人教中考英语总复习教材知识梳理：八年级下册 Units 3-5.ppt

1、1. _ n. 垃圾；废弃物 2. _ v. 折叠；对折 3. _ v. 扫；打扫 4. _ n. 地板 5. _ n. 杂乱；不整洁,rubbish,fold,sweep,floor,mess,（一）单词,6. _ v. 扔；掷 7. _ pron. 两者都不 8. pass v. _ 9. borrow (反义词) _ 10. _ n. 手指 11. _ v. 厌恶；讨厌 12. _ conj. 与同时；当的时候 13. stress n. _ 14. _ n. 浪费；垃圾 v. 浪费；滥用 15. _ v. 提供；供应,throw,neither,给；递；走过,finger,hate,b

2、eginning,精神压力；心里负担,provide,waste,lend,16. anyway adv. _ 17. independent（名词）独立 _ 18. develop（名词） _ 19. fair （名词）_ （反义 词）_ 20. since conj. _ prep., conj., adv. _ 21. _ n. 邻居,而且；加之,因为；既然,unfair,independence,development,fairness,从以后,neighbor,22. ill（名词） _ 23. _ v. 落下；掉下 24. _ v. 允许；准许 25. _ v. 猜测；估计 26.

3、 _ n. 关系；联系；交往 27. communicate（名词）_ 28. argument（动词） _ 29. _ adj. 年纪较长的 30. _ adv. 代替；反而；却 31. whatever pron. _,allow,illness,drop,guess,relation,communication,argue,elder,任何；每一,instead,32. _ adj. 焦虑的；担忧的 33. _ v. 主动提出；自愿给予 34. _ adj. 正确的；恰当的 35. second（副词）_ 36. explanation （动词）_ 37. clearly（形容词）_ 3

4、8. copy v. _ 39. _ v. 归还；回来；返回 40. _ adv. 再也（不）；（不）再 41. member n. _,proper,nervous,offer,secondly,explain,clear,抄袭；模仿；复制；复印,成员；分子,return,anymore,42. press（名词）_ 43. compete（名词）_ 44. _ n. 意见；想法；看法 45. skill（形容词）_ 46. _ adj. 典型的 47. quickly（形容词）_ 48. copy v. _ 49. _ v. 持续；继续存在 50. _ v. 比较 51. crazy ad

5、j. _,opinion,pressure,competition,skillful,typical,quick,抄袭；模仿；复制；复印,不理智的；疯狂的,continue,compare,52. push（反义词）_ 53. sweep（过去式）_（过去分词） _ 54. throw（过去式）_（过去分词） _ 55. heavy（副词）_ 56. sudden（副词）_ 57. strange（名词）陌生人 _ 58. beat（过去式）_（过去分词） _ 59. asleep （反义词）_,swept,pull,swept,threw,thrown,heavily,suddenly,be

6、aten,stranger,beat,awake,60. rise（过去式）_（过去分词） _ 61. fall（形容词）落下的 _（过去 式）_ （过去分词）_ 62. ice（形容词）_ 63. kid v. _ 64. realize v. _ 65. silence（形容词）_（形容词的近 义词）_ （反义词）_ （形 容词）_,fell,rose,risen,fallen,fallen,icy,开玩笑；欺骗,quiet,silent,noisy,noise,理解；领会；认识到,1. 频繁；反复 _ 2. 一就 _ 3. 目的是；为了 _ 4. 依靠；信赖 _ 5. 照顾；处理 _ 6

7、. 快速查阅；浏览 _ 7. 重要的事 _ 8. 成功地发展；解决 _ 9. 和睦相处；关系良好_,（二）短语,all the time,as soon as,in order to,depend on,take care of,look through,big deal,work out,get on with,10. 删除；删去 _ 11. 比较；对比 _ 12. 依看 _ 13. （闹钟）发出声响 _ 14. 接电话 _ 15. 进入梦乡；睡着 _ 16. 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 _ 17. 看一看 _ 18. 前往；费力地前进 _,cut out,comparewith,in ones o

8、pinion,go off,pick up,fall asleep,die down,have a look,make ones way,19. 沉默；无声 _ 20. 拆除；往下拽 _ 21. 首先；起初 _ 22. 倒垃圾 _ 23. 随时；马上 _ 24. 结果 _ 25. 浪费时间 _ 26. 生某人的气 _ 27. 对某人友好 _,in silence,take down,at first,take out the rubbish,any minute now,as a result,a waste of time,be angry with sb.,be nice to sb.,2

9、8. 抄袭某人的作业 _ 29. 培养某人的独立性 _ 30. 做家务 _ 31. 清洗餐具 _ 32. 叠某人的衣服 _ 33. 搭便车 _ 34. 参与/ 卷入打架中 _ 35. 将某物归还给某人 _,copy ones homework,develop ones independence,do chores,do the dishes,fold ones clothes,get a ride,get into a fight,give sth. back to sb.,36. 一团糟 _ 37. 在困难的时候 _ 38. 借给某人某物 _ 39. 扔下 _,in a mess,in ti

10、mes of difficulty,lend sb. sth.,throw down,1. Could you please .? 请你(们)好吗？ 2. Could I .? 我可以吗？ 3. . as soon as . 一就 4. There is no need for . to do . 对来说，没有必要做 5. It is ones job to do . 做是某人的工作。 6. . dont / doesnt allow . to do . 不允许做,（三）句型,7. Why dont you .? 你(们)为什么不？ 8. What was / were . doing whi

11、le . was / were doing? 当正在做的时候，正在做什么？ 9. What was / were . doing when .? 当的时候，正在做什么？ 10. . remember (sb.) doing . 记得(某人)曾经做过,1. throw v. 扔；掷 拓展 throw的短语搭配： throw down 扔下 throw at 扔向 throw away 扔掉 throw sb. sth.=throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人,（一）单词,活学活用 Recycling is good, so dont _ bottles and newspapers.

12、 A. find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away,D,2. neither adv. 也不 neither与助动词连用构成倒装句，表示否定意义。,拓展neither还有如下词性和含义： 1) neither用作限定词，意为“（两者） 都不”，常用来修饰可数名词单数。 2) neither用作代词，意为“两者都不， 双方均不”。,辨析 both, either, neither, all 和none,3. pass v. 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 意为“递给某人某物”。 拓展 pass作动词

13、时，还有“通过考试；及格”的意思。 e.g. 请把那本书递给我。 Please _ _ the book. 她确信她能通过这场考试。 (be sure, that),pass me,She is sure that she can pass the exam.,4. borrow v. 借；借用 lend和borrow均为动词，都含有“借”的意思，但借的方向不同。borrow意为“借入”，常构成“borrow sth. from sb.”结构，意为“向某人借某物”; lend意为“借出”，常构成“lend sth. to sb.”结构，意为“把某物借给某人”。注意两个动词所用的介词不同。,5.

14、 stress n. 精神压力；心理负担 stress为不可数名词，其形容词形式为stressed, 意为“紧张的；有压力的”，常构成短语be stressed out, 意为“有压力的；紧张的”。,活学活用 Are you often _(stress) out?,stressed,6. waste n. 浪费；垃圾 v. 浪费；滥用 waste作不可数名词，常用短语为a waste of time, 意为“浪费时间”。waste还可译为“垃圾”，此时与rubbish同义。 拓展 waste作及物动词时，后接表示时间、金钱、精力等的词。,活学活用 1) I want to try it ag

15、ain. Its _（浪费时间） 2) 他浪费了许多时间，没有做多少工 作。 He _ _ _ _ _, and didnt do much work.,a waste of time,wasted a lot of time,7. provide v. 提供；供应 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物 拓展 offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物,活学活用：同义句转换 Could you provide us with water? Could you _ water _ us?,

16、provide for,8. develop v. 发展；培养 拓展 development n. 发展 developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的 9. fair adj. 合理的；公正的 拓展 fairly adv. 合理地；公正地 unfair adj. 不合理的；不公正的 fairness n. 合理；公正,10. allow v. 允许；准许 allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”；allow doing sth. 意为“允许做某事”，有时用被动语态。 活学活用 My parents didnt allow me _ to

17、 the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went,B,11. argue v. 争吵；争论 argue是不及物动词，argue with sb. 表示“和某人争吵”。 拓展 派生词 argument n. 争吵；争论,12. elder adj. 年纪较长的 辨析 elder与older 1) elder通常用在名词前作定语，而不能用 在be动词或系动词后作表语。 2) older当“年长的”讲时，用作表语，不用 作定语。 活学活用：用elder或older填空。 1) Do you know the girl over there? Yes, I do.

18、She is my _ sister. 2) Tony is _ than me.,elder,older,13. offer v. 主动提出；自愿给予 offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”。 拓展 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 主动给某人某物,14. return v. 归还；回来；返回 return作动词, 意为“归还”，此时与give back同义。 拓展 return意为“回来”，相当于come back，后面接地点名词时，用“return to+地点名词”，后接地点副词时，介词to要省略。,15. compete v. 竞争；对

19、抗 拓展 compete常构成短语compete with sb.，意为“与某人竞争”。compete的名词形式是competition, 意为“比赛；竞争”。,16. continue v. 持续；继续存在 continue常用的结构：continue to do sth.或continue doing sth.，意为“继续做某事”。 e.g. 住院时他继续写作。 He _ _ _ when he was in hospital.,continued to write,17. compare v. 比较 compare常构成“compare A with B”或“compare A to B

20、”短语，意为“把A与B做比较”。其中compare A to B还可以表示“把A比作B”。,18. push v. 鞭策；督促；推动 拓展 反义词：pull v. 拉；拖；拨 19. cause v. 造成；引起 拓展 cause还可以作名词，意为“原因；起因”,20. begin v. 开始 begin过去式began, 过去分词begun 拓展 反义词 finish v. 结束 end v. 结束 近义词 start v. 开始 短语 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 begin doing sth. 开始做某事 begin with以开始,派生词 beginner n. 初学

21、者 beginning n. 开始；开端 at the beginning of 在的开始,21. report v. & n. 报道；公布 拓展 派生词：reporter n. 记者 22. beat v. 敲打；打败 beat过去式beat, 过去分词是beaten。 辨析beat与win beat表示“打败”对手，和表示人、球队、对手等的词搭配。 win表示“赢得”比赛、竞赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常和match, competition, game, medal, prize等搭配。,23. rise v. &n. 升起；增加；提高 辨析 rise与raise 1) rise为不及物动词，意

22、为“升起，起 来，起身”。 2) raise为及物动词，意为“举起；抬 起；增加”。,活学活用： 用rise或raise的适当形式填空。 1) The sun _ in the east and sets in the west. 2) If you know the answer, please _ your hand.,rises,raise,24. realize v. 理解；领会；认识到 拓展 realize还有“实现；完成”之意。 25. silence n. 沉默；缄默；无声 silence常构成短语in silence, 该短语译为“沉默地；无声地”。 拓展 silent adj

23、. 沉默地 silently adv. 沉默地,26. truth n. 实情；事实 tell the truth意为“说出真相”。 拓展 truth的同根词： true adj. 真实的；真正的 truly adv. 真实地；真正地,1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 拓展 take out为“动词+副词”结构的短语，意为“拿出；取出”。代词作宾语时，位于take与out之间；名词作宾语时，位于out前后均可。,（二）短语,2. come over 过来；顺便来访 拓展 常见的“动词+over”结构的短语： think over仔细考虑 get over克服 take o

24、ver接管 look over仔细检查 go over 复习；检查,3. all the time 一直；总是 拓展 常见的time短语： for the first time 第一次 from time to time 有时；偶尔 at times 不时；有时 in time 及时 on time 按时 at the same time 同时 at any time 随时 in no time 立即；马上,4. as soon as 一就 as soon as如果主句为将来时态，其引导的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。as soon as可以用于口语和书面语中。它在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可

25、以用于各种时态。 拓展 as soon as possible表示“尽快”，其中soon表示“快；很快”。,活学活用 Will you please give The Readers Times to Jane? Sure, Ill give it to her _ she comes back. A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as,D,5. depend on 依靠；信赖 depend on还可以表示“由决定；取决于”，与depend upon为同义表达。 拓展 常见的“动词+on”结构的短语： turn on 打开 get on 上车 c

26、ome on 快点 insist on 坚持 call on 号召 live on 以为生 depend on 依靠 put on 穿上；戴上,活学活用 We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it _ the weather. A. keeps on B. puts on C. depends on,C,6. take care of 照顾；处理 take care of与look after, care for意思相同，且它后面的介词of不能省略；take care意为“小心；在意”，相当于be careful。 7. as

27、 a result 结果；因此 as a result of意为“作为的结果，由于”。,8. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at/ about sth. 因某事而生气,9. work out 成功地发展；解决 拓展 “动词+out”结构的短语小结： set out 出发 put out 熄灭 point out 指出 hand out 分发 run out 用完 give out 分发；散发 come out 出版 look out 小心；当心 turn out 结果是 take out 取出 break out 爆发,10. cut out 删除；删去 拓

28、展 常见的cut短语： cut in line 插队 cut off 切除 cut in 打断 cut down 砍伐 cut up切碎,11. pick up 接电话 “接电话” 还可以用pick up the phone或answer the phone表示。 拓展 pick up还有如下含义： 拾起；捡起 e.g. He picked up his cap and went away. 开车去接 e.g. I will go to the airport and pick up my uncle.,活学活用 Do you _ your son after school? No. He c

29、omes back home on the school bus. pick up B. look after C. drop in D. send for,A,12. fall asleep 睡着 fall asleep是固定搭配，其中asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。 拓展 fall短语 fall behind 落后 fall off 跌落；减少 fall down 跌倒 fall ill 生病 fall into 落入；掉入,13. make ones way 前往；费力地前进 “make ones way to +地点”相当于“be on ones way to+地点”，其中的

30、ones 用形容词性物主代词。当“地点”是home, here, there等副词时，前面的介词to要省略。,14. take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 拓展 take down 还有如下含义： 记下；写下 e.g. All the students took down the speech. 拿下；取下 e.g. Did he take down the green flag?,15. at first 首先；起初 at last 最后；终于,活学活用 _ I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not intere

31、sted in other people. A. As usual B. At first C. After all D. So far,B,1. when they get elder, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now. there is no need （for sb.）to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）没必要做某事” e.g. 没必要乘坐公共汽车去那里。 _ _ _ _ go there by bus.,Theres no need to,（三）句型,2. Why d

32、ont you go to sleep earlier this evening? Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 对该句型的回答不能用“Because”, 一般用“Good idea!/ Sure!/ Good!”等表示赞同。如果表示反对，直接说出理由即可。,3. When you called, I was taking a shower. 该句包含由when引导的时间状语从句，when意为“当的时候”，后面通常接时间点，从句中的谓语动词用短暂性动词。,4. So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny

33、 and she helped me. while是连词，意为“当的时候”，后面只能接一段时间，不能接时间点，while引导的从句中的动词要用延续性动词。另外，while引导的从句的动作或状态往往与主句的动作同时发生。,过去进行时(Unit 5),一、基本用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与其连用的时间状语有at . (oclock) yesterday / last night，at this time yesterday，at that time / moment等。如： Mike was reading a newspaper at 9:30 last night. J

34、ulia was cleaning her bedroom at this time yesterday.,用于含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中。 若when / while引导的从句的动作发生了，主句的动作正在进行，则从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。如： When her mother came in, May was playing the piano. I was cooking in the kitchen when you called me. While the students laughed, the teacher was writing some w

35、ords on the board.,注意：when / while引导的从句都可表示过去发生的动作，但when从句中的动词可以是瞬间动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 若when / while引导的从句的动作正在进行，主句的动作发生了，则从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。如： He met his friend when he was studying in London. I began cooking while the water was heating.,while引导的状语从句还可表示从句的动作正在进行的同时，主句的动作也在进行之中。如： Wh

36、ile Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 有时由上下文表示出来。如： You were out when I dropped in at your house Oh, I was waiting for a friend from England at the airport,二、句式结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were +动词-ing形式 +其他. 否定句：主语+ was / were + not +动词- ing形式+其他. 一般疑问句：Was / Were +主语+动词-ing 形式+其他?,

37、三、与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时强调动作在过去“正在进行”；一般过去时则强调动作“发生”在过去或状态在过去“存在”。试比较： Sue was writing an e-mail to her friend at that time. (强调“正在写”) Sue wrote an e-mail to her friend last night. (强调发生了“写”的动作) Sue was tired last night. (强调过去的状态),although, so that和until (Unit 4),although是连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，同though一样引导让步状语从句。它们引

38、导的让步状语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。另外，在英语中although或though不能和but同时出现在一个句子中，但它们之间可进行句型转换。如：,Although / Though we lost the game this time, we are a good team. He ran out to look for his dog(,) although / though it was raining heavily at that time. Although / Though he liked the toy plane very much, he didnt buy

39、 it.= He liked the toy plane very much, but he didnt buy it.,so that是连词，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can, could, may等词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用这类词，意为“因此；结果”。如： I opened the window so that the fresh air could come in. (引导目的状语从句) The class was boring so that some of the students fell asl

40、eep. (引导结果状语从句),until可作介词，也可作连词。 当句子为肯定句时，until表示句子的动作或主句的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间或until引导的从句动作发生或状态出现为止，这时意为“一直到时(为止)”，这时句中或主句中的动词为延续性动词。如： I slept until ten this morning. Lets wait until the rain stops.,当句子为否定句时，until表示句子的动作或主句的动作在until短语所表示的时间或until引导的从句动作发生或状态出现之后开始，这时意为“直到才”。如： I didnt sleep until

41、ten last night. I didnt begin to work until Paul had gone.,1. My sister with my parents _ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making (2018 兰州),从A、B、C(、D)三或四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。,C,2. I called you yesterday evening. But nobody answered. Oh, sorr

42、y. Maybe I _ in the bathroom at that time. A. take a shower B. took a shower C. was taking a shower (2018 威海),C,3. Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, _ he is only four years old. A. if B. though C. for D. since (2018 安徽),B,4. Whats the matter, Jack? I _ down while I _ on the ic

43、e. I got hurt badly. A. was falling; skated B. fell; was skating C. fell; skated D. was falling; was skating (2017 四川达州),B,5. A little monkey might feel sad because of having a new baby sister or brother! Yeah. I didnt know that _ I saw the film Born in China. A. if B. until C. since D. although (2017 山东东营),B,6. Mom, I took my partners math book home by mistake. What should I do? Well, you should call her _ you can say sorry to her. A. as if B. so that C. even though D. ever since (2017 湖北襄阳),