-羟基酸和酮酸课件.ppt

1、Hydroxy Acid Keto AcidOHR C C C COHOCOOHOH10.1羟基羧的结构和命名COOHCHOHCH3CHCOOHCCHCOOHHOCOOHCOOHCHOHCH2COOHCOOHCHOHCHOHCOOH(K)(Na)乳酸柠檬酸苹果酸酒石酸(钾,钠)FellingCH3CH COOHOHCH2CH COOHOHHOOCCOOHOHHO CHCHCOOHHOCOOHCCH2COOHHOCH2COOHCOOHHOCH2COOHCH3CH(OH)COOHHOCH2CH2COOHCH3COOH 醇酸中羟基因受羧基的醇酸中羟基因受羧基的-I效应影响，比醇效应影响，比醇中羟基中

2、羟基更易被氧化更易被氧化，如，如-醇酸能与弱氧化剂醇酸能与弱氧化剂（如（如Tollens试剂）反应生成醛酸或酮酸。醇试剂）反应生成醛酸或酮酸。醇酸在体内的氧化通常是在酶催化下进行。酸在体内的氧化通常是在酶催化下进行。稀硝酸,托伦试剂不能氧化醇,但能将醇酸氧化成酮酸CH3CH COOHOH稀HNO3CH3C COOHO稀HNO3CH2COOHOHCHCOOHOCH3CH COOHOHTollens试剂CH3C COOHO+AgCH3COHCH2CH2COOHOHCH3CHCOOHOHRCHCOOHOH稀H2SO4RCHO +HCOOHRCCOOHOH稀H2SO4RRCOR +HCOOHCH3CH

3、 COOHOHHO C CHOOCH3H+-2H2OOOOOCH3H3CCH2CHHCHCOOHHOHCH3CH CHCOHO-H2OCH2CHCH2COHO主要主要CH2CH2CH2COHOHO-H2OOO 内酯(1,4-丁内酯)OO+NaOHHOCH2CH2CH2COONaCH2H2CCOHH2CCH2O HO-H2OOOCOOHOH200220OH+CO2COOH200220+CO2OHHOHOOHHOHO没食子酸,从植物中提取的一种酸,抗氧化剂CH3CCOOHOCH3CCH2COOHOHOOCCCH2COOHOCH3CCOOHOCH3CCH2COOHOCH3CHCOOHOHHOCH2C

4、H2COOHCH3CH2COOHRCCOOHOR CNHCOOHNH3/Pt(或酶)-H2O+HR CHNH3COO-+CH3CCOOHOH3C CNHCOOHNH3/Pt(或酶)-H2O+HH3C CHNH3COO-+RCCOOHOTollens试剂RCOO-+Ag +CO2丙酮酸与乳酸的鉴别RCCOOHORCH+CO2ORCOH+COOCH3COCH2COOH微热CH3COCH3+CO2CH3COCH2COOH+NaOH(浓)2CH3COONa +CO2CH3COCH2COOCH2CH3CH3C CHCOOCH2CH3OHOHC=COHC=CCH3COCH2COOCH2CH3CH3C CHCOOCH2CH3OHCH3C CHCOOCH2CH3OHBrBrCH3C CHCOOCH2CH3OBr羰基试剂HCN碘仿甲基酮FeCl3Br2Na颜色褪色放H2CH3CHOCH2CHOH由于烯醇式比例少,加Br不足以引起化学反应,不存在平衡移动 CH3COHOCHCOC2H5共轭CH2CCOOHOHC CH OC COHCH3CCOOHOCH3COHCHC CH3OCH3COCHCOCH3HCH3COHCHC CH3O