风电系统仿真课件.pptx

1、 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20221Wind Turbine System SimulationRyan MagargleYeong-Yan PerngEric LinAnsys,Inc.2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20222OutlineBackgroundMotivationWind Turbine SystemHigh Fidelity SimulationMechanical(CFD+Structural)Electrical 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20223BackgroundRenewable Energy Wo

2、rldwideHydro,Wind,Solar,BiomassTotal renewable power capacity 1.23TWPower Generation,Fossil,63%Nuclear12%Hydro20%Power Generation,Wind,3%Solar1%Biomass1%Misc0%Renewables27%Total Power Generation4.8TW1.23TWSource:REN21 2010 status report:http:/ 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20224BackgroundWind Energy Stand

3、s Out World WideLargest increase in power generation(2009)+38GW wind Followed by+30GW hydro and+7GW solarUS is the largest user of wind energySource:REN21 2010 status report:http:/ Power(GW)2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20225MotivationWhere is Future Wind Power Going?Government mandates require that utili

4、ties supply a minimum amount of renewable energy.Graphics source NREL:http:/www.windpoweringamerica.gov/pdfs/wpa/37627_rps.pdf 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20226MotivationWhat is the Wind Power Potential in the US?Onshore capacity 10TW,offshore 1TW 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20227MotivationWhat are Wind Pow

5、er Challenges?Onshore/OffshoreVariability in wind speedRadar interferenceTransmission costHarsh environment reliabilityScaling up size for more power 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20228MotivationWhy is Simulation Important?ElectricalAs wind power is ramped up,the voltage and frequency of the grid becomes

6、less dependent on fixed sources and more dependent on wind dynamics.MechanicalAs turbines increase in size and number,aerodynamic efficiency,securing foundations and identifying vibration becomes very important.Reduce Risk/Increase ReliabilityEvaluate performance before issues arise 2012 ANSYS,Inc.A

7、ugust 7,20229Wind TurbineWhat makes a wind turbine?Source:Department of Energy,http:/www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html#dInsideOutsidebladesnacelletowerfoundation 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202210ANSYS CAE for Wind PowerBlade designRotor SizingSite selectionTower design and FSIGenerator an

8、d shaft designWind farm configuration 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202211Power Grid 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202212Electrical SimulationMachines and DrivesControllersPower ElectronicsGeneratorsBusbars 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202213Electrical SimulationPower Transmission and DistributionPower LinesHV Termi

9、nationsTransformersSwitch Gear 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202214ANSYS Multiphysics SolutionsSimplorer Electro-Mechanical System AnalysisANSYS MechanicalStress and Modal AnalysisANSYS CFDWind Power AnalysisMaxwell Electrical Machines and Drives 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,2022150000EQUICA:LIMITlmt1100%1 12T

10、VSI_3ph_avgVSI3ph_A1A_1B_1C_1A_2B_2C_2U3stator_connect5ABC+VVM1B6UD1D3D5D2D4D6B6U1C2EQUICA:A1B1C1N1A2B2C2N2ROT1ROT20000EQUICA:LIMITlmt1100%1 12TVSI_3ph_avgVSI3ph_A1A_1B_1C_1A_2B_2C_2U3stator_connect5ABC+VVM1B6UD1D3D5D2D4D6B6U1C2EQUICA:A1B1C1N1A2B2C2N2ROT1ROT2Complete Turbine SystemDQ Power and Curre

11、nt ControllersSpace Vector ModulatorRectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridPower DeliveredGenerator CurrentWind Source 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202216Modeling Wind PowerWind acts as prime mover and creates torque on the blades.0000EQUICA:LIMITlmt1100%1 12TVSI_3ph_avgVSI3ph_A1A_1B_1C_1A_2B_2C_2U3stato

12、r_connect5ABC+VVM1B6UD1D3D5D2D4D6B6U1C2EQUICA:A1B1C1N1A2B2C2N2ROT1ROT2RectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridWind SourceSwitchgearGearboxParameters:Wind Speed Rotor Speed Blade Angle 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202217WB Project SchematicAutomated parametric runs for wind power data generation 2012 ANSYS

13、,Inc.August 7,202218Geometry in DesignModeler 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202219CFD Mesh 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202220Mapping of Pressure in Mechanical 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202221Pre-Stressed Modal Analysis 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202222Modeling Turbine Generator Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorDesign

14、ed in RMxprt/Maxwell20kW,4 poles,1500rpm,85%efficiency 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202223Modeling Magnetic GearsMagnetic gears promise high torque and reliability with no contact for torque transmission.15rpm1500rpm100 xGear is needed to get blade rotation closer to grid frequency.Higher speed at genera

15、tor helps efficiency by reducing magnetization currents.Cycloid magnetic gear 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202224Modeling Power ControllersDQ oriented to separate active and reactive power.Power regulator gets reference from user or Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithmCurrent regulator gets reference f

16、rom power regulator and outputs reference to modulatorPI power regulatorPI current regulatorDQSeven stage modulator 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202225Modeling Power ElectronicsPassive rectifier converts 3 phase grid to DCActive inverter is controlled by SVM to convert DC to arbitrary 3phase AC for rotor

17、 control.2 level control from reference.Device level diodes and transistors.rectifierDC link3 phase inverterDatasheet IV curves 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202226Power Control ResultStep from 19 kW to 5 kW 1597rpm at generatorPLL Synchronized,Grid ConnectedSynchHold0VAR0VAR19kW5kWStable but unoptimized

18、controller 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202227Grid SynchronizationController synchronizes to grid before connection to reduce transients.2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202228SummaryWind energy has a strong future in renewable energy.Simulation helps predict reliability and capability.ANSYS solutions enable simu

19、lation for complete systems from generation,transmission,and distribution using comprehensive physics from fluid dynamics,mechanics,and electronics.2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202229Extra Slides 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202230Wind Turbine Generator Simulation using Simplorer 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,20223

20、1Multi Domain SystemsAutomotive and railway systems,electric drives,home appliances and other systems consist of a variety of components.Each component may influence the behavior of another component.Power SupplyConverter/DriverActuatorMechanic LoadAnalog ControlDigital Control 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August

21、 7,202232The Engineers ViewW03D03F13F23NE19NE20NE21NE22NE25IGRnI350.385PGRnP4.6710-10ui_refLIMITERui_refL-7.57.5uiEXTui_actiaDcmpMotor0.2NEGNEG2IGRiI45.446-1010PGRiP0.168uctrlSine1am:=315f:=50tET1L120uD1D2D3D4Ld1mA+AM1+VVM1D5R1100D6R2100C14000uC24000u+VVM2TR1TR2Formula :Formula :+MathematicsStateMac

22、hinesLumped Parameter CircuitsBlockDiagrams 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202233Electromechanical(EM)Design EnvironmentSimulation Data Bus/Simulator Coupling TechnologyModel DatabaseElectrical,Blocks,States,Machines,Automotive,Hydraulic,Mechanics,Power,SemiconductorsMaxwellCircuit SimulatorBlock Diagram S

23、imulatorState Machine SimulatorVHDL-AMS SimulatorMatlabRTWUDCMathCADMatlab SimulinkMaxwellC/C+Programming Interface(FORTRAN,C,C+etc.)Co-Simulation 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202234Turbine Generator System 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202235Electrical Machine and DriveThree Phase Induction MachineThyristor C

24、ontrolThe load torque as seen by the turbine,T_turbine is set by Tmax which is a function of time 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202236Active Output Load CompensationCompensation Capacitance Values are defined by a parameter:C_comC_com is incremented every T_con seconds by 100 farad 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7

25、,202237Transformer:High-Low Voltage 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,2022381.49k1.67k1.55k1.60k1.65k-30.0030.00-20.00020.0003.002.00Vout and Turbine SpeedVolt vm3.V V vm2.V V vm1.V Vrpm ASM_1.N rpmOutput Voltage and Turbine SpeedSoft Start 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202239ANSYS MultiphysicsIntroductionOffshoreS

26、tructural&ThermalSystemFluids 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202240Questions to be answeredDifferent Physics,different domainsFEA/CFD/Mooring/Power electronics/EMAs an integrator,there is a need to have a system global approachEach part of the system does not have to be analyzed with 3D solvers each timeTh

27、e system approach should be flexible enough to enable accurate simulations if needed 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202241ANSYS System Approach:Power Generation applicationWind TurbineGeneratorPower MetersTransformersElectrical NetworkNot Included:Reactive Power CompensationInverter 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7

28、,2022420000EQUICA:LIMITlmt1100%1 12TVSI_3ph_avgVSI3ph_A1A_1B_1C_1A_2B_2C_2U3stator_connect5ABC+VVM1B6UD1D3D5D2D4D6B6U1C2EQUICA:A1B1C1N1A2B2C2N2ROT1ROT20000EQUICA:LIMITlmt1100%1 12TVSI_3ph_avgVSI3ph_A1A_1B_1C_1A_2B_2C_2U3stator_connect5ABC+VVM1B6UD1D3D5D2D4D6B6U1C2EQUICA:A1B1C1N1A2B2C2N2ROT1ROT2Compl

29、ete Turbine SystemDQ Power and Current ControllersSpace Vector ModulatorRectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridPower DeliveredGenerator CurrentWind Source 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202243Wind Turbine model in SimplorerSimplifed analytical mechanical model of the turbineParameters:Wind Speed Rotor Spee

30、d Blade Angle 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202244Wind Turbine model in SimplorerInput:Wind ProfileOutput:TorqueAny wind profile can be entered 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202245Cosimulation with Rigid Body DynamicsTransient Structural(RBD)Crankshaft ModelANSYS Mech.Motor Shaft ROMControlInverter/ConverterPM

31、MotorThrottle ControlAutomotive Drive trainSimulinkSimplorerANSYS RBD 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202246Simplorer Design DetailsForces applied every cycleTwo forces out of phaseSmall starting torqueMeasure rotation(used in force calculation)2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202247Simulation ResultsForce Applied o

32、n PistonsRotational DisplacementRotational Velocity 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202248Model Order ReductionThermalMechanicalElectricalMooring 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202249System approach OverviewSystem DesignCircuit DesignTransient&Frequency DomainFEA Based Component DesignElectromagnetics,Thermal,Mechanical,CFD,MooringModel ExtractionModel Extraction 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202250Example:Automotive IntegrationSimulink 2012 ANSYS,Inc.August 7,202251R2R4ControlWind ProfileOffshore Windturbine System ModelingPosition/Motion ControlStructuralMooringCFD