新编-国际商务的环境chapter-10-Technical-environment-facing-international-business-精品课件.ppt
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- 新编 国际 商务 环境 chapter 10 Technical environment facing international business 精品 课件
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1、Chapter 10Technological EnvironmentLearning objectivesFappreciate the role of technological change in economic progressFunderstand the main aspects where technology has effect on business Fhave some knowledge about technology transferFknow the ways of altering a countrys technological environmentTex
2、t:Technological EnvironmentFKondatriev:economic cycles of prosperity,recession,depression and recovery tend to operate over fifty-year time scales termed Kondatriev waves,and the waves are linked to phases of technological change.FBrookes and Guile:technology trends and advances are re-configuring t
3、he location,ownership and management of various types of productive activity amongst countries and regions The impact of technology upon international businessFTransportation and communicationFThe impact of transportation technology on international business has been to aid industrial relocation on
4、a global scale.FThe time period required to send data from one side of the world to the other has shrunk to almost nothing.FThe developments in communications technology have served as a catalyst to aid the process of growth of multinational companies.The impact of technology upon international busi
5、nessFProduct and process innovationFTechnology also has an effect on both production processes and product design and specification.FFMS via CNC and CAD-CAM FThe use of FMS offers the potential to move production away from the old high volume,standardised approach,into an environment in which machin
6、es are multipurpose,or flexible.It also offers benefits in terms of product design.The impact of technology upon international businessFSales and marketingFInternational product promotion has been made much easier by the growth of importance of electronic media.FRadio and television advertising,via
7、satellite and cable,offers the potential to simultaneously access huge numbers of potential customers across many different countries.FElectronic selling via the Internet or interactive television has revolutionary potential.Determinants of one countrys technological environmentFAs for individual co
8、untries,the foundation of a countrys technological environment is its resource base.FThe availability or unavailability of resources affects what products are made in a give country.Determinants FInvestment FInvestments in infrastructure and human capital have allowed developed countries to continue
9、 prospering in world markets despite the high wages paid to workers in those countries.FInvest in infrastructure to make producing and distributing products easier.FInvest in human capital to improve the productivity and efficiency of workforces.Determinants FTechnology transfer:the transmittal of t
10、echnology from one country to another Fby encouraging foreign direct investment(FDI)e.g.Hungary and Poland Fby requiring companies eager to access a countrys resources or consumers to transfer technology as a condition for operating in that country e.g.Saudi Arabia and ChinaDeterminants FIntellectua
11、l property rightsFIntellectual propertypatents,copyrights,trademarks,brand names,and so forthis an important asset of most MNCs.It often forms the basis of a firms competitive advantage/core competency in the global marketplace.The value of intellectual property can quickly be damaged unless countri
12、es enforce ownership rights of firms.International treaties on IP rightsFthe International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Rights(the Paris Convention)Fthe Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,the Universal Copyright ConventionFthe Trade-Related Int
13、ellectual Property Rights agreement(part of the Uruguay Round)Less protection,more costsFWeak protection for intellectual property rights can have high costs for international businesses.Ftechnology is allowing pirates to move faster than ever.Conflicts of IP rights FIntellectual property laws are n
14、ot consistent:“first to invent”vs.“fist to file”FDifferences in patent practices:minor modification vs.major improvement FRegistration of trademarks and brand names can also cause problems.FAdministrative delays may also hurt the rights of intellectual property owners.Key termsFIndustrial revolution
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