《神经传导路》PPT课件(PPT 82页).pptx
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1、 Nervous Pathway 第1页,共82页。.The Sensory(Ascending)Pathways)The deep sensory(or the proprioceptive)pathways1.The conscious deep sensory pathways1.The conscious deep sensory pathways1).The deep sensory and fine touch 1).The deep sensory and fine touch pathways of trunk and limbspathways of trunk and li
2、mbsThe first neurons:spinal ganglionThe second neurons:gracile and cuneate nucleiThe first neurons:ventroposterior lateral nucleusDecussation of medial lemniscusLesion:hemiplegia 第2页,共82页。Receptors Receptors muscles tendon periosteum and jointSpinal nerve(peripheral processes)Spinal gangliaThe first
3、 neuronsDorsal roots(medial bundle)(Central processes:fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis)Gracile and Gracile and cuneate nucleicuneate nuclei The second The second neuronsneuronsthalamocortical tractthalamocortical tractRunning through the Running through the posterior limb of the posterior limb of th
4、e internal capsuleinternal capsuleCortex of the Cortex of the cerebrumcerebrumDecussation of medial lemniscusThe third neuronsThe third neuronsVentroposterior Ventroposterior lateral nucleuslateral nucleusMedial lemniscus,through the medulla oblongata pons and midbrain第3页,共82页。2.The unconscious deep
5、 sensory pathway2.The unconscious deep sensory pathwayReceptors Receptors muscles tendon periosteum and jointSpinal nerve(peripheral processes)Spinal gangliaThe first neuronsDorsal roots(Central processes)Thoracic nucleus of C8-Thoracic nucleus of C8-C12 and lateral part of C12 and lateral part of l
6、aminalamina-of lumbosacral enlargement The second neuronsThe second neuronsThe anterior and posterior The anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tractsspinocerebellar tractsBy way of the superior and By way of the superior and inferior cerebellar pedunclesinferior cerebellar pedunclesCortex of the C
7、ortex of the cerebellumcerebellum第4页,共82页。)The superficial sensory pathways1.The superficial sensory pathway of trunk and limbs1.The superficial sensory pathway of trunk and limbs1).The pathway concerned with pain and 1).The pathway concerned with pain and thermal sensationsthermal sensationsThe fir
8、st neurons:spinal ganglionThe second neurons:nucleus propriusThe first neurons:ventroposterior lateral nucleusCross through the anterior white commissure 第5页,共82页。Receptors Receptors Cutaneous exteroceptor of the trunk and limbsSpinal nerve(peripheral processes)Spinal gangliaThe first neuronsDorsal
9、roots(lateral bundle)(Central processes:dorsolateral fasciculus)Nucleus Nucleus propriusproprius The second The second neuronsneuronsthalamocortical tractthalamocortical tractRunning through the Running through the posterior limb of the posterior limb of the internal capsuleinternal capsuleCortex of
10、 the Cortex of the cerebrumcerebrumCross through the anterior white commissure and form the lateral spinothalamicThe third neuronsThe third neuronsVentroposterior Ventroposterior lateral nucleuslateral nucleusRun upward within one or two segments2).The rude tactile and pressure sensation pathway2).T
11、he rude tactile and pressure sensation pathwayThe route is almost same as the pain and thermal pathway except for a little difference.第6页,共82页。.The superficial sensory pathway of head and faceReceptor Receptor skinskinmucosamucosaPeripheral Peripheral processesprocessesTrigeminal Trigeminal ganglion
12、ganglionThe first neuronsThe first neuronsCentral processes Central processes enter the ponsenter the ponsSpinal nucleus of trigeminal Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nervenerve(pain and thermalpain and thermal)、)、pontine nucleus of pontine nucleus of trigeminal nervetrigeminal nerve(tactile tactile an
13、d pressureand pressure)The second The second neurons neurons 第7页,共82页。trigeminal trigeminal lemniscuslemniscusVentroposterior Ventroposterior medial nucleusmedial nucleusThe third neuronsThe third neuronsThalamocortical Thalamocortical tracttractPosterior limb of the internal capsule Inferior part o
14、f the Inferior part of the postcentral gyruspostcentral gyrus第8页,共82页。)The visual pathways第9页,共82页。1.Visual pathways1.Visual pathwaysReceptor Receptor Rod and cone cellsBipolar cells Bipolar cells The first neuronsThe first neuronsGanglionic cellsGanglionic cellsThe second The second neuronsneuronsO
15、ptic nerve,optic chiasma,optic tractPartial decussatuion of the fibers from the nasal halves of the retinaLateral geniculate bodyLateral geniculate bodyThe third The third neuronsneuronsOptic radiationOptic radiationPosterior limb of Posterior limb of the internal the internal capsulecapsuleBoth bac
16、k Both back of the of the calcarine calcarine sulcussulcus第10页,共82页。第11页,共82页。第12页,共82页。第13页,共82页。2.Pupillary reflexes(the direct pupillary light reflex and indirect pupillary light reflex)Retina Retina Optic nerveOptic nerveOptic Optic chiasmachiasmaBilateral Bilateral optic tractoptic tractBrachiu
17、m of Brachium of superior superior colliculus colliculus Pretectal Pretectal areaareaAccessory Accessory nucleus of nucleus of oculomotor oculomotor nervenerveOculomotor nerveCliary Cliary ganglionganglionPostganglionic Postganglionic fibersfibersSphincter of Sphincter of the iristhe iris第14页,共82页。第
18、15页,共82页。)Acoustic pathwayReceptorReceptorCorti organ Cochlear ganglionCochlear ganglionThe first neuronThe first neuronCochlear nerve through the niternal acoustic meatusCochlear nucleiCochlear nucleiThe second The second neuronsneuronsTrapezoid bodyLateral lemniscusLateral lemniscusMedial genicula
19、te bodyMedial geniculate bodyThe third neuronsThe third neuronsAcoustic Acoustic radiation radiation Transverse Transverse temporal gyritemporal gyri第16页,共82页。.The Motor (Descending)PathwaysThe motor pathways include pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.Upper motor neuronsLower motor neurons第17页,共82
20、页。)The pyrmidal system1.The corticospinal tract:arising from the giant pyramidal cells and arising from the giant pyramidal cells and certain other smaller cells of the superior and certain other smaller cells of the superior and middle parts of the precentral gyrus and middle parts of the precentra
21、l gyrus and anterior part of the paracental lobule.anterior part of the paracental lobule.course the posterior limb of internal course the posterior limb of internal capsule,intermediate 3/5 of the crus cerebri,the capsule,intermediate 3/5 of the crus cerebri,the basilar part of the pons.basilar par
22、t of the pons.form the pyramidal decussation(70-90%)and form the pyramidal decussation(70-90%)and continues as the lateral corticospinal tractin continues as the lateral corticospinal tractin opposite side.opposite side.uncrossed fibers form the anterior corticospinal uncrossed fibers form the anter
23、ior corticospinal tract.tract.第18页,共82页。2.The corticonuclear tract:arising from the inferior part of the precentral gyrus.course through the genu of internal capsule and the brain stem.gives rise to the collaterals to the bilateral oculomotor,trochlear,trigeminal motor,ambiguus,accessory nuclei and
24、superior part of the facial nucleus,and to the contralateral hypoglossal nucleus and the inferior part of the facial nucleus.第19页,共82页。Supranuclear paralysis(spastic paralysis or hard paralysis)Infranuclear paralysis(flaccid paralysis or soft paralysis)This patient with right facial nerve paralysis
25、cannot close the right eye.On smiling,the right side of his face is immobile.He is unable to wrnkle the forehead.This patient with right facial nerve paralysis cannot close the right eye.On smiling,the right side of his face is immobile with a flattened nasolabial fold.第20页,共82页。)The extrapyramidal
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