新编-氢化可的松的生产工艺原理-精品课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《新编-氢化可的松的生产工艺原理-精品课件.ppt》由用户(三亚风情)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新编 氢化 可的松 生产工艺 原理 精品 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、1第9章 氯霉素生产工艺原理自学2第10章 氢化可的松生产工艺原理第一节 概述氢化可的松(Hydrocortisone)化学名11,17,21-三羟基孕甾4-烯3,20二酮OHCOCH2OHOHHO3氢化可的松又称皮质醇。主要药理作用:能影响糖代谢,并具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗休克及抗过敏作用,临床用途广泛,主要用于肾上腺皮质功能不足,自身免疫性疾病(如肾病性慢性肾炎、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎),变态反应性疾病(如支气管哮喘、药物性皮炎),以及急性白血病、眼炎及何杰金氏病,也用于某些严重感染所致的高热综合治疗。4副作用:对充血性心力衰竭、糖尿病等患者慎用;对重症高血压、精神病、消化道溃疡、骨质
2、疏松症忌用。氢化可的松作为天然皮质激素,疗效确切,在临床上一直不减其重要作用。5 全合成需要30多步化学反应,工艺工程复杂,总收率太低,无工业化生产价值。目前国内外制备氢化可的松都采用半合成方法。甾体药物半合成的起始原料都是甾醇的衍生物。如从薯芋科植物得到薯芋皂素,从剑麻中得到剑麻皂素,从龙舌竺中得到番麻皂素,从油脂废气物中获得豆甾醇和谷甾醇,从羊毛脂中得到胆甾醇。这些都可以作为合成甾体药物半合成原料。第二节 合成路线及其选择6 60%的甾体药物的生产原料是薯芋皂素,近年来,由于薯芋皂素资源迅速减少,以及C17边链微生物氧化降解成功,国外以豆甾醇、谷甾醇作原料的比例已上升。7OOOHOOOHH
3、HOOOHHOOHOHOH8-28-38-48-58-68-7薯芋 皂素剑 麻皂素番 麻皂素豆甾醇 谷甾醇胆甾醇8 薯芋皂素立体构型与氢化可的松的一致,A环带有羟基,B环带有双键,易于转化为4-3-酮的活性结构,合成工艺相当成熟。我国主要以薯芋皂素为半合成原料。剑麻皂素和番麻皂素的资源在我国也很丰富,但尚未得到充分利用。比较薯芋皂素与氢化可的松的化学结构,可知必须去掉薯芋皂素中的E、F环,而薯芋皂素经开环裂解去掉E、F环后,可得到关键中间体双烯醇酮醋酸酯(8-8)。从8-8到氢化可的松,除将C3羟基转化为酮基,C5,6双键移到C4,5位,还需引入三个特定的羟基。9OOOHCOAcOCH3COO
4、CH2OHOHOH8-2 薯芋 皂素8-8开环 裂 解氢 化可 的 松10 这些基团的转化和引入,有的交易进行。如C3位的羟基经直接氧化可直接得到酮基,同时还伴有5双键的转位。C21上有活泼氢,可通过卤代之后再转化为羟基;利用16双键存在,开经过环氧化反应转为C17位羟基,并且由于甾环的立体效应使得C17位羟基刚好为构型。最关键一步是C11 羟基的引入。由于C11位周围没有活性功能基团的影响,采用化学法很困难。应用微生物氧化发完美地解决了这一难题。黑根霉菌和犁头霉菌:前者专一性的在C11位引入羟基,而后者引入羟基。11OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3
5、OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO犁头霉菌黑根霉菌工艺路线12OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH
6、2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO黑根霉菌氧化溴代脱溴碘化置换梨头霉菌氧化醋酸化醋酸化合物合物S13 一、合成路线(一)经醋酸可的松的合成路线OOOHCOCH2
7、OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IO
8、OHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO14OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3O
9、HBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2
10、OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO15OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO16(二)经化合物S的合成路线OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCO
11、OCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCN
12、H2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO17OOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOH
13、COOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3
14、OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNCH2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOOOOOHCOCH2OHOHOHOCOAcOCH3COOHCH3OCOOCH3OCOOCH3OHBrCOOCH3OHCOOCH2IOHCOOCH2OAcOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH3OOCOOCH3OBrOHCOOCH3OOHCOOCH2IOOHCOOCH2OAcOOHH2NCNHNC
15、H2OAcOOHNNHCNH2OOH2NCNHNCH2OAcOHNNHCNH2OHOO18第三节 生产工艺原理及其过程 以犁头霉菌氧化工艺路线研究生产工艺。一、5,16-孕甾二烯-3醇20-酮3-醋酸酯的制备 合成路线1.工艺原理 氧化开环,水解,消除等过程(1)加压消除开环 在薯芋皂素结构中,边链是一个特殊的螺环系统,其中E、F两环相连,且以螺环缩酮的形式相连,当缩酮的位含有活泼氢时,能在酸碱地协同催化下发生消除而形成双键,其过程如下:19OOHOHOOHOOHOAcOOAcA+B-20(2)铬酐氧化 氧化开环指20双键被氧化断链打开E环,氧化剂是铬酸。OAcOOAcOCOOAcO(3)水解
16、1,4-消除 在酸性质子的作用下,C20酮发生烯醇化,当其回复为酮时,则发生消除。21OAcOOCROOHAcOOCROOAcOH2O,HOAcAcO-2.工艺过程 将薯芋皂素、醋酐、冰醋酸投入反应罐中,然后抽真空以排出空气。当加热至125时开启压缩空气,使罐内压力为4.55.5105Pa,温度为191202,关掉压力阀,反应50min,反应毕,冷却,加入冰醋酸,用冰盐水冷却至57,投入预先配置的氧化剂,反应罐内温度急剧上升,在6070 保温反应20min,加热到90100,常压蒸馏回收醋酸,再改减压回收醋酸到一定体积,冷却后,加水稀释。用环已烷提取,分出水层;有机萃取液减压浓缩至干,加适量乙
展开阅读全文