定语从句考点及难点解析概要课件.ppt

1、定语从句常考点及难点归纳Revision(复习）复习）lCan you tell the structure of the following sentences?(你能说出下列句子的结构吗？）l1)He has been a teacher for ten years.l2)He teaches Englishl3)He teaches us English.l4)The students are listening.l5)He teaches us how to learn English better主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语（及物）谓语（及物）+宾语宾语主语主语+谓

2、语（及物）谓语（及物）+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）主语+谓语（及物）+宾补Leadin（导入）（导入）l把下列两个简单句合并成一个句子。lChina is a civilized old country.lIt has 5000 years history.China is a civilized old country which has 5000 years history.概念：概念：1.关系代词和关系副词的选用关系代词和关系副词的选用 a.which 和和that b.which 和和as c.whose的用法的用法 d.where

3、的特殊用法的特殊用法 e.介词介词+关系代词关系代词2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致3.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别5.定语从句在某些特殊句型中的应用定语从句在某些特殊句型中的应用考点考点难点难点常考点和难点归纳常考点和难点归纳l改错：1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,

4、1999 is the day when well never forget.wherewhichto 归纳归纳1:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：a).先行词先行词b).关系词在定语从句中充当的成分关系词在定语从句中充当的成分作主语，宾语，定语用作主语，宾语，定语用作状语用作状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of that she spoke fluently.(2011.湖南卷）Doroth

5、y was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the others unhappy.（2000全国）Awho B.which Cthis DwhatBwhich改错：改错：归纳归纳2：which 和和 that 的用法区别的用法区别lWhich 和that 都可以指物，在从句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，that 可以指人，但是下列情况只能用which:la）在非限制性定语从句中。）在非限制性定语从句中。lb）在介词后。）在介词后。lc)关系代词后有插入语时。关系代词后有插入语时。以下情况，引导词用以下情

6、况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。a.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外）除外）先行词被先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some修饰时也用修饰时也用that.b.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。c.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用thatd.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.定语从句内

7、容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。注意：注意：非限制性定语从句在形式上是前后两个句子用逗非限制性定语从句在形式上是前后两个句子用逗号隔开，对先行词只是做些附加说明，即使去掉，主号隔开，对先行词只是做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。但限制性定语从句如果被去掉，句的意思依然清楚。但限制性定语从句如果被去掉，则意思含糊不清，不完整。则意思含糊不清，不完整。lWhenever I met her,_was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山东）lA.who B.which C

8、.when D.thatl）_ is reported in the newspaper,Crimea(克里米亚）has announced its independence and meanwhile broken away from Ukrain(乌克兰）and joined Russia early this month.lA As B What C it D whichBA归纳归纳3：which 和和 as的区别的区别las引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,s

9、oas,结构，做题时容易忽结构，做题时容易忽略。略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。语或表语。las 与与which引导定语从句引导定语从句都能指代整句内容都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as,意为意为“正正如如、恰如恰如”。as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别la)as 引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法，态度，解释或评论，常用于被动形式，且放在句首,其常见搭配动词有：see,know,say,expect,show,tell,guess等lB)当从句对主句所叙

10、述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或者结果时，通常要用which,且用在主动语态的句子里。lC)在从句中作定语或者介词宾语时，要用which.例如：Lily might possibly come,in which case I will ask her.lThe old temple _ was damaged in storm is now under repair.(2010.陕西卷）A.where its roof B.roof of which C.its roof D.of which the roofD归纳归纳4：whose 用法小结用法小结lWhose 指物，在定语从句中作定

11、语，相当于ones.whose+名词=the+of+which/whoml=of which/whom+the+n.在实际运用时既可以考查前一种结构也可以考查后一种结构lI walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011.陕西卷）l A.which B.where C.who D.thatlIts helpful to put children in a situation _they can see themselves differently.lA.

12、that B.when C.which D.whereBD归纳归纳5 where 的用法小结的用法小结where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。情况。如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词，常用常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种到了某种地步，在某种境况中地步，在某种境况中”。lGun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a lo

13、ng time.(2011.陕西卷）lA.of which B.with which lC.about which D.into whichlShe showed the visitors around the museum,lthe construction_had taken more than three years.(2011.江西卷）lA.for which B with which lC of which D to which CC归纳归纳6：介词：介词+关系代词（关系代词（which/whom)小小结结l关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先

14、行词的逻辑关系。2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用可用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构。的结构。Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗

15、?2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致lIsreal(以色列）is one of the countries who _(有）nuclear weapons in the world.lIsreal is only one of the countries who_（有）nuclear weapons in the middle-east area.havehas结论：结论：lone of+n(pl)+whov(复数）lonly one of+n(pl)+whov(单数）It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his f

16、ather _ he spent his childhood.A.which,that B.that,whichC.which,which D.that,where A综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句难点：综合考查难点：综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We

17、all have heard the news_ the Flight MH370 crashed into the Indian Ocean and caused 240 deaths according to one Britsh air companyinvestigation since it was missing for eighteen days。2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which that/whichl一、从句法功能上来看一、从句法功能上来看l同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句

18、子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；但是that 不能省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语),作宾语可以省略。l二、从意义上来看二、从意义上来看l同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，是解释解释或者说明说明的关系；而定语从句则是限制或修饰限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容综合考查三：定语从句在特殊句型中的运用综合考查三：定语从句在特殊句型中的运用lThe committee members from 31 provinces in Beijing have dicussed

19、 a series issues including the housing prices,education and medical care they would like to see_the next decade.lA.to settle B.being settled lC.having been settled D.settledD类似的句型还有：sb have/has difficulty doing sth sb spend some time in doing sth it takes sth to do sth等 总结总结l本课主要通过一系列高考题总结和归纳了定语从句常本

20、课主要通过一系列高考题总结和归纳了定语从句常见的考点和难点，重点辨析了在非限制性定语从句中见的考点和难点，重点辨析了在非限制性定语从句中which 和和 that,which 和和 as 的用法区别，以及在限的用法区别，以及在限制性定语从句中介词和关系代词搭配的基本原则。同制性定语从句中介词和关系代词搭配的基本原则。同时也指出了在在做这类习题时如何选择关系代词或者时也指出了在在做这类习题时如何选择关系代词或者关系副词的基本方法与思路。另外，也讲解了定语从关系副词的基本方法与思路。另外，也讲解了定语从句与强调句的套用，定语从句与同位语从句的区别这句与强调句的套用，定语从句与同位语从句的区别这些难点，最后列举了定语从句在某些特殊句型当中的些难点，最后列举了定语从句在某些特殊句型当中的运用。运用。