多义

21、】写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思(1)The old woman brought up five children.养育(2)David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教导(3)The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.呕吐11.such as例如，比如【考点归纳】for example 例如that is 即【易混辨析】such as，for example such as用来罗列同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但其后不能用逗号。for examp

22、le强调举例说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。【例句】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。【对接高考】完成句子The farm grows many kinds of crops，such as wheat，corn，cotton and rice.这个农场种植很多种庄稼，例如小麦、玉米、棉花和水稻。A lot of people he

23、re，for example，Mr John，would rather have coffee.这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。I have two friends.That is，Tom and Lucy.我有两个朋友，即汤姆和露西。12.pick up v.捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得【考点归纳】pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选pick on故意挑剔；故意找茬pick out挑选出pick sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事【例句】Its not easy to pick out the best actor for

24、 this play，because theyre all so good.要在这出戏里选出最佳演员可真不容易，因为他们都演得十分出色。They always pick on her when anything goes wrong.每当事情出了什么差错，他们总是责怪她。When I was in the third grade，I was picked to be the princess in the school play.在三年级时，我被选为校园剧中的公主。【一词多义】写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思He picked up the child and put her on hi

25、s shoulders.抱起But we have to survive，so I have to pick myself up，and then continue my work.振作精神The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.开车接Shes talking with the man she picked up on holiday.偶然结识She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.学会四、重点句式1.Growing up in England with a British

26、 father and a Chinese mother，Ive enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and forkand chopsticks.我在英国长大，父亲是英国人，母亲是中国人，自从我能拿起刀叉和筷子，我就喜欢上了两国的食物。ever since意为“自那以后”;用作时间状语,可以单独使用,也可以接名词或句子作宾语。She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since.她三年前毕业,从那时起一直

27、当护士。【温馨提示】(1)ever since的用法和since完全一致,它们之后的从句要用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。(2)It is/has been+一段时间+since.意为“自从以来已经多久了”,since后面的句子用一般过去时;如前面是It was+一段时间,since.后面的句子要用过去完成时。It is three years since his brother joined the army.他哥哥参军三年了。It was ten years since he had left his hometown.他离开家乡十年了。2.He must have thought I

28、was joking.他一定认为我在开玩笑。【考点归纳】本句中must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。属于“情态动词have过去分词”结构。“情态动词have过去分词”的其他形式：should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做”；shouldnt have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了”。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。can/could

29、 have done表示“本来可以做而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。neednt have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。【例句】He must have been punished，for he is upset today.他肯定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。【对接高考】完成句子You shouldnt have taken away my dictionary，for I wanted to use it.你本不应该拿走我的字典，因为我要用它。H

30、e should have started earlier，but he didnt.他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。They cant have left；it was raining so heavily then.雨下得很大，他们不可能离开了。You neednt have come；I have finished the work.你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。3.To me，theres nothing better than a crosscultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong

31、 tea in a fine china cup!对我来说，没有什么比英式饼干和在瓷杯里泡一杯乌龙茶这种跨文化的下午茶更好的了！【考点归纳】本句中nothing better than为形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为“再也没有比这更的了”。【例句】In my opinion，nothing is more pleasant than traveling.在我看来，没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。Did you sleep well last night in our hotel，Mr

32、Smith?Never better，like a rock.史密斯先生，你昨夜在我们旅馆睡得好吗？从没这么好过，睡得很沉。【对接高考】单句语法填空I have never spent a more worrying day.我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。4.As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat，but I just dont have the time or the energy right now.作为一名医生，我知道我最好改变我的饮食方式，但我现在没有时间和精力。【考点归纳】the way I eat我的饮食方

33、式，这里I eat作the way的定语。way作“方式”解，且其关系词在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句用in which或that引导，也可省略关系词。当the/a way后面的定语从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。【例句】I hate the way (that/in which) you answer back with your mother.我讨厌你那样和妈妈顶嘴。【对接高考】单句语法填空I dont like the way that/in which you talk to your children.我不喜欢你和孩子们谈话的方式。5.Someti

34、mes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.有时我从我工作的餐馆带食物回家。【考点归纳】这是一个复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，在从句中作状语，这里的where可用“in which”替换。当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时关系词在从句作地点状语时，定语从句需用关系副词where来引导。除了具体的地点名词外，当先行词为system，case，point，position，situation，stage，condition，industr

35、y，activity，job，race，scene，circumstance等抽象的地点名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，也常用where引导定语从句。【例句】Then we moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.然后我们搬到了巴黎，我们在那里住了六年。【对接高考】单句语法填空Students should take part in some activities where they can gain experience.学生们应该参加一些他们能获得经验的活动。Unit 2一、单词转换1.decorate v.装饰，美化decoratio

36、n n.装饰物2.inequality n.不平等equality n.平等equal adj.平等的equally adv.平等地3.limitless adj.无限的limit v.限制limited adj.有限的4.regular adj.频繁的，经常的regularly adv.频繁地，经常地5.warning n.警告，警示warn v.警告6.starving adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的starve v.挨饿7.attract v.吸引，引起的兴趣attraction n.吸引petition n.比赛，竞赛compete v.比赛，竞赛 9.admit v.承认admitted

37、 adj.公认的；被承认了的10.retired adj.退休的retire v.退休11.exist v.存在，实际上有existence n.存在二、重点词汇1.honour v.向表示敬意do sb honour/do honour to sb向某人致敬;给某人带来荣誉do sb the honour of doing sth使增光;赏光in honour of纪念feel it an honour to do sth做某事感到荣幸feel honoured to do sth做某事感到荣幸【温馨提示】honour表示“荣誉;光荣”时是不可数名词,表示“使人感到光荣的事或人” 或“荣幸”

38、 时是可数名词。2.decoration n.装饰物decorate vt.装饰decorate sth with sth用来装饰decorate sb for sth因某事授予某人奖章People have decorated their houses with coloured lights to celebrate Christmas.人们把房子装饰上彩灯来庆祝圣诞节。3.regard v.认为,看作have regard for尊敬regard sb as 把看作pay/show regard尊重with/in regard to关于send ones regards问候【温馨提示】(

39、1)regard表示“关心”“关怀”等,是不可数名词;表示“尊重”“赞赏”,也是不可数名词。 He is a warm-hearted man and always shows regard for the poor.他是个热心人,总是关注穷人。(2)表示“问候”,要用复数形式。 Please give him my (best) regards.请代我向他问好。plain v.抱怨,不满,发牢骚complain (to sb) of/about (doing) sth(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事;(向某人)发牢骚complain (to sb) that.(向某人)抱怨complaint

40、n.抱怨;投诉;控告make a complaint about/of sth抱怨/投诉某事make a complaint to sb向某人抱怨/投诉5.request n.请求,要求make a request for sth/that.请求;要求at ones request应某人的要求request sb to do sth请求某人做某事request that.(should) do sth请求It is requested that.(should) do sth据要求6.attract v.吸引,引起的兴趣attract sb to.把某人吸引到(to是介词)attract on

41、es attention吸引某人的注意力be attracted by被所吸引attraction n.吸引(力);具有吸引力的人或事物have no/a little/much attraction for sb对某人没有/有一点/很有吸引力attractive adj.有吸引力的;引起注意的;引起兴趣的petition n.比赛,竞赛compete in参加比赛;在方面竞争compete for 为而竞争compete with/against.for 为争取而与对抗/竞争competition n.比赛;竞争in competition with 与进行竞争competitor n.竞争

42、者;对手competitive adj.有竞争力的8.admit v.(不情愿地)承认admit sth/doing sth承认某事/做某事admit+n./pron.+to be.承认是 admit sb/sth into/to.允许某人/物进入;成为中的一员be admitted as.作为被接受admission n.进入;入场费;承认9.effort n.力气,精力make an effort to do sth努力做某事spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事with great effort努力It takes effort to do sth做某事需要努

43、力through sbs efforts经过某人的努力10.occasion n.场合,时刻on occasion有时;偶尔;间或on no occasion决不(放在句首时引起部分倒装)on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候on the occasion of在的时候;在之际occasionally adv.有时;偶尔occasional adj. 偶尔的;有时的11.exist v.存在,实际上有exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生there exist(s).某地有;存在existence n.存在;生存come into existence产生;成立

44、;开始存在existing adj. 现存的;现行的三、重点句式1.That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.这就是为什么圣诞老人的信对那些将圣诞节视为一年中的特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。【句式剖析】This/That is why.意为“这/那就是的原因”,why引导表语从句,表示结果。2.The letters did,however,change as Tolkiens chil

45、dren got older:然而,随着托尔金的孩子长大,这些信件确实发生了变化:【句式剖析】句中的did是加强语气的助动词,强调的是句中的谓语动词,由于句子是一般过去时,所以助动词用did。3.I dont think thats Lucy.我认为那不是露西。【句式剖析】该句是一个否定前移的句型。当主句为I/We think (suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine)+that-clause时,如果宾语从句中带有否定意义,通常要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上来,从而构成否定前移。【句式拓展】(1)主句的主语为第一人称时,否定前移句型的反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。(2)主句的主语是第二或第三人称时,反意疑问句则要与主句保持一致。4.Nowadays,some people choose to have the dinner in a restaurant,but not everyone is keen on this idea.现在,有些人选择在餐馆吃饭,但不是每个人都喜欢这个主意。【句式剖析】not everyone is keen on this idea是一个表达部分否定意义的句型,not everyone=everyone.not,表示 “并非每一个人都