读书报告5-增二氧化碳浓度增氮供应对减少一枝黄花属叶片疾病和光合作用的影响课件.ppt
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1、Elevated CO2 and increased N supply reduce leaf disease and related photosynthetic impacts on Solidago rigida提高提高CO2浓度和增加浓度和增加N供应对减少一枝黄花属供应对减少一枝黄花属叶片疾病和光合作用的影响叶片疾病和光合作用的影响 Joachim Strengbom Peter B.ReichOecologia(2006)149:519525 期刊介绍生态学(Oecologia),国际生态学会出版,在ISI科技引文生态学类期刊中位于前列,此刊物主要登载关于生理生态学、种群生态学、植物
2、动物相互关系、生态系统生态学、群落生态学、生态保护方面的文章,也刊登一些评论性文章及生态学研究方法进展方面的学术论文。主编:J.R.Ehleringer(Salt Lake City),C.H.Peterson(Morehead City),M.Schaefer(Gottingen),E.D.Schulze(Bayreuth)作者介绍 My gains and Thinking Introduction Discussion Results Materials and methodsOUTLINEIntroduction12Why?Evaluated whether leaf spot dis
3、ease and related effects on photosynthesis are influenced by increased nitrogen(N)input and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration(CO2).Introduction评估增加氮供给和提高大气CO2浓度对叶斑病和光合作用的影响 Pathogenic fungi may have a profound impact on plant communities by influencing various ecosystem processes such as primar
4、y productivity and plant community structure.引起疾病的真菌在生态系统进程中对植物群落有深刻的影响,比如,主要生产力和植物群落结构 Human related activities are known to increase atmospheric CO2 concentration CO2and the rate of nitrogen(N)deposition,which independently or in combination are likely to have large effects on structure and functi
5、on in terrestrial plant communities.与人类相关的活动被认为是大气CO2 浓度的增加和N素储存速率的增加,不论是其单独的或是相联合的活动,都可能很大程度上影响到地球植物群落的结构和功能Introduction Increased knowledge of how interactions between plants and pathogens may vary with changes in these abiotic global change factors may be required to accurately predict their effe
6、cts on plant ecosystem functioning and structure in the future.增加一些了解,在全球非生命因素改变下植物和病原体是如何进行相互作用的,也许可以精确的预测将来它们对植物生态系统功能和结构的影响。Although it is well established that leaf diseases reduce the photosynthetic capacity of plants and that elevated CO2 and increased N input may influence the photosynthetic
7、rates of plants.尽管叶片疾病会减少植物光合作用能力,但是提高CO2 浓度和增加N的输入会影响植物的光合速率。Introduction we do not know of any studies that have examined how negative effects on photosynthetic rates from pathogenic fungi are affected by simultaneous increase in CO2 and N supply.我们不知道有哪一个研究调查过同时存在增加CO2 浓度和供应N的情况下引起疾病的真菌对光合速率有怎样的消
8、极影响IntroductionIntroductionfungico2NWe examined disease incidence and photosynthetic rate of Solidago rigida grown in monoculture under ambient or elevated(560mol/mol-1)CO2 and ambient or elevated(+4 g N m-2year-1)N conditions in a field experiment in Minnesota,USA.我们检测了美国明尼苏达州生长在环境单作下的一枝黄花属和生长在增加CO
9、2浓度和提高N的条件下一枝黄花属的发病率和光合速率。Study site and experimental design Disease incidence and severity Gas exchange and relative photosynthetic rate Plant biomass,N content,and chemical analyses Statistical analysesMaterials and methodsMaterials and methodsBioCON:Biodiversity,Carbon dioxide,and Nitrogen effect
10、s on ecosystem functioning http:/www.lter.umn.edu/biocon/Materials and methodsCO2(560mol/mol-1)CO2(368mol/mol-1)N:fertilized with NH4NO3at a rate of 4gN/m-2year-1.experimental design10m In the present study,we used a subset of plots(monocultures of S.rigida)within this experiment.在这次研究中,我们用单作的一枝黄花属作
11、为本次试验小区的子集。Materials and methodsFor the S.rigida plots,each treatment is replicated twice(n=2,eight plots in total)对于小区来说,每一个处理设两次重复,一共八个小区。Disease incidence and severity In mid-June 2003,we estimated the disease incidence by scoring leaves of S.rigida for leaf spot diseases in each study plot。2003年
12、6月中旬我们通过对一枝黄花属具有划痕叶片的叶斑病的了解在每一个小区内评估了疾病的发生率。Materials and methods We used the UTHSCSA Image Tool program(version 3.00)to manually digitalize the leaf area and the area with visual lesions.我们用UTHSCSA图像处理分析工具对叶片区域和可以看见的有损伤的区域进行处理。Materials and methods The majority of the lesions on diseased leaves wer
13、e due to infection by Cercospora sp.在生病的叶上损伤的多数部分是由尾孢属影响的。On a few leaves,we also found a few conidia of Septoria sp.,indicating that this pathogen was also present.在少数的叶片上,我们也发现了少量的壳针孢属的分生孢子,这标志着这些病原体也出现。Materials and methods Gas exchange and relative photosynthetic rate After scoring the plot leve
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