物流专业英语Unit-Two课件.ppt

1、Unit Two Logistics Information Unit Two Logistics Information ManagementManagementv1.What is logistics information?v2.What is logistics information management?v3.How many kinds of logistics information technology do you know?Please give some examples.Pre-reading Discussion1 Part of an organizations

2、ability to use logistics as a competitive weapon is based on its ability to adjust logistics performance in real time.This means the ability to monitor customers demands and inventory levels as they occur.A logistics information system which will impact all of the logistics activities must be integr

3、ated.Such system also must Introductionbe integrated with other members of the supply chain,to provide accurate information throughout the channel from the earliest supplier to the final customer.Logistics Information 2 Logistics information can be considered in both narrow and broad ways.According

4、to a narrow definition,logistics information means the information related to the logistics activities,such as transportation,storage,package,distribution processing,etc.To be more specific,selecting transporting tools,choosing optimal route,determining quantity of unit delivery,tracing goods in tra

5、nsit,maintaining high level utilization of storage facilities,improving standard of customer services,all need thorough and precise logistics information.3 In a broad point of view,logistics information also contains commodities trading information and marketing i n f o r m a t i o n.C o m m o d i t

6、 i e s t r a d i n g information means selling and purchasing information,order and acceptance information,delivering and receiving information and so on.Marketing information means the information concerned with market activities,such as consumers demand information,competitors and competitive prod

7、ucts information,sales and p r o m o t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n f o r m a t i o n,t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n infrastructure information.4 Nowadays,logistics information is closely related to commodities trading information and marketing information.This broad co

8、nception of logistics information can both integrate manufacturers,wholesalers,retailers and the final customers,and make the high efficiency of the whole supply chain possible by implementing information technology.It is to say,logistics can helpeach enterprise to efficiently control the activities

9、 of planning,coordinating,customer services and so on.5 Logistics information is one of the key factors of logistics system.It has its own features.(1)Large Quantity:Logistics information generates from logistics activities and the exchanges of commodities.The flourishing trading activities lead to

10、increasing quantity of logistics information.And the trend is going to continue.(2)Fast Changing:New trends of logistics activities,such as small quantity but more varieties production,and high frequent delivery bring fast changing of logistics information.(3)Various Sources:Logistics information in

11、cludes both the information from internal and external.Production information and inventory information are examples of internal information.Outside the enterprise,the information of public infrastructures and other competitive organizations is also very important.Logistics Information Management6 L

12、ogistics information management is defined as the information processing of collecting,reconciling,communicating,storage and utilizing of all the information generated from logistics operations.7 Logistics information management is not only about dealing with the information about procurement,sellin

13、g,storage,transportation and other logistics activities,but also every decisionmaking about supplier selection,marketing plan andcustomer analysis,including providing solution,collecting and analyzing all kinds of logistical information data based on data processing abilities of a computer.Through t

14、hese analyses,better decisions can be made.Enterprises can then improve their production efficiency and overall performances,and enhance their competitive advantages.The traits of logistics information management are specialization,wide range and flexibility.It is obvious that logistics information

15、management isspecialized to deal with the logistics information and to help the day-to-day task of logistics activities.And the object is of wide range.It can involve goods conditions,staff facilities and equipment information,operation techniques and methods information,time-space information,etc.v

16、 8 For an enterprise,logistics information management has two aspects,within the enterprise and among enterprises.Within the enterprise,information is mainly about manufacturing and selling.Among enterprises,things become more complicated:procurement ordering,POS data collecting and forecasting,cust

17、omer analyzing and interaction.v 9 According to the process of logistics operation,information management can be identified as material requirement information management,procurement v information management,inventory information management,and transportation information management.Mode of Logistics

18、 Information Managementv 10Manual managing is based on paper work.That means data information would be manually recorded,calculated,and reconciled.It is what happened in the past.Now,some changes have taken place.Subsystematic managing is now a method used by a large number of companies.It focuses o

19、n a single activity,with the help of computer to manage the information flow,like POS and WMS.More and more companies turn to systematic managing style.It is based on computer and network technology,to integrate several subsystemsvand share the information to realize a higher total efficiency.11Auto

20、 identification systems such as bar coding and electronic scanning are developed to facilitate logistics information collection and exchange.Increased domestic and international competition is driving shippers,carriers,warehouses,wholesalers,and retailers to develop and utilize Auto ID c a p a b i l

21、 i t y t o c o m p e t e i n t o d a y s marketplace,to replace former paper-based information collection and exchangeLogistics Information Management Technologyprocesses that were errorprone and time-consuming.12Bar Code is the placement of computer readable codes on items,cartons,containers,pallet

22、s,and even rail cars.It is usually dark ink on a light background to create high and low reflectance.Bar code stores data in the widths and spacing of printed parallel lines.It can be read by optical scanners called bar code readers or scanned from an image byspecial software.Most consumers are awar

23、e of the Universal Product Code(UPC)that is present on virtually all consumer products.UPC bar codes,first used in 1972,assign a unique 12-digit number to each manufacturer and product.Standardized bar codes reduce errors when receiving,handling,or shipping products.For example,a bar code distinguis

24、hes package size and flavor.European Article Numbering(EAN)is the European and United Nationsstandard for bar coding of items.It is likely that the UPC and EAN systems will become more harmonized due to pressures of global trade.13Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)is an automatic identification me

25、thod,relying on storing and remotely retrieving data-using devices called RFID tags.Most RFID tags contain at least two parts.One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information.The other is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.It can be used to identify a container o

26、r its contents as it moves through facilities or on transportation equipment.RFID places a coded electronic chip in the container or box.As the container or box moves through the logistics process,it can be scanned for an identifying code or even for the list of contents.Retailers begin to use RFID

27、to allow entire cartloads of merchandise to be scanned simultaneously.14EDI is short for Electronic Data Interchange,defined as intercompany computertocomputer exchange of business documents in standard formats to facilitate highvolume transactions.EDI are quickly becoming the standard for effective

28、,accurate,and low-cost information exchange,like internet.It involves both the capability and practice of communicating information between two organizations electronically instead of via the traditional forms of mail,courier,or even fax.15GPS is short for Global Positioning System,which is based on

29、 satellite technology.GPS allows communication across a wide geographic area such as a region or even the world.The technology is similar to microwave dishes used for home television in areas outside the reach of cable.This satellite based technology provides a fast and high-volume channel for infor

30、mation movement around the globe.Logistics participators can mount on their trucks to enable two-way communication between drivers and their dispatchers.Such real timeinteraction provides up-to-date information regarding location and delivery information and allows dispatchers to redirect trucks bas

31、ed on need or congestion.16To successfully manage the vast volume of logistics information generated from the active logistics operations,a logistics information system is needed.Logistics information system is usually a subset of a firms total information system,and it is directed to the particular

32、 problems of logistics decision-making.Like other information systems,logistics information system is also based on computer and network technologies.The key point is the systematic conception,integrating all the factors of logistics operation,and processing the data to optimize the decision-making.

33、Logistics Information Management System17The distinct elements of the information system are input,the database and its associated manipulation,the output.First of all,acquiring the data items needed for the logistics system from customers,company records,published data and management.After determin

34、ing the content of the database,data maintaining,processing and analyzing is followed up.Then,the final step is output.It reports the result of data process and analysis.And efficient decision will be made upon these outputs.It is why we say the major purpose of the system is to be a decision support tool for planning and operating.