上海牛津版八年级下册Unit2 Water 同步讲义 解析版.docx

1、上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 2 Water单词听写free v. 愣住，吓住；结冰，凝固freezing adj. 极冷的frozen adj. 冰冻的comfort v. 安慰comfortable adj. 舒适的comfortably adv. 舒适地uncomfortably adv. 不舒服地，困难地loud adj. 大声的loudly adv. 大声地aloud v. 出声地impatient adj.不耐烦的impatience n. 不耐烦，急躁patient adj. 耐心的，忍耐的float v. 漂浮floating adj. 漂浮的，浮动的treatment

2、 v. 对待，处理treat v. 对待，治疗thorough adj. 彻底的thoroughly adv. 十分地，彻底地pump v./n. 抽，抽吸/泵reply n./v. 回复，答复exercise v./n. 运动，锻炼/ 练习scientific adj. 科学的science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家valuable adj. 有价值的valueless adj. 无价值的value n. 价值，重要性，数值complete adj./v. 完整的，完成incomplete adj. 不完整的completely adv. 完整地，十分increase v.

3、 增加decrease v. 减少own v./adj. 拥有，自己的owner n. 所有者，业主bathe v. 洗澡bath n. 浴缸，盆浴，洗澡一、词汇Words1.washbasin n. 洗脸盆 e.g. Water was pouring into the washbasin. 水正在流入洗脸盆。批注：wash“洗”basin “水池，盆”wash-basin合在一起就变成了洗脸盆。washbasin一般指固定在浴室中的洗脸盆，而厨房中的水槽则一般称为sink.2. vanish v. 消失，突然不见 e.g. I thought it would rain, but the

4、clouds have vanished and its a fine day. 我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。【常用搭配】 vanish into the air/from sight消失不见 vanish in darkness在黑暗中消失 vanish into nothing化为乌有批注：先让学生回忆以前学过的“消失”disappear，然后再讲解两者之间的区别1）vanish的语气强，指突然间化为乌有，强调非常彻底地，神秘地消失，失踪。Eg. The airplane vanished into the clouds. The man ran into the shop

5、 and vanished from sight.2）disapppear 是普通用词，语气没有vanish 强烈，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的/突然的或永久的，视情况而定。 Eg. When spring comes , the snow disappears .3. amount n.数量，数额 e.g. He spent a large amount of money on books. 他花了很多钱买书。【知识拓展】 an amount of 一定数量的 a large amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的批注：提问学生还有一个表示数量的

6、词是什么，如果学生不清楚，老师可以提示学生是数字那个单词number，然后再问问学生这两个词之间的区别，知道多少。接下来老师补充完整amount 修饰不可数名词 number修饰可数名词the number of “的数量”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式a number of “大量的，许多的” 做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。相当于 a lot of4. freeze v. 突然停止，惊呆 e.g. Fear made him freeze in his tracks. 恐惧使他突然停止前进。 He froze in front of the audience. 他在观众面前吓呆了。【知识拓展】 f

7、reeze v. 冷冻，冷藏（食物）e.g. Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都适合冷藏。批注：看到freeze这个单词，问学生以前学过的意思的是什么，它的形容词又是什么，如果学生不是很清楚，可以举例子引导学生思考，比如：寒冷的天气怎么说，冰冻的食物怎么说之类的。另外还要告诉学生freeze的过去式，过去分词的变形（freezefroze-frozen）5. impatient adj.不耐烦的，急躁的e.g. As a nursery teacher, you mustnt be impatient with the c

8、hildren. 作为幼儿园教师，你不该对孩子急躁。【知识拓展】 patient adj. 有耐心的e.g. She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children. 她对这些淘气的孩子们是如此和蔼、有耐心。patience n. 容忍，耐心e.g. I have no patience with him again. 我对他不再有耐心了。批注：词缀im表示否定，类似的词还有impossible/impatience/impatiently/6. obey v. 服从，顺从e.g. Soldiers have to obey

9、orders. 军人必须服从命令。 A car obeys the driver. 车子由司机控制。批注：根据以前所学过的词缀，让学生猜猜不服从怎么说，imobey？inobey？还是disobey？然后告诉学生动词的否定前缀是加dis的。7. faint adj. 微弱的e.g. He felt faint for lack of food. 他因饥饿而晕倒了。 She fainted because of the heat. 她热昏了。批注：假如说小明今天身体不舒服，他可以说 I am weak , 但是他身体通常都很强壮，是？（让学生自己回答）faint的同义词和反义词清楚了吗？fain

10、t还有“头晕”的意思8. float v. 漂浮，浮动e.g. Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 菲利浦，你看见在远处有个什么红色的东西漂浮在水上吗？ A feather floated down on the wind. 一根羽毛随风飘落。批注：floating adj. 漂浮的，浮动的 Eg. The city has a large floating population. 这座城市有大量的流动人口。9. comfortably adv. 安乐地，舒适地e.g. He sat

11、 comfortably in his armchair. 他舒服地坐在扶手椅上。【知识拓展】 comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒服的e.g. She lives a comfortable life. 她过着舒适的生活。comfort v. 安慰，鼓舞 n. 安乐，舒适，安逸e.g. He lived in comfort. 他过得很舒服。She comforted the sick child. 她安慰这个生病的孩子。10. speed v. 加速，加快e.g. The ambulance sped to the hospital. 救护车快速开往医院。 He was arres

12、ted for speeding. 他因超速行车而被捕。指点迷津: speed, hurry(1) speed指快速的运动或行动。e.g. The train sped through the countryside. 火车从乡间飞驰而过。 Postal workers laboured overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail. 邮电工人加班加点以加快圣诞节期间信件的发送。(2) hurry意指比通常快得多的速度，经常伴随着混乱或骚动。e.g. If you dont hurry, youll miss the plane. 如果你不迅

13、速些，你将会错过班机了。 Dont let anyone hurry you into making a decision youll regret later. 不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后会为之后悔的决定。11. relax v. 放松，休息e.g. I relaxed there for a few days. 我在那个地方休息了几天。批注：现在你想relax吗？哈哈，那先回答老师的问题，答的好就可以如愿以偿咯，NO1.relax的形容词是什么？NO2.relax的名词是什么？ 答案是relaxation/relaxed12. works n. 工厂e. g. The steel wo

14、rks is closing down. 那家钢铁厂要关闭了。 There has been an accident at the works. 那家工厂出了一次事故。批注：work 是工作，works是工厂，你是不是觉得理所当然呢? 单词很容易记得住，对不对？ a water treatment works 自来水厂13. thorough adj. 彻底的，完全的e. g. They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didnt find it. 他们仔细地寻找过那枚丢失的戒指，可是没有找到。【知识拓展】 thoroughly ad

15、v. 十分地，彻底地e. g. The work had not been done very thoroughly. 这个工作做得不太彻底。14. sewage n. 污水，污物e. g. chemical treatment of sewage对下水道污物的化学处理 If we love Shanghai, we must stop dumping sewage into the water. 如果我们热爱上海，我们必须停止往水里倒污水（物）。批注：sewage plant污水处理厂，回忆刚刚学过的工厂works，所以还可以说sewage works。15. pump v. 用泵输送e.

16、g. The villagers had pumped the well dry and could get no more water. 村民们已把井水抽干了，再也抽不出水来了。 He pumped up his tyres. 他给车胎打足了气。【知识拓展】 pump n. 泵；水泵e.g. in flat tyres with a pump用气泵给轮胎充气16. precious adj. 宝贵的，贵重的e. g. Nothing is more precious than friendship. 没有什么比友情更宝贵的了。 She talks about nothing except h

17、er precious car. 她句句离不开她那宝贝汽车。批注：precious 的近义词是 valuable/costly 反义词是worthless precious friendship：珍贵的友谊 eg.Nothing is more precious than friendship.没有什么比友谊更宝贵的了。17. liquid n. 液体 e. g. Water is both a fluid and a liquid. 水既是流体又是液体。 If you add too much liquid, the mixture will not be thick enough. 如果你

18、加入的液体太多，混合液的浓度就不够。18. reply n. 答复，回复 v. 回答，答复e. g. Adrian nodded in reply to my question. 对于我的提问，阿德里安点头表示同意。 A lot of people replied to our advertisemen. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。【常用搭配】 in reply (to)为答复；作为对的答复make (no) reply（不）作答复 reply for sb. 代表某人作答辩答谢祝酒 reply to回答，答复指点迷津：anwser, replay(1) answer较常用，如：answ

19、er a question (the door bell, the phone, the letter, etc.) e.g. He has answered my letter.（此句仅表明他回了我的信。说明他已经收到我的信。）(2)而reply则较正式，意指经过深思熟虑后答复对方的问题和论点。 e.g. He has replied to my letter.（此句表明他将我信中的问题都一一回答了。）. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. pour into倒入，涌入 e.g. Please pour some water into my glass. 请帮我的杯子里倒点水

20、。 Pour the milk into a jug. 把牛奶灌进壶里。 People poured into the hall. 人们涌进大厅。批注：pour 有两个常见的用法： 1）表示“使（液体）连续流出；倾倒，倒出”。通常以人作主语，被倒液体为宾语，pour后常跟一些介词或副词。如：Pour the sauce over the pasta .把酱汁浇在意大利面上。 2）表示“涌流（出）；倾泻（出）”。通常以表示液体或者气体的名词或代词作主语。如： Tears pour down her cheeks . 眼泪顺着她的面颊淌了下来2. look round=look around环顾四

21、周 e. g. He looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看，可是没看见任何人。【知识拓展】look at看，朝看 look after照料look back(与on，to连用)回想，记起 look down on轻视，看不起look for寻找 look forward to盼望，期待look like看起来像 look on/upon看作look out注意，当心 look out of朝外看look over翻阅，浏览 look round环视look through从头看完，透视 look up在书中查到，查阅（词典）look up and down上下

22、打量批注：先不让学生看讲义，通过提示让学生自己总结所学过的look的短语，然后再补充完整3. enjoy the view欣赏风景e.g. Foreigners like enjoying the night-views in Shanghai when they travel to China. 外国人到中国来旅游就喜欢到上海来赏夜景。批注：通过in my view 短语让学生回忆view 的另一个意思为“观点”4. finish with完成，结束e.g. He finished with the work. 他完成了这项工作。 He finished the performance wi

23、th a song. 他以一首歌曲结束了表演。批注：通过学生熟悉的finish的用法来记忆finish with，finish doing sth. 完成做某事，finish sth. 完成某事5. dropinto 把扔到e.g. Dont drop rubbish on the ground, you should drop it into the litter bin. 不能把垃圾扔在地上，你应该把垃圾扔到废物箱里。【知识拓展】 drop into sth. 偶然访问（某人或某地），顺便访问e.g. Sorry, were late-we dropped into a pub on th

24、e way. 对不起，我们迟到了我们中途到酒馆去了。6. speed down快速下滑 e.g. That young climber sped down the cliff into the valley. Luckily, he didnt lost his life, 那个年轻的登山者顺着悬崖跌至了山谷，所幸的是，他没有死。批注：speed的过去式为sped7. carry to 把带到 e.g. Simon carried the suitcase to the Smiths. 西蒙把手提箱送到史密斯先生家。 You neednt carry the luggage to your r

25、oom, our removal will help you. 你不用把行李亲自搬到房间，我们的搬运工会帮你的。8. pumpinto 把抽吸到 e.g. Push the button, the water in the toilet will be pumped into the drain. 按下这个键，马桶里的水就会被抽到管道里。9. remember not to do sth. 记得不要做某事 e.g. You must remember not to pollute the environment. 你必须记住不能污染环境。批注：跟学生一起回忆remember 的用法 remem

26、ber to do sth. 记得要去做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）那么forget的用法呢？让学生自己回答，并做好笔记。10. mean by 意思是 e.g. What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思？二、重要句型Important Sentences structures1. 1. Its not easy for me to get here. It is十adj. +for sb. (of sb. )to do sth.（对事加以评论对人加以评论） 在这个句型中，it是形式主语，而句子真正的主语

27、是后面的不定式短语 e.g. It is difficult for you to read through this book in a week or so. 对你来说一星期左右看完这本书有困难。 It is useful for you to learn how to use the computer. 学习使用计算机对你有益处。批注：跟学生举例子讲解of/for的区别，并且造句子，便于学生记忆。2. I waited there until you called me, and here I am.until表示持续做某事，用延续性动词。notuntil表示“直到才”，可以用瞬间动词。

28、e.g. The baby didnt stop crying until he saw his mother. 那个婴孩直到看到妈妈才不哭。 We had dinner until 8:30 p.m. 我们吃晚饭一直到8点半。批注：until /till在肯定句中要用延续性动词，否定句要用瞬间动词3. Then it was time to get cleaned up.Its time to do sth. 表示“是做什么事情的时候了”。它也可以用另外一种句式表达：Its time for sth.e.g. Its time to have dinner. =Its time for di

29、nner. 是吃晚饭的时候了。 Its time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 Its time to go to school. =Its time for school. =Its time for us to go to school. =Its time for going to school.该上学了。4. When youve finished with me, Ill go to a sewage plant.用will表示将来发生的动作或状态。e. g. -Will you join us?你要加入我们吗？ -Yes, we will./ No, w

30、e wont. 是的，我们要。不，我们不要。 Janes father will give her a beautiful skirt as her birthday present. 珍妮的爸爸要给她一件漂亮的裙子作为她的生日礼物。【知识拓展】 注意will与be going to的区别：(1) be going to表示事先打算，有意图要发生的事。e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon.(2) be going to还表示客观情况下（非主观打算）即将要发生的动作。e. g. The weath

31、erman says it is going to rain tomorrow.1. no和none no的意思为not any,至于单数名词、复数可数名词好不可数名词前。None of的意思是not any of, 置于冠词或其它限定词（如a, the, her, my, this, that）之前。如：There is no milk in the fridge. There are no eggs rather. None of these shoes fit me. None of the boots fit either.2. much, many, a lot of, lots o

32、f, plenty of, little, few(1) much, little, a little用于修饰不可数名词；many, few, a few用于修饰可数名词；a lot of, lots of, plenty of既可用于修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词！many和much：(2) many和much是表示数量的不定代词，在句中既可以充当名词，也可以充当形容词，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，意思为“许多”、“大量”。many修饰或代替可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。当much和many用于肯定句中，常与so, too, as等搭配。如：I picked as many

33、peaches as I could from the tree.Ive got too many clothes. I must give some to my sister. We ate so much that we felt ill.(3) many作主语时谓语动词用复数，much作主语时谓语动词用单数。名词前若有the/my/your/our/their/this/that/it/these/those等，此时不能直接用many/much，需用many of/much of。(4) a lot of 和 lots of ： 这两个词组可以当作定语，即当作many或much那样来使用

34、；因此，谓语动词的数不是依据lot和lots来决定，而是依据of所引导的名词的数来决定。例如：A lot of time has been wasted有许多时间给浪费掉了。（a lot of =much）A lot of people have been present已有许多人到了。（a lot of=many）There is lots of time to spare时间绰绰有余。（不说 There are）Open meetings often reveal lots of closed winds公开讨论往往得以开诚布公。（of引导的是复数名词） (5) a few, few, a

35、 little, little前两者用于可数名词的情况，后两种用于不可数名词的情况下；a few/little肯定含义，few/little是否定的含义!3. enough和too（1）enough的用法 先看下面两个句子：She cant buy a sandwich. She hasnt got enough money. He cant reach the shelf. He isnt tall enough. 从上面的例子中我们可以看出来，enough在修饰名词时，放在名词的前面（既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词），充当形容词；enough在修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词

36、后，充当副词。如： - Is there enough sugar in your coffee? -Yes, thank you.上句中的enough修饰不可数名词sugar，是形容词-Shall we sit outside? -No, its not warm enough. 上句中，enough修饰形容词warm，放在其后，做副词使用。 enough还可做代词使用，如Ive got some money but not enough to buy a car. 上句中enough相当于enough money. 请记住下列有关enough的搭配enough for(somebody/

37、something)对而言足够了； enough to do足以做；enough for sb to do对而言足以做（2）too的用法 too修饰形容词或副词，是“太；过量”的意思 too much/too many表示“过多”；too little/ too few表示“太少，不足” 与“too”有关的搭配 toofor sb/sth对 太； too to do太以至于不能toofor sb/sth to do 对太 以至于不能词形变换:1. These_(perform) clothes are colourful.2. The singer waved to these _(visit

38、) while she_(dance) to the music.3. Mary is a _(care) girl. She seldom makes mistakes. But her brother always makes mistakes, he is a _(care) boy.4. We should be _(help) to those _(help) people.5. I was so tired that I felt the road to my home was_(end).6. He is _(thank) to you for your help.7. As s

39、tudents, we should do more _(mean) things, or our life will be_(meaning).8. We all hope to live in a _(noise) environment.9. _ Tom_( watch) TV at 10 the day before yesterday?10. I am sure that Mum_(know) what Dad_(like).11. The line of people_(be) endless.12. It seemed_(be) hopeless to try_(get) ins

40、ide.13. Dont read in the sun. Its _(harm) to your eyes.14. He can play the piano_(beautiful).15. He is welcome, but Im_(welcome). I feel very sad.16. The film is one of the best films for children. Kate, youll_(sure)like it.17. When I _(arrive) home, my sister_(eat) fruit.18. What _(happen) in the n

41、ext room at that moment?19. Spring is the best time for you_(visit) China.20. I _(go) to Qingdao if I _(have) enough money and time.21. She dances_(beauty) among these girls.22. My best friend_(join) the Army when he_(be) 20 and he_(be) in the Army for 3 years.23. He said he_(return) the book as soo

42、n as he_(finish) reading it.24.The thief_(see)_(enter) the room just now.25. Be quick, or you_(miss) the early bus.【答案】1. performers 2. visitors, was dancing 3. careful, careless 4. helpful, helpless 5. endless 6. thankful 7. meaningful, meaningless 8. noiseless 9. Was, watching, was discussing 10.

43、knows, likes 11. is 12. to be, to get13. harmful 14. beautifully 15. unwelcome 16. surely 17. arrived, was eating 18. was happening 19. to visit 20. will go, have 21. the most beautifully 22. joined, was, has been 23. would return, finished 24. was seen, to enter 25. will miss（建议5-10分钟）Read and choose the best answer.()1. Its timea rest. You have read the story book for a long time.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. had【答案】A【解