动词不定式-课件.ppt

1、动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,区别于谓区别于谓语动词。语动词。一、动词不定式在句子中一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语不能充当谓语，没没有人称和数的变化。有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成(有时可以不带有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的动词不定式的否定形式否定形式是是“not+动词不定动词不定式式”。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to

2、do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2

3、.放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。It is important to master a foreign language.It is right to give up smokingfor us To do 作主语，常用it 作形式主语，to do真正的主语放在句末。It is adj.for sb to do sth(necessary/important/easy/difficult/possible)如形容词是用来形容人，则介词用of It is adj.of sb to do sth(kind,good,nice,foolish,clever,silly wrong,stupid,c

4、onsiderate,rude,impolite)作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1.Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。一一.通常要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有通常要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有:wish，hope，prepare,manage，ask，offer，promise，expect,pretend，decide,intend等

5、。等。二二.有时可以用有时可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正作宾作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在后面。语的动词不定式放在后面。It is+adj.(of/for sb)to do sth例如：例如：I find it hard to persuade her.常用动词：常用动词：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider He made it a rule to read English every day.I find it hard for me to master a foreign language.三三.有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语有些动

6、词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又接动名又接动名词作宾语词作宾语,但意义不同。如但意义不同。如remember,forget,stop,try,regret,mean 等。等。例如：例如：I remember locking the door.（lock 动作已经发生）动作已经发生）Please remember to lock the door when you leave.（lock 动作还没有发生）动作还没有发生）作表语作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1.我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作

7、定语a.动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语。动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语。如：如：I have many letters to answer.b.但如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词时，但如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后面加上适当的介词。要在其后面加上适当的介词。如：如：She has only a cold room to live in.c.动词不定式作定语还可表示将来发生的动作动词不定式作定语还可表示将来发生的动作。如：如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be of great importance。作状语作状语He spoke lo

8、udly(so as/in order)to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.They hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语有时为了加强语气，不定有时为了加强语气，不定式可以提前到句首，但是式可以提前到句首，但是 so as to 不能放在句首不能放在句首。作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay ther

9、e.1.她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：advise，ask，allow，expect，encourage，force，permit，order，persuade，request，tell，want，wish 等。等。有些动词后面的不定式作宾补时，有些动词后面的不定式作宾补时，不带不带to，如，如（感官类）（感官类）feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,noti

10、ce,observe.（使役动词）（使役动词）make,have,let,变成被动句，需还原变成被动句，需还原to:He was made to wear a mask.I heard them sing a pop song.The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football.注意注意 A.动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be la

11、te again.注意注意B.带疑问词的动词不定式在带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词前加疑问词,可当作名词用，作可当作名词用，作主语，宾语主语，宾语。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，的动词，只只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my

12、bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。1.在使役动词在使役动词 have,let,make 之后。之后。2.在感官动词在感官动词 feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,listen to,look at 之后。之后。3.在在 why 和和 why not 之后。之后。4.在其他结构之中。在其他结构之中。a.can do nothing but/except do have not

13、hing to do but/except wait have no choice but to waitb.cannot help but doc.cannot but do d.had better do sth e.would rather do sth f.help sb(to)do sth 或或 help(to)do 小结小结(省略省略to的情况的情况)To do 一般式 to do 被动 to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 否定式 not to do 逻辑主语 for sb to do sth

14、of动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1.I opened the door to enter the room.2.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.一般式一般式(to do).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式(to be doing)1.I am very glad to be working with you.2.Be quiet!They seem to be having clas

15、s.如果谓语表示的动作如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.如果谓语表示如果谓语表示的动作发生在的动作发生在不定式之前。不定式之前。动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式(to do/to be doing/to

16、 have done)1.We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99)to have studied B.to study C.made D.to make当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的动作的执行者执行者时时.动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式(to be done/to have been done)1.He didnt like to be laughed at.2

17、.He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海（上海98）being badly treated B.treating badlyA.C.to be treated badly D.to have been badly treated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的的动作的承受者承受者时时.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.A.not

18、 make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make 2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects高考题汇集高考题汇集：3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented C.having invented4.Allen

19、 had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to6.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this

20、 evening.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(2019上海高考上海高考)to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing8._late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep 9.With a lot of difficult p

21、roblems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled10.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing11.In order to gain a

22、 bigger share in the international market,many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made12.The teacher asked us_so much noise.A.dont make B.not makeC.not making D.not to make1.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot .A.turn

23、ing it off B.turn it off C.having turned it off D.to turn it off2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.Cleaned D.being c leaned3.Not everybody has the ability in public.A.of speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak练习练习4.Mary is always the first student4.Mary

24、is always the first student to answer the to answer the teachers questions in class.teachers questions in class.A.rising B.to rise A.rising B.to rise C.rose D.risenC.rose D.risen5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg 5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day?-_ _enough p

25、rotein and nutrition as you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be gettinggetting6.Would you be so kind6.Would you be so kind us out?-With pleasure.us out?-With pleasure.A.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to

26、 helpA.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to help7.Wet umbrellas are not allowedWet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule.A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking 8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I di

27、dnt know what 8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.country he studied in.A to have studied B to study A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying C to be studying D to have been studying9.In Australia he made a lot of friends9.In Australia h

28、e made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practical knowledge of English.practical knowledge of English.get B.getting C.to get D.got get B.getting C.to get D.got10.The patient was warmed _ oily food after 10.The patient was warmed _ oily food after the operation.the operation.A.to eat not B.eating no

29、t A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatingC.not to eat D.not eating11.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned 11.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned out yet.out yet.A.having met B.meeting A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met C.to meet D.to have met12.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He 12.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.always works hard.A.learn B.to learn A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learningC.learned D.learning