初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：时态.docx

1、时态一、时态概述1、时态的定义：时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。2、时态的种类：英语中时态从时间上划分，可以分为：现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时，每一类从行为上又可分为四种形式：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。这样，英语中的动词共有十六种时态。下面以work为例列出各个时态的形式： 行为时间一般进行完成完成进行现在work/works一般现在时am/is/are working现在进行时has/have worked现在完成时has/have been working现在完成进行时过去worked一般过去时was/were working过去进行时h

2、ad worked过去完成时had been working过去完成进行时将来shall/will work一般将来时shall/will be working将来进行时shall/will have worked将来完成时shall/will have been working将来完成进行时过去should/would work一般过去将来时should/would be working过去将来进行时should/would have worked过去将来完成时should/would have been working过去将来完成进行时注：1. 八个常用时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完

3、成时、一般过去式、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时 2. 四个次常用时态：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时和过去将来进行时 3. 四个很少用的时态：过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成时 和过去将来完成进行时二、时态考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：一般现在时考点2：一般现在时的用法。1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语（always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day等）连用。3. 表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。4. 表示格言或警句。典型例题

4、1Tom and Mike _ very excited because they will take a trip. A. is B. are C. am D. be答案：B典型例题 2I_ home for school at 7 every morning.A. leaves B. is leaving C. leave D. am leaving答案：C典型例题 3The earth_ around the sun.A. moves B. is moving C. moved D. move答案：A典型例题 4 Pride_before a fall.A. go B. goes C.

5、is going D. going答案：B考点二：一般过去时考点1：一般过去式的基本用法。1. 表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago等。2. 表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。3. 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，句中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等状语。考点三：现在进行时考点1：现在进行时基本结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词+其它成分。考点2：现在进行时常和now, look, listen等连用。考点3:用现在进

6、行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等位移性动词，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。典型例句We are leaving for Shanghai. 我们就要动身去上海了。The bus is coming soon. 公共汽车就快来了。考点4: 进行时态同always，forever等频率副词连用，表示各种感情色彩，如：赞扬、抱怨、讨厌等。典型例句The man is always helping others. 这个男的总是帮助别人。He is always borrowing money from me but he ne

7、ver pays it back. 他总是跟我借钱，但是从来不还。考点四：一般将来时考点1：一般将来时基本结构1:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他成分，shall用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称。典型例句Tom will be a middle school student next year.I will clean the classroom this afternoon. 考点2：一般将来时基本结构2：主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他成分，表示事先经过考虑，安排，计划要做的事情，或者根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。典型例题 1他们打算这周

8、末打扫房间。（翻译句子）答案：They are going to clean the classroom this weekend.典型例题 2看乌云密布，要下雨了。（翻译句子）答案：Look at the black clouds, it is going to rain.考点3：will与be going to 的区别：be going to 指的是计划打算，并有迹象的推测，而will表示客观的将来。典型例题 1The sun_ rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning.A will B shall C be going to 答案：A典型例题 2The boy_(将会开

9、心) when he gets a good mark.答案：will be happy典型例题 3Their sister_(打算去买双鞋) tomorrow evening.答案：is going to buy a pair of shoes.考点五：过去进行时考点1：过去进行时的定义与结构。 定义：过去完成时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构：was/were doing典型例句：I was having a meeting at eight yesterday. 我昨天八点正在开会。The students were reading books loudly when

10、 the the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候学生们正在读书。考点2：常与过去进行时连用的时间状语。过去完成时的时间状语常为表示过去某一点时间的短语或者句子：at nine yesterday, at that time, when I arrived典型例题 1Toms mother when Tom went into the kitchen.A. cooked dinner B. cooking dinner C. was cooking dinner D. cook dinner答案：CAt three yesterday afternoon, the farme

11、rs on the farm.A. worked B. were working C. was working D. work答案：B-Please dont smoke in the nonsmoking area.-Sorry, I the sign No Smoking.A. dont notice B. wont notice C. wasnt noticing D. noticed答案：C考点3：过去进行时的用法。 表示过去某时正在发生的动作。I was reading a newspaper at nine oclock yesterday evening. 昨天晚上九点我正在看报

12、纸。 表示过去某段时间持续的动作。They were building a dam last spring. 他们去年春天一直在建造大坝。 表示与过去某个动作同时发生的动作，常见于从句中。I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 当我妈妈正在烧饭的时候，我正在写作业。 同always，forever等频率副词连用表示各种感情色彩。She was always complaining about her husband. 她总是抱怨她的丈夫。考点六：现在完成时考点1：现在完成时的结构。现在完成时是由“助动词 have(has)+动词

13、的过去分词”构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。典型例句：He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。He hasnt finished his homework yet. 他还没有做完作业。-Has he finished his homework yet? 他已经做完作业了吗？-Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt. 是的，做完了。/不，还没有。考点2：现在完成时的的定义和用法。 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Would you li

14、ke some bread? 你想要一些面包吗？-No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。（对现在的影响：不饿）-Why dont you drive to your office? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊？-Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。（对现在的影响：车没办法开了） 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。Mary has been busy since she came

15、back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。考点3：常与现在完成时连用的时间状语。 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？I have never been

16、 to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 用for+一段时间，since+时间点。Ive lived here for 15 years. 我已

17、经在这里住十五年了。Ive lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。注意：“for+一段时间”和“since+时间点”都是表示一段时间的状语,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。所以谓语动词必须是延续性动词。像come, arrive, buy等短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，否则要改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词：arrivebe here begin(sta

18、rt)be on diebe dead come backbe back leavebe away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)get upbe up go outbe outfinishbe over put onwear 或be onopenbe open joinbe in或 be a member ofclosebe closedgo to schoolbe a studentborrowkeep buyhave catch a cold)have a cold 典型例句：He has been a soldier for three

19、 years. 他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。考点4：have been in 、have been to与have gone to的区别。 have been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three day

20、s. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了，可与just, ever, never等连用。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 have gone(to)表示“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去

21、某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，常用于第三人称。-Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？-He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。考点5：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等。典型例题 1The classroom is very clean because the students .A. clea

22、ned it B. clean it C. have cleaned it D. are cleaning it答案：CWhen I was a child, I for two years.A. lived in the countryside B. live in the countrysideC. was living in the countryside D. am living in the countryside答案：AHe his hometown three years ago.A. left B. leaves C. has left D. is leaving答案：A考点七

23、：过去完成时考点1：过去完成时的定义及构成。定义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 | | |过去的过去 过去 现在构成：助动词had + 过去分词典型例句They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。He didnt go to bed until he had finished he work. 他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。考点2：过去完成时的用法。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间

24、或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一动作之前已经完成或结束。When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。 He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。She told me that she had written a new novel. 她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢

25、失的表。 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经完成或结束。Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。 Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能

26、。By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years. 去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。 By six oclock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。考点3：现在完成时与过去完成时的区别。现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的

27、则只用一般过去时。They have lived here for twenty years. 他们住在这二十年了。We have lived in Beijing since we came China. 自我们来中国就住在北京了。Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China. 史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term. 在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。考点九：过去将来时考点1：过去将来时的定

28、义和构成。定义：过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态是在某一过去时之后发生的动作我们可以理解为它是立足于过去，着眼于未来的一种时态。构成：would/should do 或 was/were doing典型例句Li Ming said that you would be happy if you heard from me.李明说如果你收到我来信，你会很开心的。He said that he was going to have a walk with his mother.他说他将要和他妈妈去散步。3、 综合练习( ) 1. Where is the morning pape

29、r? I _ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B

30、. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D.

31、will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to

32、 visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a wee

33、k.A. has earnedB. had earned C. earns D. has earned( )12. Come on in, Peter, I want show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.A. didnt think, were going B. hadnt thought, were goingC. never think, are going D. never thought, were going( ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago.

34、She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. has workedB. was working C. workedD. had worked( ) 14. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelingB. traveled C. had traveled D. was to travel( ) 15. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of

35、 fact, I _ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just thought C. was just thinking D. had just thought( ) 16. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.A.save B.are saving C.have saved D.were saving( )17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her h

36、usband _home.A has left; comes B. had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come( )18. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studyingB. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying ( ) 19. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D. see

37、 ( ) 20. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more .A. hasnt livedB. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live( ) 21. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better.A.gets B.got C.has got D.is getting( ) 22.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous . She

38、 _ before . A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying( ) 23.-Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forget it !-OK. I _ . A. wont B. dont C. will D. do( )24. Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours

39、 beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before( )25. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had( )26. - Remember the first time we met, Jim? - Of course I do. You _ in the library. A. were reading B. had read

40、 C. have read D. read( )27. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train. A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; consider C. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considered( )28. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A.

41、 are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write( )29 .- I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talked to D. was talking to( )30. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play