阅读理解专题推理判题课件.ppt

1、阅读理解专题-推理判断题 There are three men on a train.Mr A speaks English and Chinese.Mr B speaksFrench and English.Mr C can only talk with Mr A.What language does Mr C speak?Chinese.1.Question forms:It can be inferred from the text that .From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about,

2、what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).全面分析全面分析 2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a c

3、lock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.（1分钟）分钟）The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.3.Practice:(passage1)Severa

4、l different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age;today only two exist.The wood bison is the larger of the two,and is now found mostly in western Canada.Better known in the United States is the Plains bison,or buffalo.At one time,herds of these animals could be s

5、ighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.The author implies that several types of bison_.A.live outside the United Stated and Canada B.are well adapted to swampy terrain C.existed before the Ice Age D.have been killed or have died outP32.I

6、t is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach.Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it.If you dont turn it back over,all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die.The passage implies that rocks _.A.hurt sea animals B.protect sea animal

7、sC.wont be found on beaches D.cant be found on beachesThe passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment,it was _.A.very cleanB.just cleaned by the landlordC.tidy and comfortableD.dirty and full of insectsOne day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shopassistant，“I need two small

8、 mice and about five dozenroaches（蟑螂）（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）（蜘蛛）.”“What do youneed these things for?”the shop assistant was verysurprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out ofmy apartment and the landlord insists that I should leavethe house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”5.What can

9、 we know from the last paragraph?A.Mary feels pity for herself.B.Mary has recovered from her disease.C.Mary wants to help others as much as possible.DMary determines to go back to the dance floor.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forcedher to the sidelines of the dance floor，she ref

10、uses to fallinto selfpity.“Everybody on earth can ask，whyme？about something or other，”she insists.“It doesntdo any good.No one is immune(免疫的免疫的)to heartachepain，and disappointments.Sometimes we can makethings better by helping others.Ive come to realize theimportance of that as Ive grown up this sec

11、ond time.Iwant to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”4 What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A.Happiness comes from peaceful life in the countryB.Health is more important than moneyC.The harmony between man and nature is important D.Good old days will never be forgottenThen the

12、people realized what was happening.It was thefrog.They hadnt been useless.They had been doing animportant jobeating insects.Now with so many frogskilled,the insects were increasing more rapidly.They weredamaging the crops and spreading diseases.Now,the peaple are still poor.But in the evenings they

13、sitin the village square and listen to sounds of insects andfrogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deepermeaning.5topic sentence说明文中作者的态度:objective neutral （中立的）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive(积极的)(2)negative(3)neutral (中立的)(4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)sarcastic（讽刺的）(8)critical (批评的)(9)op

14、timistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的(赞成的)不赞成的乐观的悲观的1.Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。What is the authors attitude towards the moderntechnology?A.Critical B.Objective.C.Op

15、timistic.D.Negative.There was a time when some peoples lives were devotedsimply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.No multitasking there;their lives went on at a muchgentler pace,and in a familiar pattern.There is much thatwe might envy about a way of life like this.Yet before wedo

16、 so,we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced;they farmed with bare hands,often lived close to hunger,and had to fashion tools from wood and stone.Modernmachinery has freed people from that primitive existence.6Passage 5.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of an

17、ger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的)health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its

18、a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应).（2分钟）According to the author,which of the following statements is true?A.Crying is the best way to get help from others.B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D.We must cry if we want to red

19、uce pressure.Passage6.Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities.Of course,there have always been people who have looked for adventure-those who have climbed the highest mountains,traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across t

20、he greatest oceans.Now,however,there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity,which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity.You jump from a high place(perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon)2

21、00 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles.You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground.It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping.Other activities which most people would say as ris

22、ky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.Not very long ago,peoples lives were

23、 constantly in danger.They had to go out and hunt for food,diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）.Nowadays,according to many people,life offers little excitement.They live and work in comparatively safe conditions;they buy food in shops;and there are doc

24、tors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.（5分钟）The writer of the text has a _ attitude（态度）towards dangerous sports.A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）D.nervous1.Question forms:(1)考查

25、整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C.are me

26、ntioned in the first paragraph to _.2.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。to make people laugh;to tell an interesting experience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a

27、service;to attract more visitors/readers/audience多见于多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.3.技巧点拨技巧点拨(1)根据根据文体类别文体类别推断写作目的推断写作目的(2)从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的Passage7.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves

28、came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.（1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the t

29、opic C.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer them The Cost of Higher EducationMany people believe that higher education should be freebecause it is good for the economy(经济经济).Many graduatesclearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all thebusinesses that invest(投资投资)an

30、d create jobs.If you believethat the government should pay for higher educationbecause graduates are economically productive,youshould also believe that the government should pay part ofbusiness costs.Anyone promising to create jobs shouldreceive a gift of capital from the government to invest.There

31、fore,it is the individual,not the government,whoshould pay for their university education.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to _.Aargue against free university education Bcall on them to finance students studies Cencourage graduates to go into business Dshow their contribution t

32、o higher education8Passage8 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every

33、day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the womans

34、 home.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.（3分钟）The writer wrote the story in order to_.A.show that elephants are very clever B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal C.show tha

35、t women care more for animals than men do D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 1.Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2.解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸(2)广告 (3)产品说明：Passage9（全国卷

36、）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and earl

37、y morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taki

38、ng the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _.（2分钟）A.textbook B.newsreel C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicinePassage10 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a

39、third floor window.Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you could be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure

40、 you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or colle

41、ction using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the co

42、urt that you have been excused from wearing it.（3分钟）This text is taken from _.A.a medical magazine B.a police report C.an advertisement（广告）D.a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to$50Remember you may be taken to cou

43、rt you may be fined a police report Dont wander aimlessly through life.Get confused onyour goals,start helping others in need,and live life to thefullest!Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit myblog and find what youve been missing.Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks,too!R

44、ead hundredsof articles while youre there in the article section,which isupdated daily.This text must be taken from _A a radio program B.a websiteC.a newspaper D.a TV program92.解题技巧解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。1.Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The

45、 paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.Passage 11 When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of alteri

46、ng their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domesti

47、cation of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization（城市化）1.1.推断隐含意义推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关必须吃透相关文段的意思。文段的意思。2.2.推断作者的写作意图，应当推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句关注主题句,同时把握文章的体同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。总结总结3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。4.推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。