计算机专业英语Unit-2-Hardware课件.ppt
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- 计算机专业 英语 Unit Hardware 课件
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1、HardwarePassage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerTraining target:In this part,our target is to train your reading comprehension.We have made the flexible sentences strong black and marked the subject,predicate and have object of them.Try to grasp the main idea of these sentences.主语、谓语、宾语Passa
2、ge One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerA computer is just a machine,but a computer system consists of two main elements:the machine and programs.Like a person,a computer system is composed of two parts:the bonehardware and the soulsoftware.The central idea of a computing system is that input is
3、processed into output.Input is the data which is entered into the computer,and output is the result of processing done by the computer,usually printed out or displayed on the screen.Let us get closer to the computer from the basic components.When talking about computers,such image as Pic 2.1 will ap
4、pear in our mind:a display screen known as the basic output device,a keyboard usually together with a mouse as the basic input device,and a cabinet known as a machine box.program n.程序hardware n.硬件software n.软件component n.部件display screen 显示器output device 输出设备keyboard n.键盘mouse n.鼠标input device 输入设备c
5、abinet n.匣子,机壳Passage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerPassage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerWith the development of science and technology,the modern computer becomes more and more flexible,and the hardware family becomes stronger and stronger.A lot of new peripherals appear.These
6、peripherals can be classified into two groupsinput devices and output devices.Input devices(Pic 2.2),as the name suggests,are any hardware components that allow you to put the data,programs and commands into the computer.One of the most important input devices is the keyboard.Users can type in text
7、or enter keyboard commands using the keyboard.Another device which can be used to input data is a scanner.This electronic device is used to transfer an image such as text,or pictures into the computer.The most useful pointing device is a mouse,which allows the user to point to elements on the screen
8、.And there are some other input devices,such as microphone,PC camera,digital camera,joystick,graphics tablet and light pen.flexible adj.灵活的peripheral n.外围设备scanner n.扫描机pointing device 定点设备microphone n.麦克风PC camera 摄像头digital camera 数码相机joystick n.游戏杆graphics tablet 图形写字板light pen 光笔Passage One A Br
9、ief Introduction to the ComputerPassage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerOutput devices(Pic 2.3)are devices that let you see what the computer has accomplished.Several devices are used to display the output from a computer.The favorite monitor is the LCD,which is slim and takes up little spac
10、e,and displays text and images with greater clarity.Another important output device is the printer,which allows the user to copy the data in the computer into the paper.Speakers and headphones allow the listener to hear audio data,such as speech or music through the computer.And there are some other
11、 output devices,such as projector and facsimile machine.LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)abbr.液晶显示器 speaker n.扬声器headphone n.耳机audio n.音频projector n.投影仪facsimile machine 传真机Passage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerPassage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerAll the components of a computer that
12、 we can see and feel are hardware.They work together to help us with our daily work.Then what is software?Software,also called a computer program,is a set of commands which the computer understands and follows,and a set of instructions that tell the hardware of a computer what to do.These commands a
13、nd instructions perform tasks which the user wants the computer to do.Do you know how a computer can manage so many devices?The real secret lies in the machine box.When we take the cover off a small computer and look inside,the real computer appears in front of us,we will see a few circuit boards,so
14、me wires and some cables.In fact,the motherboard is the most important part in the machine box.Two main components on the motherboard are the CPU and mand n.命令instruction n.指令wire n.导线cable n.电缆线motherboard n.母板,主板CPU(Central Processing Unit)abbr.中央处理器memory n.内存Passage One A Brief Introduction to t
15、he ComputerThe CPU is sometimes referred to as the processor.It is the electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.The CPU is the control and data processing center of the whole computer system.You can simply regard it as a skillful cook,the onl
16、y difference is just that the cook processes meat and vegetable,and makes them become delicious dishes.Here meat and vegetables are the input for the cook,and some dishes certainly are the output from the cook.Now turn back to our CPU,it can process the digital data from an input device,and output t
17、hem to an output devices.Just like the excellent cook we mentioned before,he must need a number of empty plates around him,which stored meats and vegetables processed by the cook,thats a great help for his cooking.And after dinner,the plates should be cleaned up.Memory stores information processed b
18、y the CPU.The data stream can flow from the CPU into memory or on the contrary.Memory consists of RAM and ROM.Any information in RAM will be lost when the computer is turned off,just like that the plates be cleaned by the cook.cook n.厨师digital data 数字数据data stream 数据流RAM(Random Access Memory)abbr.随机
19、存取存储器contrary n.相反ROM(Read Only Memory)abbr.只读存储器Passage One A Brief Introduction to the ComputerMost of the devices connected to the computer communicate with CPU in order to carry out a task.The CPU controls the data flow on the inner Bus,there are three kinds of Buses used in our computer:AB,DB a
20、nd CB.The most popular bus to be used on a motherboard is a PCI bus.That is peripheral components interface bus.The CPU uses storage to hold data,instructions and information for future use.Storage also called secondary storage,auxiliary storage,Think of storage as a little cabinet used to hold file
21、 folders,and memory as the top of your desk.When you need a file,you can get it from the filing cabinet(storage)and place it on your desk(memory).When you finish a file,you return it to the filing cabinet(storage).The items in storage are retained even when power is removed from the computer.inner B
22、us 内部总线AB(Address Bus)abbr.地址总线DB(Data Bus)abbr.数据总线CB(Control Bus)abbr.控制总线PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)abbr.外设部件互连auxiliary storage辅助存储器file folder 文件夹filing cabinet 文件柜retain v.保留Passage One A Brief Introduction to the Computerhardware n.硬件 software n.软件keyboard n.键盘 mouse n.鼠标printer n.
23、打印机 scanner n.扫描机speaker n.音箱 projector n.投影仪wire n.导线 cable n.电缆线motherboard n.母板,主板 memory n.内存instruction n.指令 headphone n.耳机speaker n.扬声器 audio n.音频scanner n.扫描机 joystick n.游戏杆microphone n.麦克风 peripheral n.外围设备output device 输出设备 input device 输入设备 Key WordsPassage One A Brief Introduction to the
24、Computerdisplay screen 显示器 light pen 光笔auxiliary storage 辅助存储器 inner Bus 内部总线file folder 文件夹 facsimile machine 传真机digital data 数字数据 data stream 数据流pointing device 定点设备 PC camera 摄像头 digital camera 数码相机 command n.命令graphics tablet 图形写字板 CPU(Central Processing Unit)abbr.中央处理器RAM(Random Access Memory)a
25、bbr.随机存取存储器ROM(Read Only Memory)abbr.只读存储器LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)abbr.液晶显示器 PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)abbr.外设部件互连AB(Address Bus)abbr.地址总线DB(Data Bus)abbr.数据总线CB(Control)Bus abbr.控制总线Key WordsPassage Two How Does a Computer Work?Training target:In this part our target is to train your
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