初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：祈使句和感叹句.docx

1、祈使句和感叹句祈使句概述：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子，祈使句最常用于表达命令，也常称为命令句。祈使句分两大类：第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句。1第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词都为一般现在时以原形开头，句末则也可使用句号来表示结束。Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。禁止）No parking.（禁止停车。禁止）Stand up!Dont worry about!Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） Be quiet, please.（Please be q

2、uiet.）（请安静。请求）Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善。劝告）但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!Mary clean the windows，and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来!有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：Dont you be late again! 你可别

3、再迟到了!You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。命令）Watch your steps.（走路小心。警告）祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当, 句首加dont否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。2第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，通常以let为引导词表建议。Lets go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 oclock另：无动词形式：祈使句除用谓语动

4、词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!Patience!Quickly!Hands up!Not so fast!别那么快！This way, please!请走这边！二、表现形式一）、肯定结构:1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。 Open the window, p

5、lease. 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。由let带头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：1）.表示“建议”。这个句型里的let后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，Let me try. Lets do it.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较a和b: a. Dont disturb him. b. Lets not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如

6、(b)温柔悦耳。2）.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. 3）.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺。 Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.用let的祈使

7、句时，必须注意下列几点： 1）let 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用Dont let.；如果宾语是第一人称，则用Let.not：Dont let this type of things happen again. Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 2）Let只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如：Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be pro

8、moted. 3）Let后头除了是不带to的不定式动词之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等：Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. Let me alone, please. 4）用Lets时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用Let us时，并不包括对方，如：Lets go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议） Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）用于否定也有两种形式：Let us/Lets not +动词原形；在非正式文

9、体中也用Dont lets+动词原形。4、祈使句用于两个重要句型中1“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。 2“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up，youll catch the train)Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train)二）、否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont

10、或never。构成。Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语+动词原形+其它成分”或“Let + 宾语 + not +动词原形+其它成分”，通常使用后者。Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!三、祈使句的特殊结构一）、祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：Do be careful!Do

11、 Stop talking!Do give my regards to your parents!务必一定代我向你父母问好!Do it ! do 一般为强调句了， 祈使句一般都为实意动词开头的，所以do 应该为强调句。二）、祈使句的反意疑问句1祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用will you。如：Pass me the book，will you? 2Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：Lets go for a walk，shall we?3Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：Let us go fo

12、r a walk，will you?4其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：Listen to me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?三）祈使句与陈述句区别1、带有第三人称祈使句的句首呼语与陈述句主语区别。呼语后是动词是原形！主语后一般不是！2、带有你三人称主语的祈使句与陈述句区别。Tom play on my side.汤姆，到我这边来玩吧（祈使句）Tom plays on my side.汤姆在我这边玩呢。（陈述句）祈使句练习：一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：1.

13、 Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets go there together. 二、选择最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have B. havingC. to have D. had2. _ me go. It is very important for me.A. Do let B. let doC. Doing let D. To do let3

14、. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. DontC. To not D. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know, _?A. will you B. shall weC. do you D. do we5. Never come late again, _? A. will you B. wontC. do you D. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. GetC. To get D. Go

15、t7. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to playC. Dont play D. Dont to play8. Please _ me some money, will you?A. lend B. lendingC. to lend D. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. areC. is D. being10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. KeepingC.

16、To keep D. KeptI. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out!

17、 A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.II. 选择填空 ( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No ( )2. Sindy, _ to be here

18、at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont

19、 to read D Not read ( )6. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with ( )7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to ( )8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why

20、not B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont ( ) 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )10.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B dont C arent D cant ( )11. Why dont you join us in the game? A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ( ) 12 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang. A Lets B L

21、et me C Letus D Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,_? A does he B will he C do you D will you ( )14. Lets do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句

22、首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的基本结构形式是： What + n. +主语+谓语 变式是： 名词为可数单数： What +a/an +adj. +n. + 主语+谓语 名词为可数复数： What + adj. +n. +主语+谓语 名词为不可数： What + adj. +n. + 主语+谓语如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is!

23、多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。这类句子的基本结构形式是： How+ adj./adv.）+主语+谓语形式变式： How +adj. +

24、a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语 How + 主语+谓语 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！How clever a girl she is! 她是个多么聪明的女孩子啊！How pretty a flower this is! 这花多漂亮呀！How difficult a point it i

25、s! 这是多难的一个点呀！How youve grown! 你都长这么大了！How the time flies! 时间过得多快呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is! = How hot a day it is!多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！

26、 What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！感叹句练习：选择最佳答案填空1. _ carefully the boy does his homework!A. How B. Ho

27、w an C. WhatD. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how3. _ cheap these clothes are! Id like to buy some for my son.A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the girls said. A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an5

28、. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an6. I miss you very much. _ I want to see you!A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an7. Oh, _ mistake youve made! Its too bad.A. How B. How a C. WhatD. What a8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an

29、 C. WhatD. What an9. _ delicious your supper is!A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an11._clevergirlsheis!A. Whata BWhat CHowa Dhow12. _interestingstoryitis!AWhatan BWhata CHowan DHow13. _ bad weather!Wehavetostayin. A.How

30、 B.Howa C.What D.Whata 14. _ big the tree is!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 15. _ delicious your supper is!A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an一、将下列句子改为感叹句.Its very cold today. Its a nice dress. Those are lovely animals. The man drives very carefully. Its bad weather. He cooks very delicious food.

31、They had a good time last Sunday.The girl comes to school so early. He told me important news.We have a very happy family. Mrs. Li found her handbag luckily. The plane flies quite quickly. She is a very careful student. This is an easy problem.Your mother looks very young. The music sounds nice. Tha

32、t is hard work. Her son is very naughty.He has a useful dictionary. Li Ping jumps very high.二、用What , What a , What an , How 填空第 17 页 共 17 页_ hot the weather is !_hard her father works !_long way it is from Guangdong to Paris !_fine day it was yesterday !_beautiful your voice is !_interesting pictur

33、e-books !_lovely baby !_strong wind !_ sad new he told us !_happy she was last weekend !_good weather ! Why not go out for a walk !_nice the garden is !_difficult work he did !_broken the house looks !_ happy life we have !_well my deskmate swims !_helpful girl she is !_delicious mooncakes !_dangero

34、us the tigers are !_tired you look !三、同义句转换。How cold it is today! _How nice the dress is! _What lovely animals those are! _How bad the weather is! _What delicious food he cooks! _What important news he told me! _What a happy family we have! _How luckily Mrs.Li found her handbag! _What a careful student she is！_What an easy problem this is! _How nice the music sounds! _How hard the work is! _How naughty her son is! _What a useful dictionary he has! _How beautiful this sweater looks! _