西蒙波伏瓦《第二性》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Simone de Beauvoir:Introduction to the Second SexMarch 22,2006S.de Beauvoir and J.P.SartreThe Second Sex Woman as the second sex The second sex derived from the first sex Women in the position of the“other”What does it mean to be an“other”?I and the other We and the otherThe Second Sex(1949)Beginnin
2、g of second wave of feminism Main idea of the book Women as the second sex The second sex as derived from the first sex Women have been defined as secondary to men who have been seen as the primary sexDuality of the sexes Duality of sexes in the history of ideas The male and the female acc.to tradit
3、ional understanding that goes back to ancient philosophy The male is the rational being,the female deviates from the male Thomas Aquinas:“The female is an imperfect male”Traditional understanding of duality of the sexes Male Rationality Culture Mind,soul The role of men is to be pater familias and g
4、overn society Female Body Nature Emotions The role of women is to bear and rear childrenThe Second sexThe division of consciousness in“self”and“other”Men have better chances,have a better position of powerSexual differenceImmanence:To be stuck in a condition,not be able to go beyond itWomen are poor
5、er(still women only one ca 3%-5%of the wealth of the world)Simone de Beauvoir:Introduction to the Second SexOther minorities(Blacks in US,Jews etc.Other minorities(Blacks in US,Jews etc.Simone de Beauvoir:Introduction to the Second SexThe male is the rational being,the female deviates from the maleO
6、ther minorities(Blacks in US,Jews etc.Men and women should work togetherMain idea of the bookSex and GenderWhat does it mean to be an“other”?Women are not a minority in the same manner as for example Blacks in the USThe second sex derived from the first sexWomen according to traditional duality of t
7、he sexes Women are“dangerous”in the public sphere because they are“unprdictable”as they are determined by their emotions(Hegel)Women should not to be allowed to take part in politics Women should keep silent in the church(Apostle Paul)Traditional duality of the sexes and Essentialism According to tr
8、aditional dualisitic theories about sexual difference:Sexual difference is understood to be based on different anatomy of the sexes The anatomy of women predestines them to fulfill certain roles Women are thus“essentially”different from men Old believe that there is a womens nature or essence This b
9、elief is the basis of traditional ideas about the division of sexual roles in societyEssentialism about sexual difference Womens essence=women have certain attributes,all women and everywhere and at all times This is biological essentialism According to it women have biological basis that makes them
10、 cognitively and morally different from men(less rational and less morally accountable)Essentialism Essentialism about sexual difference is therefore a very much criticized doctrine Impossible doctrine:Essence means that all women have to be in a certain way If there is one exception to this it is i
11、mpossible to talk about essence of all women Is it nevertheless possble to talk about sexual difference?Sexual difference Men and women are different,biologically Are they different psychologically,cognitively?Perhaps not much more than men are different from one another,just as women are different
12、from one another But are there“tendencies”or“styles”that are common to women and common to men that could allow us to define sexual difference?PerhapsEssentialism Has there been an essentialism about men?According to Beauvoir not to the same degree as about women Men have been associated with being“
13、human”.The human is man.Woman has thus been considered less than human in the history of our culture Men have been the measure according to which women have been defined.The woman is defined according to which she lacks being a man(Aristotle)But are there“tendencies”or“styles”that are common to wome
14、n and common to men that could allow us to define sexual difference?The female is the other,the lesserWomen should get out of immanence,and use their transcendenceThe woman is defined according to which she lacks being a man(Aristotle)The female is the other,the lesserI and the otherThe human is man
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