支持与运动全面版课件.ppt
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- 支持 运动 全面 课件
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1、1SUPPORT&MOVEMENT2Why do organisms need support?wAnimals to maintain particular positions and shapes for easier movementwGreen plants to maintain particular positions to obtain more sunlight3SUPPORT IN MAMMALSwis provided by the action of muscles on the skeleton.4The skeleton consists of bones and c
2、artilage.wBones are mainly made up of minerals.(e.g.calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate).contains living cells contains organic matter waterwCartilages are softer bones5Bone&cartilagewBone harder contains more mineralswCartilage softer contains less minerals6SKELETONS can be divided into two par
3、ts:wAxial skeletonwAppendicular skeletonw skullw ribsw sternumwVertebral columnw Pectoral girdlew Pelvic girdle7The functions of axial skeleton:wfor supportwfor protection of internal organs8The axial skeleton includes:wskull protects the brain protects the eyes protects the inner 9The axial skeleto
4、n includes:wvertebral column protects the spinal cord10The axial skeleton includes:wribs,sternum and vertebral column(to form the rib cage)protects the lungs and heart11The functions of the skeleton:wprovide supportwmovementwprotecting internal organs of the bodywproducing blood cellswstorage of min
5、erals such as calcium12The muscular system:wThe muscular system is made up of:many different sets of muscles muscles arranged in pairs13The muscular system:wThe muscles are attached to the bones through tendons14What is locomotion?wthe movement of the body wfrom one place to another15At a movable jo
6、int,wthe bones are held together by ligaments.wcartilage is present which can reduce wear when the bones rub against each other.wSynovial fluid is present which can reduce friction when the bones move.16Opposing muscles/antagonistic musclesware attached to the limb boneswwork in pairs17Opposing musc
7、les/antagonistic muscleswWhen the extensor contracts,wit straightens the joint.wWhen the flexor contracts,wit makes the joint bend.18The Principle of MovementwBones act as levers.wThe joint acts like the fulcrum.wThe weight of the bone plus any additional weight is the load.wThe muscle supplies the
8、effort.19Types of jointswHinge joints allows movement in one planewBall and socket joint allows movement in 3 planes,i.e.in many direction.20Types of jointswExamples of hinge joint elbow joint knee jointwExamples of Ball and socket joint shoulder joint hip joint21ActivitywAssemble the wooden skeleto
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