初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：反义疑问句.docx

1、反义疑问句两部分构成：陈述句+简短问句。其结构有两种：肯定陈述句+否定简短问句;否定陈述句+肯定简短问句（即我们平时所说的“前肯后否，前否后肯”）。这是反意疑问句的一般格式，但在实际运用中与规则不同的特殊形式比比皆是。本文拟谈谈反意疑问句的特殊形式：一、祈使句后的反意疑问句：祈使句后加一个反意疑问句，使祈使句变得更加委婉。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, wont you, would you, can you, cant you等来表达不同的含义。在否定的祈使句后的反意疑问句通常只用will you。1、表示“请求”，肯定祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。如：Give me

2、 a hand, will you?Pass me a book, will you?2、表示“邀请”、“劝诱”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用wont you。如：Have another cup of tea, wont you?3、表示“催促”、“不耐烦”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用cant you。如：Stop talking, cant you?4、用“Lets”开头的肯定祈使句表示“提议、建议、主张”，其后的反意疑问句用shall we。如：Lets have a try, shall we?但是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句则要用will you。如：Le

3、t us go now, will you?5、否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。如：Dont take away my dictionary, will you?以Lets not开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句用all right或OK。如：Lets not go fishing, all right? Lets not talk about it any more, OK二、复合句的反意疑问：复合句的反意疑问的主谓语要视其主要内容而定，不能一概说以主句为准还是以从句为准。1、多数复合句后的反意疑问句的主、谓语同主句的主、谓语一致。如：He said he was a teacher,

4、 didnt he?John thinks the rain is ending, doesnt he?You dont mind if I go now, do you?2、主句是I think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine, feel, am afraid, hear, say等)+宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语应与从句的主、谓语一致。如：I dont think he will come, will he?I heard that he was very honest, wasnt he?3、并列复合句的反意疑问句

5、的主、谓语应与相近的分句的主、谓语相一致。如：John isnt a hard-working student, for he has been late for three times, hasnt he?三、含有情态动词或助动词的反意疑问句：1、当陈述部分含有情态动词must，其意义表示“必须、必要”时，其后的反意疑问句用mustnt或neednt。如：You must do it today, mustnt you?She must look after her sister, neednt she?如果must的含义表示“一定是、想必”等推测意义时，其后的反意疑问句则要依据句中的谓语动

6、词的时态结构采用be/have/did/do+not等相应形式。如：He must bee ill, isnt he?You must have seen the film before, havent you?2、如果陈述部分用了must have+P.P.(过去分词)，但明示或暗示了过去的时间，其反意疑问句用过去时。如：He must have seen him yesterday, didnt he?3、陈述部分含情态动词ought to，其后反意疑问句用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如：I ought to come here, oughtnt I?You ought to g

7、o by ship, shouldnt you?4、陈述部分含情态动词used to，其后反意疑问句用usednt或didnt均可。如：Tom used to live here, usednt he?They used to work in the shop, didnt they?5、陈述部分含有have/has/had to时，其后的反意疑问句用do的相应形式。如：You have to go, dont you?He has to stay in bed all day, doesnt he?I had to keep it well, didnt I?但是在陈述句中用have/has

8、/had got to来代替have/has/had to时，反意疑问句用have的相应形式。如：Ann has got to see a doctor, hasnt she?You havent got to go to school on Sunday, have you?6、陈述部分有had better/would rather时，其后的反意疑问句用hadnt/wouldnt。如：Youd better not stay here, had you? They would rather take this one, wouldnt they?四、陈述句主语是某些不定代词的反意疑问句：1

9、、陈述句部分主语是everything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。如：Everything seems all right, doesnt it?Nothing is in the box, is it?2、陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, no one, none, either, some one时，其后的反意疑问句用主语they以兼顾所指代的男、女两性。如：Everybody has got the new books, havent they?A

10、nyone can do that, cant they?No one is interested in that, are they?3、陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，其后的反意疑问句一般用主语one。如：One cant be always careful, can one?五、含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句：1、陈述部分含有no, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarely, few, little等否定或半否定意义的词时，都视为否定，故反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。如：Few people knew the answer, did they?Littl

11、e Fran hardly says such words, does he?2、如果陈述部分的否定意义只是由单词加否定前缀构成时，其后的反意疑问句一般要用否定形式。如：He is unhappy, isnt he?六、陈述部分的主语是指示代词的反意疑问句：1、陈述部分主语是指示代词this, that时，其后的反意疑问句用主语it。如：This is important, isnt it?2、陈述部分主语是指示代词these, those时，其后的反意疑问句用主语they。如：Those are mine, arent they?七、反意疑问句的其他特殊形式：1、陈述部分是“Im”结构时，其

12、后的反意疑问句用arent I？如：I am a student, arent I ?2、陈述部分是there be或there live, there stand, there used to be等结构时，其后的反意疑问句用主语there。如：There is something wrong with your bike, isnt there?There lived a king here many years ago, didnt there?3、陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词短语以及词组或从句时，其后的反意疑问句用主语it。如：Doing eye exercises is goo

13、d for your eyes, isnt it?What the teacher said is true, isnt it?4、感叹句后的反意疑问句，动词用be的现在时，主语根据具体内容而定。如：What a clever girl, isnt she?How beautiful the flowers are, arent they?1. Everyones having a good time, _? 2.Somebody tried to gatecrash(无票进入), _? 3.Theres nothing wrong, _? 4.There wont be any troubl

14、e, _? 5.Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, _? 6.Those belong to you, _? 7.Nothing can stop us now, _? 8.David wouldnt get such a long holiday if he worked in industry, _? 9.I dont hink youve done it, _? 10.If he did more work hed be very good, _? 11.He said his mother was ill, _? 13.I

15、suppose Li Ping will come here on time, _? 13.We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors, _? 14.Give me a hand, _? 15.Do sit down, _? 16.Dont forget to phone me, _? 17.Lets go, _? 18.Let us do it by ourselves, _? 19.Birds rarely build nests in our garden, _? 20.Margaret scarcely seems to care, _? 21.Weve saved nothing this year, _? 22.He is careless about his speech, _? 23.What beautiful weather, _? 24.He has to stay here all day, _? 25.Jack has coffee with breakfast, _?