初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：形容词与副词.docx

1、形容词与副词1、形容词定义：形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、副词定义：副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。3、 形容词的用法 功能I. 形容词作定语形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。e.g:1. He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。2. There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。II. 形容词作表语形容词作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound,

2、 get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。e.g:1. Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。2. After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路后我累了。III. 形容词作宾语补足语形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。e.g:1. He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。2. People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the f

3、ridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。 表示情感变化或心理感受方面的及物动词，在后面加上“-ed ” 或 “ -ing”后都可以构成形容词，但这两种不同形式的形容词在用法上有明显的区别。I. interested, excited, bored, amazed, surprised, embarrassed, frightened, pleased, terrified, tired等一般用在“人”作主语时，他们跟在be动词或系动词后作表语，表示所修饰、陈述的人能体会到某种感觉,译为“对.感到.”e.g:1. The girl is terrified of being alone at

4、home. 女孩害怕一个人在家里。2. Im pleased with the football match. 对这场足球比赛，我非常满意。3. The boy felt so excited to hear the exciting news. 听到这个令人激动的消息，这个男孩很兴奋。II. interesting, exciting, boring, amazing, surprising, tiring, moving, thrilling, embarrassing等一般用在“物”作主语时，他们跟在be动词或系动词后作表语；另外他们也可以放在表示物的形容词前作定语，表示所修饰、陈述的物

5、能令人有某种感觉，译为“令人(感到).的”。e.g:1. The football match is very interesting.这场足球比赛很有趣。2. This is a moving film. 这是一部感人的电影。3. The girl said that she had never seen such a boring movie. 这个女孩说她从来没看过这么无聊的电影。4、 副词的用法 副词作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，修饰动词时放在动词后面，修饰形容词和副词时，放在形容词和副词前面。e.g:1. They are laughing happily. 他们在高兴地大笑。

6、2. He is a very kind teacher. 他是个很善良的老师。3. The old man is seriously ill. 这个老人病得很严重。 形容词变换成副词的方式。一般形容词加上后缀 “ ly ” 转变成副词。usefulusefully有用地 main-mainly 主要地 strongstrongly强有力地； 一般“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词，去掉y变为 “ ily ”。noisynoisily吵闹地 luckyluckily幸运地 heavyheavily沉重地happyhappily快乐地；幸福地 easyeasily容易地；简单地一般以le结尾的形容

7、词，去 “e” 变成 “y”。terribleterribly可怕地 probableprobably可能；大概；也许 comfortablecomfortably舒适地 以“辅音字母 + e”结尾的形容词，直接 + ly。 widewidely广泛地 fortunatefortunately 幸运地 以“元音字母 + e”结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。truetruly真实地；真诚地 5、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法 形容词、副词比较级的变化规则。I. 规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发

8、音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulII. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ba

9、dly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 形容词、副词原级用法。I. 表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as + adj./adv.原级 + as”结构。e.g:1. He runs as fast as you. 他跑的和你一样快。 2. Nothing can be so simple as this. 再没有比这更简单的了。II. 表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“not as/so + adj./adv.原级

10、+ as”或“less + adj./adv.原级 + than”结构。e.g: 1. This picture is not so good as that one. 这幅画没那幅画好。 2. He doesnt write as carefully as his sister. 他写字不如她妹妹细心。 形容词、副词比较级用法。I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。I

11、I. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。III.“越来越”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷

12、了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。IV. 表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。 形容词、副词最高级用法。I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。 2. She is the most beauti

13、ful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？III. 表示“最之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几”。e.g: She is the second

14、 tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。例如：He is taller than any other boy in our class.= He is taller than the other boys in our class.= He is the tallest boy in our class.注意比较以下两个句子：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范

15、围之外）一、单项选择( )1. If you dont like the red coat, how about the green one? OK, but do you have _ size in green? This one is a bit small for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger( )2. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or tw

16、o. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough( )3. What delicious cakes! They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse( )4. Mr. Zhou , of all the students in our group, who lives _ ? I think Li Lei does. A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farther( )5. With a history of

17、 more than 1,400 years, ZhaoZhou Bridge is the _ stone arch bridge in the world . A. old B. older C. oldest D. elder( )6. Bob never does him homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as( )7. How can I speak English _ you? A. as good

18、 as B. more than C. as well as D. as much as( )8. Your English is good. Ill try my best to speak it as _you do. A. clearly as B. clear as C. clearer thanD. more clearly( )9. Is your mother badly ill? No, _ , only a little cold. A. serious anything B. serious nothing C. nothing serious D. anything se

19、rious( )10. Im not sure if Im going to Tims party; I may go to the concert _ . A. only B. instead C. early D. late( )11. Although they are brothers, they are the _ opposite of one another. A. very B. just C. few D. little( )12. The new Bright Restaurant is _ than the old one. Moore and more people l

20、ike to eat there. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse( )13. Wang Ping does _ in physics that I missed the first class. A. badly B. Most badly C. worse D. worst ( )14. I got up so _ this morning that I missed the first class. A. early B. late C. quietly D. neatly ( )15. Do you enjoy traveling by plane?

21、 No. Its _ expensive. A. much more B. more much C. too much D. much too( )16. Im afraid the headmaster is _ busy to meet the visitors. A. too much B. much too C. so much D. much too( )17. How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard _ . A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better

22、 voice( )18. You do well in your lessons. Im _ you will pass the exam. A. sure B. afraid C. sad D. sorry( )19. Who is _ in your class? Fred. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( )20. What do you think of the football match? The Chinese football team has never played _ . A. better B. best C.

23、worse D. worst( )21. The population of China is _ than _ of any other country in the world. A. larger , the one B. more , that C. larger , that D. more , the one( )22. There is much wine here, but _ people want to drink it. A. many B. a little C. few D. a few( )23. People speak _ of the film Not One

24、 Less. It is really necessary for every child to go to school. A. loud B. loudly C. high D. highly( )24. She always finishes her homework on time. She _ leaves it for tomorrow. A. always B. never C.usually D. sometimes( )25. The football match was _, so the boys were _ about it. A. excited , excitin

25、g B. exciting, excited C. excited , excited D. exciting , exciting( )26. Playing table tennis isnt difficult. You can learn it _. A. easy B. easily C. quick D. hardly( )27. We Chinese always put our family name _. A. last B. nearly C. first D. in the middle( )28. This kind of T-shirt look _ and sell

26、s _ in the market. A. nice, good B. well , well C. nice , well D. good , nice( )29. The light in the room wasnt _ for me to read. A. brightly enough B. enough brightly C. enough bright D. bright enough( )30. Look, this digital camera is really cheap! Its only five hundred yuan. The _ , the better. A

27、. cheaper B. cheap C. expensive D. more expensive二、用形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1.Judy is a _ worker. She works _. (slow)2.Paul is a _ driver. He drives his car _. (careful)3.The test was very _. I solved it _. (easy)4.The answer was _.She answered all the questions _.(correct)5.They are very _. They live _. (hap

28、py)6.He made a _ move. He stopped _. (sudden)7.Sam is a _ person. He always speaks _. (quiet)8.David is an _ person. He behaves _. (honest)9.The children played _. The children were _. (noise)10.She studies _ (hard). Her schoolwork is very _ (well). 11.It was a _ rain. It also rained _ yesterday. (h

29、eavy)12.His handwriting is very _. He writes very _. (clear)13.Nadia dances _. She is also a _ dancer. (beautiful)14.They gave a _ reply. They replied _. (rude)15.She types _. Her typing speed is _. (fast)16.My sisters English is _. Can you speak English _? (fluent)17.Mrs. White shouted at the boys _. She was very _. (angry)18.He buys _ things. He lives very _. (expensive)19.“The weather is _ (wonderful).” He said _ (loud). 20.Are you _ in basketball? (interest)第 12 页 共 12 页