初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：介词.docx

1、介词介词是表示名词，代词和句中其他词之间关系的词，主要表示地点， 位置，时间和方式等。What can you see in the picture?你在照片里看到了什么？I was born on May 11th.我出生在5月11日。The library is near the post office.图书馆在邮局附近。常用介词及用法1. 表示时间的介词。英语里最常见的时间介词有： at, in , on, before, after和from.(1) at, on和in都表示时间。at 指具体的时间点。 at half past seven. 在七点半。 at eleven ocloc

2、kat noon （中午） at that time （那时）on指在具体的某一天。 on Sunday. 在星期天。 On April,1st 在四月一日 on Sunday afternoon 在星期天的早上on a warm morning in April (在四月的一个温暖的早晨)on New Years day(新年) in 一般指某一段时间。 in April 在四月份 in the morning/afternoon/evening.in 2013 , in May, 2005（在2005年五月）; in three days（三天之后）; in Spring; in the

3、21st century（在21世纪）(2) before 和after 表示时间的先后顺序。before 表示“在.之前”Wash your hands before dinner. I have to finish my homework before 10 oclock.after 表示“在.之后”， They often play football after school.My father often watches TV after dinner. (3) from 表示时间时， 常和to 连用， 构成from to 的结构， 表示“从.到.”的意思。 He kept on wo

4、rking from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从起点到12点一直在工作。 I go to school from Monday to Friday.2. 表示方位的介词。(1) on , over 和above 相同点：三者均有“在.上面”的意思。不同点： on 表示两个物体的表面相互接触。over 表示“在.的正上方”， 两个物体的表面没有接触。above 表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方， 但不一定垂直， 两个物体间也没有接触。There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。The sky is over our heads.天

5、在我们的头顶上。The plane is flying above clouds.飞机在云上飞行。（2） under 和below相同点： 两者均表示“在.的下面”的意思。不同点： under 表示“在.的正下方”， 其反义词是over. over under There is a ball over two boxes.There is a ball under a box There is a bridge over the river. below 表示“在.的下面”， 但只是低于某一点，不强调是否在正下方。From the top of the hill, we could see t

6、he blue ocean below.The dead sea is below sea level.(3) in 表示位置， 意为“在里面”， 也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间内。Mary works in a bank.There isnt a cloud in the sky.Whats in the box?He put his hands in his pockets.(4) at 表示“在某地点”。I will wait for you at the station.(5) around 和about 均表示“在周围”。They sat around the table.We wa

7、lked about the town.(6) behind 表示“在.的后面”。There is a broom behind the door.(7) in front of 表示“在的前面”。There is a new white car in front of the house.(8) between 表示“在两者之间”。My bedroom is between my two sisters.(9)表示“在某地”时，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。如：at home在家 at the bus stop在汽车站 in China在中国 in the world在世界上3. 表示动

8、向的介词。 (1) into 和out of into表示“从外向里”的意思； out of 表示“从里向外”的意思。I saw them go into the house.Lily ran out of the classroom.(2) up 和downup 表示“向上”， down 表示“向下”。We climbed up the mountain to the top.She opened the door and went down the stairs. (3) across 和through相同点： 两者都表示“通过， 穿过”的意思。不同点：across表示“穿过”这一动作在某

9、个物体的表面进行。He walked across the road carefully.The duck is swimming across the river.He is swimming across the pool.through.表示“穿过”这一动作在某个物体的空间内进行。She walked through the forest alone.The train is going through the tunnel(隧道)。He wants to climb into the room through the window.4. 表示方式的介词表示方式的介词主要有by, wit

10、h, in 等。(1) by表示“靠，用”。My mother goes to work by bus.(2) with表示“使用， 和.一起； 有， 具有， 带有”。He cut the cake with a knife.(3) in 表示“用某种语言，以某种方式”。She can speak in Japanese基础训练一 选择括号内恰当的介词填空。1. Childrens Day is _(at /on / in) the 1st of June.2. The girl _(with / on / in) long hair is my sister.3. Tom doesnt do

11、 well _( at / on / in) math.4. Look at the monkeys _(between / on / in) the tree.5. We have skirts _(under / behind / in) red, green and white. What color do you like？6. Tom sells his computer game_(with / for / to) me.7. She is a friend _(of / to / on) my sisters.8. Heres a nice picture _( with/ to

12、/ for) you .9. Please call me _( at/ to/ with) 23479865.10. Whats this _( at, on, in) English?二 单项选择( ) 1. Whats this _ English? Its an apple.A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 2. Lily, can you go shopping _ me? A. near B. at C. with D. from( ) 3. English is spoken _ American. A. in B. at C. by D. with( ) 4

13、. It often rains _ June. A. of B. in C. at D. on( ) 5. They are waiting for a bus _ the bus stop. A. in B. to C. on D. at( ) 6. What did you do _ the farm ? We planted some trees for the farmers.A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 7. The girl _ white and red is my sister Kate. A. for B. of C. in D. with( ) 8

14、. The waterway (运河) is wide enough for many ships to pass_. A. above B. across C. cross D. through( ) 9. Write the numbers _ 10 _ 30 on the blackboard. A. from; in B. between; and C. behind; and D. among; in( ) 10. The children are planning_ their class project. A. of B. for C. with D. about( ) 11.

15、Tom was born _ April the 1st, and I was born _ April, too. A. in; in B. in; on C. on; in D. on; on( ) 12. Is Polly _ the tree? A. at B. in C. on D. after( ) 13. Does your mother cook _ you _ the weekend? A. for; on B. for; at C. with; on D. to; at( ) 14. I get up _ about seven fifty five. A. in B. o

16、n C. at D. for( ) 15. Its cold _ winter in ShenYang. A. at B. in C. on D. to( ) 16. Whats wrong _ your bike? A. in B. on C. at D. with( ) 17. Thanks _ your help. A. to B. for C. in D. on( ) 18. I know the name _ the girl. A. in B. on C. of( ) 19. Is his book _ the drawer ? No，its _ the desk. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, on D. in, on( ) 20. Bob was born _ May 12th , 1999. A. in B. at C. on D. to