CriticalThinkingPartI-批判性思维课件.ppt

1、Critical Thinking Part 1Critical Thinking and Why It Is ImportantWhat is Critical Thinking and Why is it Important?Week 1 Class 1Expectations You should attend ALL classes unless you are too sick to come to school or approve the absence ahead of time If you miss a class,it is YOUR RESPONSIBILITY to

2、borrow notes from a friend,talk to the teacher,and make up any assignments you missed You must turn in all homework assignments on time.Late assignments may be submitted for corrections,but will NOT receive a grade Participation is required,you will only benefit from this class if you fully engage I

3、f you have questions,ask!If you dont want to ask in front of the class,see me afterwardGradesAttendance 15 points(1 point per class allowing 1 absence)Participation 15 points(5 points awarded in each third of the class,these can be gained through work in class or by talking with the teacher outside

4、of class)Homework 60 points(7 6-point assignments;2 14-point assignments)Quizzes 90 points(30points of Pop Quizzes;2 30-point take home exams)Final Exam 120 points(Comprehensive Final)Total 300 pointsReminder:Late work WILL NOT be accepted for a gradeWarm-Up Without talking,you must arrange yourselv

5、es from oldest(at the front of the class)to youngest(at the back of the class).Be as precise as possible.What is“Critical Thinking”?Critical thinking as a student means:finding out where the best evidence lies for the subject you are discussing;evaluating the strength of the evidence to support diff

6、erent arguments;coming to an interim conclusion about where the available evidence appears to lead;constructing a line of reasoning to guide your audience through the evidence and lead them towards your conclusion;selecting the best examples;and providing evidence to illustrate your argument.p.9incl

7、udes a commitment to using reason in the formulation of our beliefs”(Mulnix,2010)reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do”(Ennis,2002)Critical thinking is a cognitive process that uses a wide range of skills to identify and evaluate information and arguments to reach

8、an answer or a conclusion.“Critical thinking is that mode of thinking about any subject,content,or problem in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing,assessing,and reconstructing it.Critical thinking is self-directed,self-disciplined,self-monitored,and s

9、elf-corrective thinking.”(Foundation for Critical Thinking)Activity:Define“Critical Thinking”With a partner,write a definition for Critical Thinking that includes the parts you think are most important.Buzz Words:processargumentsunderstandanalyzeevidencecognitiveeffectivereasoning logicevaluateident

10、ifyweighconsiderrecognizesynthesizefocus1)Self-Evaluation(Pre-Test)2)Assessing Your Thinking SkillsHomework:-Make sure you have read Chapter 1 and completed the Reading QuestionsEnhancing Underlying Attention Skills and Creative Thinking IWeek 1 Class 2Return Assessments:-How did you do?-What areas

11、were weak?-What areas were strong?Class PlanCheck Reading QuestionsIf your name is NOT on the list you should First complete the riddles and trick questions sheet Second work on the logic grids(2)Third ONLY IF YOU COMPLETE THE FIRST TWO read Chapter 2 and complete the reading questionsYou may work i

12、n pairsYou may also attend any group session you wish!Close ReadingKaiJimTaylorCindyFionaPeterRobertJimmyHarryVanessaAndyMichaelReeceMomoKyleBobVinaLeoLuciaBillTomOwenLukeJasmineJillWeiIvyJasonMaxClose ReadingClose ReadingClose ReadingClose ReadingCategorizingKaiJimTaylorCindyFionaPeterRobertJimmyHa

13、rryVanessaAndyMichaelReeceBobLeoLuciaBillTomOwenLukeJillWeiIvyJasonMaxCategorizingCategorizingCategorizingCategorizingPondLakeSeaPoolIndianIrishIranianBolivianLairDenPenBurrowHutchBiologyChemistryPhysicsGeologyCreatesStellarEnginesSoothesDecideDeliverDenounceDevourNeverSevenCleverestSevereCategorizi

14、ngPondLakeSeaPoolIndianIrishIranianBolivianLairDenPenBurrow HutchBiology ChemistryPhysicsGeologyCreatesStellarEnginesSoothesDecideDeliverDenounceDevourNeverSevenCleverestSevereAnswersBodies of waterNationalitiesAnimal homesScience SubjectsSeven-letter wordsVerbs with the suffix“de-”Words containing“

15、eve”CategorizingMemoryLanguageProblem-solvingAppendicitisTonsillitisColonitisrotorminimdeedpeeptenetCheluviationIlluviationLeachingSalination2135568491OligarchyExarchyPlutarchyDemocracyCeteHerdColonyFlockDroveCategorizingMemoryLanguageProblem-solvingAppendicitisTonsillitisColonitisrotorminimdeedpeep

16、tenetCheluviationIlluviationLeachingSalination2135568491Oligarchy Exarchy PlutarchyDemocracyCeteHerdColonyFlockDroveAnswersCognitive SkillsInflammatory conditionsPalindromesTerms of Soil DevelopmentMultiples of 7Forms of governmentCollective nouns for types of animalsCategorizing TextIdentify which

17、two carry the most similar message.p.28Categorizing TextIdentify which two carry the most similar message.p.28Categorizing TextIdentify which two carry the most similar message.p.28Recognizing SimilaritiesJimTaylorCindyFionaPeterRobertJimmyHarryAndyMomoBobVinaLeoLuciaTomLukeJillJasonMaxWhat similari

18、ties do you notice between each Dog/Human pair?Do you agree or disagree,why or why not?How are the two pictures similar?Different?Following DirectionsJimCindyFionaHarryAndyLeoLuciaLukeJillIvySequenceFionaJimmyVanessaVinaWeiSequencesSequencesSequencesSequencesSequencesSequencesSequencesSequencesSeque

19、ncesSequencesSequencesSequencesComparisonTomBillVinaComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonActivity:Im going on a camping trip and Im bringing Your job is to discover the rule for what you can bring on the camping trip.

20、Homework:Read Chapter 2(you have already done a lot of this in class!)and complete Reading Questions Complete(at least)1 Math Logic Grid Discover Rule for:Going On A Camping TripEnhancing Underlying Attention Skills and Creative Thinking IIWeek 2 Class 1If your name is NOT on the list you should Fir

21、st complete the riddles and trick questions sheet or logic grid you did not complete in the previous class Second Work on a 20 questions puzzle Third Write your own 20 questions puzzle Fourth-ONLY IF YOU COMPLETE THE FIRST THREE read p.141 and Complete Critical Thinking Exercise 2:Fact or OpinionYou

22、 may work in pairsYou may also attend any group session you wish!Activity:Squiggles Find a partner Both should draw a squiggle on your paper Exchange papers Adding a few details,change the squiggle into a recognizable object Write a short explanation of your drawing Change partners and repeat!Gerald

23、 loved Christmas so much he wore his Santa Claus hat even in July!Activity:Stepping Through a Piece of Paper Get into groups of 5 Each group will receive 1 piece of A4 paper and 1 pair of scissors Your group has 5 minutes to figure out how to get at least one group member through the piece of paper

24、while keeping the paper in one piece.The first group to come up with and demonstrate its solution will receive 2 bonus points for each member toward the final grade in the class.Each group may ask for one additional piece of paper if necessaryActivity:Word Associations Get into a line The teacher wi

25、ll give the first person in line a word,that person will then give the first word that comes into his/her head.This process will continue until each class member has had a turn.At any point,if another student or the teacher wants to know WHY the student picked the word he/she did,that person may say

26、“Challenge.”If a word is challenged,the speaker must explain the relationship between the two words.Plants Green Envy New Clothes -CHALLENGE I am often envious of other peoples new clothes Tags Itchy Mosquito Bites CampingHomework:read p.141 Complete:Critical Thinking Exercise 2:Fact or OpinionDisti

27、nguishing Fact from OpinionWeek 2 Class 2Review:Going on a Camping Trip What was the rule?How did you figure it out?What was your thought process?How did you feel before you figured it out?After?Review Homework:Which were facts?Which were opinions?How easy was this task?Activity:Sentence Sort Get in

28、to groups of 5 Each group will receive a set of sentences and a pair of scissors Cut the sentences apart Read each sentence aloud and AS A GROUP decide if it is a fact or an opinion If there is any disagreement,put the sentence aside Once finished,ask the teacher for the key to check your answersCla

29、ss Discussion How would you define“fact”?“Opinion”?Is there every a grey area?What kinds of sentences fall in the grey area?Eating organic is best.Kids today have it easier than their parents did.Apple makes the best computers.Family is the most important.Being cold makes you sick.Black is a flatter

30、ing color.Seans classes are interesting.1)Do you agree or disagree with the statement?2)Is the statement a fact or an opinion?Activity:Fact or Opinion from Longer Texts Divide into 8 groups Write each group members name on a piece of paper and number it 1-4 In your group read the short passage aloud

31、 and decide if it contains facts or a mix of facts and opinions.Record your response on the paper under the matching number.If the passage gives only facts,write 2 facts on the paper,if the paper is mixed,write one fact and one opinion.Rotate the passages until your group has read and responded to a

32、ll 4 passages Give Mandi your paper Activity:Fact or Opinion from Short Articles On your own,read each short article Determine if the article contains facts,opinions,or both Write the facts in the facts column and the opinions in the opinions column for each articleHomework:Read:The Blind Men and th

33、e Elephant Come prepared to discuss the readingConsidering Multiple PerspectivesWeek 3 Class 1At first glance,what do you see?At first glance,what do you see?Discussion:The Blind Men and the Elephant Summarize the story in 2 sentences or less Why did each man describe the elephant differently?What i

34、s the moral of the story(the lesson)?Can you think of a situation where something like this happened to you?What is your first thought if someone suggests visiting a shopping mall?Would you feel different if you were:-A mother/father with a small child-Someone afraid of crowds-A small child-A shopah

35、olicDescribe a dog.Now,pretend you are a Tree Flea Cat BabyHomework:Read Washington Post article(if you dont have internet access,ask for a print copy)Complete the Social Attitudes Test Complete the worksheet for these two assignmentsExamining Personal Bias,Cultural Differences and StereotypingWeek

36、3,Class 2Discussion:Social Attitudes Test Tell me about your experience.Did you learn anything about yourself?How would you define personal bias?Activity:Bias Analysis On a blank piece of paper describe yourself,NOT what you look like,but WHO you are,what makes you different from your classmates.Inc

37、lude information about:your family where you are from your level of education your interests at least 3 major events in your life Any religious or political beliefs what ethnic group you associate with what you enjoy reading 2 things you really hate Any other information that is really important to

38、youEXAMPLESelect 5 Items you think have a large influence on the way you see the world.I picked:1.Public School2.Independent Political View3.Study Abroad4.A hatred of religion without thinking5.My parents1.Public School I tend to support public schools over private institutions.I dont like the snobb

39、ish airs many people who attend private schools in the US have.I also pay more attention to what is happening to public education -doesnt hurt that my parents were public school teachers2.Independent Political View I like the Democrats view on social services,but I wont NOT vote for someone who is a

40、 Republican if he/she has good ideas.3.Study Abroad I have had to deal with a different culture,I have seen how things work in different systems for example,Spains socialize health service really impressed me and is part of the reason I support Obamacare4.Hatred of religion without thinking makes me

41、 skeptical of people who are very religious,I tend to analyze their arguments more carefully.5.My parents I grew up with very supportive parents who believe that education is extremely important,I think this is the best way to parent,this shapes the way I view both parenting and education.Activity:B

42、ody Ritual among the Nacirema by Horace Miner What is the anthropologist describing?How is it different from how YOU would describe it?Activity:Word associations(p.97)Key WordAssociated Concepts1.MountainA.innocence,caring,love,tenderness,softness2.ChildB.danger,bravery,speed,unstoppable3.Fruit extr

43、actC.romance,marriage,happiness,being special or chosen4.Wall of fire D.man being independent;a place women arent meant to go5.MonkeyE.healthiness,vitamins,well-being,flowing hair6.RingF.natural freshness,refreshingly cool,outdoors,hardiness7.Shed or denG.humor,playfulness,tricksMatch the key words

44、to their associated concepts.Activity:Word associations(p.97)Key WordAssociated Concepts1.MountainF.natural freshness,refreshingly cool,outdoors,hardiness2.ChildA.innocence,caring,love,tenderness,softness3.Fruit extractE.healthiness,vitamins,well-being,flowing hair4.Wall of fire B.danger,bravery,spe

45、ed,unstoppable5.MonkeyG.humor,playfulness,tricks6.RingC.romance,marriage,happiness,being special or chosen7.Shed or denD.man being independent;a place women arent meant to goKEYActivity:Stereotypes(p.97)Identify which stereotypes are being perpetuated in the following statements:Well decorate the ro

46、om pink as they have two girls.There are uniforms here for the pilots,and ladies,your stewards costumes are over there We should have expected that he couldnt control his temper,seeing he has red hair.Well play some Reggae for the visitors from the Caribbean and some flamenco music for those from Sp

47、ain.Activity:Stereotypes cont.(p.97)Identify which stereotypes are being perpetuated in the following statements:We should have expected trouble as there were so many football fans in the crowd.Theres no point providing washing machines in student dorms.It would be better to give them a big laundry

48、bag so they can carry their laundry home to their parents to clean.They wont be interested in fashion or computers:they are both retired now.Word AssociationsAmericanChineseCultural Differences Superstitions Good Luck:Rabbits foot;4-leaf clover;crossing your fingers;horseshoe;heads up penny Bad Luck

49、:13;breaking a mirror;step on a crack;walking under a ladder;black cats Make a wish shooting stars,blow out birthday candles,eyelashesCultural Differences Clothing frequency of changing Style How much skin can show and where?Cultural Differences Religion how important or present is it in daily life?

50、Cultures stories and examplesCultural Differences Symbolism Red/Green what does this color mean?Dragon and Phoenix Flag Eagle;Elephant vs.Donkey SwastikasWhat is beautiful?Beauty:Which woman is the MOST beautiful?Cultural Differences Health What do you do when you are sick?Oranges eat the white stuf