内分泌英语讲课-专业英语课件.ppt

1、Endocrine system Sun chenglinChapter 2Endocrine System WordsPineal/pnil Hypothalamus/hapolmsPituitary/ptutjuriThyroid/ardParathytoids/prardThymus/amsAdrenal/drinlPancreas/pkrisOvary/uvriTestes/testi:zEndocrine System Review The endocrine system consists of discrete individual glands and tissues that

2、 produce and secrete chemical messengers called hormones.Hormones enter the blood stream for dispersal throughout the body.They exert effects only on specific cells,called target cells,that possess receptors for them.Hormones ReceptorsHormones influence target cells by binding toSpecific receptors.T

3、he hormone receptor interaction Initiates the process of transforming the chemical message into the response of the cell.Endocrine System Glands and HormonesIn this topic we will review some of the well established endocrine glands and tissues,some of the hormones they produced,and a simple function

4、 for each.Glands and Hormones ENDOCRINE GLANDHORMONES SECRETEDPineal GlandMelatoninPituitary GlandGrowth hormone（GH）Thyroid-stimulating hormone（TSH）Adrenocorticotropin hormone（ACTH）follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH）Luteinizing hormone（LH）ProlactinVasopressinGlands and Hormones ENDOCRINE GLANDHORMONES

5、 SECRETEDhypothalamusThyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)DopamineGHRHSomatostatinCorticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)OxytocinVasopressinThyroid GlandTriiodothyronine(T3)Thyroxine(T4)Glands and Hormones ENDOCRINE GLANDHORMONES SECRETEDAdrenal Glands(cortex and medulla)GlucocorticoidMineralocorticoidAnd

6、rogenAdrenalineNoradrenalineTestes(male)Androgen(testosterone)Ovaries(female)EstrogenProgesteronePancreasInsulinGlucagonHormones are also produced by endocrine cells located in organs that have non-endocrine fuction.We refer to these as endocrine tissues.They include the brain,heart,kidney and gastr

7、ointestinalTract.Endocrine TissuesEndocrine FeedbackA signal is sent from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in the form of a releasing hormone Which in turn slows the secretion by the target gland.Endocrine FeedbackHypothalamus secretes TRH,which causes the pituitary to release TSH,which cause

8、s the thyroid gland to secrete T4.When the body has enough thyroid hormone in the blood,T4 feeds back to the hypothalamus and pituitary and causes a decrease in secretion of TRH and TSH.Endocrine GlandsPituitary GlandPosteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryEndocrine GlandsPituitary GlandThe hormones secr

9、eted by the posterior pituitary are actually produced in the brain and Carried to the pituitary gland through nerves.They are stored in the pituitary gland.Hormones released:Oxytocin VasopressinEndocrine GlandsThyroid GlandTSH controls secretion of T3 and T4TSH promotes growth of the thyroid glandTR

10、H is essential for secretion of TSH Bone growth,development of brain nervous system in children.Hyperthyroidism:hyperphagia/sweating/tachycardia/nervousness/weight lossHypothyroidism:anorexia/dry skin/fatigue/myxedema Endocrine GlandsParathyroid GlandFour small masses of epithelial tissue are embedd

11、ed in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid glands.Parathyroid hormone(PTH)secreted by the parathyroid glands affects calcium metabolism.Endocrine GlandsAdrenal GlandAdrenal cortex secrete:GlucocorticoidsMineralocorticoidsSex hormonesAdrenal medulla secrete:Epinephrin

12、e(adrenaline)Norepinephrine(noradrenaline)Endocrine GlandsPancreasThe specialized cells in the pancreas called the islets carry on endocrine function.The islets produces two hormones insulin and glucagon.Both of these hormones regulate sugar metabolism in the body.Endocrine GlandsGonadsThe ovarian h

13、ormones are estradiol(an estrogen)and progesterone,which contribute to the development and function of the female reproductive organs and sex characteristics.The testes produce the male hormone called testosterone,which promotes growth and maintenance secondary sexual characteristics in the male.End

14、ocrine GlandsPineal GlandThe gland produces a single hormone called melatomin,which influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty and may play a role in the regulation of circadian rhythms.The gland produces a single hormone called thymosin,which is important in the development of the im

15、mune response in newborns.Endocrine GlandsThymusThymusIGF-II Restores Rapamycin-induced Suppression of B-cell Differentiation and Expansion of Adult Pancreas Stem Cells Sun chenglinIntroduction Introduction Introduction Rapa 1.5 Rapa 1.0 Rapa 0.5 ControlIsletIntroduction Materials and MethodsControl

16、 groupRapa treatment groupsRapa plus IGF-II groupD0D8HarvestNPCC isolationD-4Disperse NPCC Medium changeand TreatmentIn vitroControl groupRapa treatment groupsNPCC isolation8 weekD7Transplant to kidney capsuleHarvestMaterials and MethodsIn vivoResultsInsulin/PanCKInsulinPanCK80100120140160180200Cont

17、rolRapa 0.5Rapa 1.0Blood glucose concentration(mg/dl)0 30 60 90 120 Time(min)*ResultsIPGTTResultsRNAProteinRNA IGF-II treatment influence the expression of pancreas transcription factors,including PDX-1 and Beta2,and restores the expansion and differentiation of porcine NPCCs under rapamycin treatment conditions.Conclusion