toMacroeconomics(宏观经济学-加州大学-詹姆斯·布课件.ppt
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- toMacroeconomics 宏观经济学 加州大学 詹姆斯 课件
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1、CHAPTER 1Introduction to MacroeconomicsQuestions How much richer are we than our parents?How much richer will our children be than our grandparents were?Will changing jobs be easy or hard in five years?How many of us will have jobs in five years?Questions Will the businesses we work for vanish as de
2、mand for the products they make dries up?Will inflation make us poor by destroying our savings or rich by eliminating our debts?Macroeconomics.is the subdiscipline of economics that tries to answer these six questions is the branch of economics related to the economy as a wholeMacroeconomists.try to
3、 figure out why overall economic activity rises and falls try to understand what determines the level and rate of change of the price level study other variables that play a major role in determining the overall levels of production,income,employment,and pricesWhy Macroeconomics Matters Cultural Lit
4、eracyability to follow and participate in public debates and discussionsunderstanding of news reports on changes in the economyFigure 1.1-The Daily Flow of Economic NewsWhy Macroeconomics Matters Self-Interesteffects of macroeconomy on our daily livesunderstanding of changing opportunities as the ec
5、onomy fluctuatesWhy Macroeconomics Matters Civic Responsibilitymore informed votingmore responsible macroeconomic policyMacroeconomic Policy Growth Policypolicies to accelerate or decelerate long-run economic growthmost important policies for the long-runFigure 1.2-Long-Run Economic Growth:Sweden an
6、d Argentina,1900-2000Macroeconomic Policy Stabilization Policypolicies to smooth out the business cycle by diminishing the depth of recessions and depressionsbusiness cycles are fluctuations in production and employment booms or expansions occur when production grows and unemployment falls recession
7、s or depressions occur when production falls and unemployment risesFigure 1.3-The American Business Cycle:Fluctuations in Total Production Relative to the Long-Run Growth TrendMacroeconomics versus Microeconomics Macroeconomistsexamine the economy as a wholefocus on the feedback from one component o
8、f the economy to anotherstudy the total level of production and employmentbelieve that imbalances between supply and demand may be resolved by changes in quantities rather than pricesMacroeconomics versus Microeconomics Microeconomistsstudy the markets for single commodities and the behavior of indi
9、vidual households and firmsfocus on how competitive markets allocate resources to create consumer and producer surplusassume that imbalances between demand and supply are resolved by changes in pricesEconomic Statistics and Economic Activity Economic activity is the pattern of transactions in which
10、things of real,useful value are created,transformed,and exchanged.National Income and Product Accounts(NIPA)reported by the U.S.Commerce Departments Bureau of Economic AnalysisTable 1.2-The Flow of Economic Data,2000-2001Six Key Economic Variables Real Gross Domestic Product(GDP)is corrected for cha
11、nges in the price level(real)includes the replacement of worn-out and obsolete equipment and structures as well as new investment(gross)counts economic activity that happens in the United States(domestic)represents the production of final goods and services(product)Six Key Economic Variables Real Gr
12、oss Domestic Productoften divided by the number of workers in the economymeasures how well the economy produces goods and services that people find usefuldoes not indicate the relative distribution of the nations economic productis an imperfect measure of economic well-beingFigure 1.4-Officially Mea
13、sured Real GDP per Worker in the United StatesSix Key Economic Variables The Unemployment Rateto be unemployed,a person must want to work and be actively looking for a job(but have not yet found one)the labor force consists of those who are employed and those who are unemployedthe unemployment rate
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