偏瘫良肢位的摆放课件.ppt
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- 偏瘫 良肢位 摆放 课件
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1、The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.内三科内三科 王丽君王丽君2014.12.162014.12.16The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xia
2、opings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.概述概述 脑卒中是威胁人类生命健康的一种主要的疾病,主要就是指的脑动脉系统病变引起的血管痉挛、闭塞或者是破裂而造成急性发展的脑局部循环障碍,根据发病的部位不同,可以出现单瘫、偏瘫、四肢瘫,其中以偏瘫为主。主要表现就是以瘫痪为主的肢体功能障碍。脑卒中患者生存质量的
3、高低取决于瘫痪肢体功能恢复的程度,为了能够让脑卒中患者尽可能的恢复到功能障碍前的状态,一般会采取一系列有效的措施,对他们进行精心的照顾。2The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.概述概述 良肢位摆放对于脑
4、卒中患者的恢复,具有极其重要的作用。对于脑卒中患者发病后早期给予良肢位设计与摆放的重要性,美国“脑卒中康复护理临床指南”强调:发病后早期有效的康复干预能促进肢体功能的恢复过程,减轻功能残障,从而降低后续的长期的护理成本。对于脑卒中患者良肢位的设计与摆放,护理人员会按照患者肢体功能所处的阶段不同,而采取不同的方法,并且会贯穿于康复护理的全过程。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 1
5、6th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.概述概述 正确的卧位姿势在康复医学中称为良肢位。良肢位的摆放是基本康复手段的一种。顾名思义,它是为了保持肢体的良好功能而将其摆放在一种位置或保持一种姿势。4The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th
6、CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.不正确的卧位姿势可诱发加重痉挛,进而引发关节挛缩,导致患者严重的功能障碍。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary s
7、ession of the 16th CPC Central Committee.良肢位摆放的意义良肢位摆放的意义 促进运动功能恢复 减少残障的发生 提高病人的生活生命质量。预防压疮 使患者感觉舒适6The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC
8、Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,t
9、he important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National C
10、ongress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.偏瘫后常见的异常姿态偏瘫后常见的异常姿态下肢可出现的典型姿势是:u患侧骨盆上抬、且向后方旋转、下肢外旋;u髋膝关节伸展;u踝关节趾屈、内翻,足尖着地。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress
11、 and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.站立位的异常姿势:站立位的异常姿势
12、:u头向患侧屈曲,面部转向健头向患侧屈曲,面部转向健侧;侧;u躯干向患侧弯曲且向后方旋躯干向患侧弯曲且向后方旋转;转;u肩下沉后缩,肩关节内收、肩下沉后缩,肩关节内收、内旋;内旋;u肘关节屈曲于胸腹前,前臂肘关节屈曲于胸腹前,前臂旋前;旋前;u垂腕、手指屈曲呈握拳状。垂腕、手指屈曲呈握拳状。偏瘫后常见的异常姿态偏瘫后常见的异常姿态The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CP
13、C National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.偏瘫患者良肢位摆放的开始时间偏瘫患者良肢位摆放的开始时间 多数研究者认为在患者生命体征稳定,神经学症状不再发展后48h可进行。患者病情稳定在监护病房就应该进行。康复越早,肢体功能恢复越好。13The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit
14、of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.偏瘫患者良肢位摆放的开始时间偏瘫患者良肢位摆放的开始时间 有研究者认为脑卒中偏瘫患者康复护理介入时间越早越好,因为肢体功能在脑卒中后3个月内恢复最快,在神经功能恢复的高峰期给予强化训练,即在入院急性期在治疗的同时进行良肢位的摆放并坚持全过程。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thou
15、ght of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.良肢位摆放的常用方法良肢位摆放的常用方法l仰卧位l健侧卧位l患侧卧位l床上坐位l3种姿势(2H)轮换,最好多采取侧卧位,仰卧位一般要相对少采用。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of thr
16、ee represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.患者头下垫枕,不宜过高患者头下垫枕,不宜过高 。肩胛骨下放一枕头,使肩上抬前挺,上臂外肩胛骨下放一枕头,使肩上抬前挺,上臂外旋稍外展,肘、腕均伸直,掌心向上,手指旋稍外展,肘、腕均伸直,掌心向上,手指伸直并分开,整个上肢放在枕头上。伸直并分开,整个上肢放在枕头上。患侧下肢,在臀部和大腿外侧垫枕头,患侧下肢,在臀部和大腿外侧垫枕头,髋关节稍向内旋
17、。髋关节稍向内旋。膝关节呈轻度屈曲位。膝关节呈轻度屈曲位。脚底不要接触任何东西脚底不要接触任何东西 。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be
18、guided by Deng Xiaopings theory,the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.注意事项注意事项 避免被子太重而压迫偏瘫足造成足尖的避免被子太重而压迫偏瘫足造成足尖的外旋,足底此时不垫物是为了协助患者外旋,足底此时不垫物是为了协助患者活动踝关节以防止足下垂。活动踝关节以防止足下垂。避免使用过高的枕头,头部
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