初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：代词.docx

1、代词1、代词的定义：代词是代替名词并起到名词作用的词。2、代词的种类 人称代词用来指代人或物的代词。它必须在人称、数（单、复数）上与被指代的名词保持一致。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。反身代词强调的是某人自己。如myself, yourself, himself, itself 等。指示代词表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”指向性的代词，主要有this，that，these，those。疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。不定代词不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。如some, any, all, both,

2、 every, much, many 等。相互代词只有each other 和 one another两个，都表示“相互”的意思，但两者有一定的区别。each other 表示两者之间的相互，one another表示三者或三者以上的相互。3、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法 代词的形式变化表人称数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfshe

3、herherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves 三种代词用法特别注意。I. 人称代词的顺序：单数：你，她（他），我【you, she/he and I】;复数：我们，你们，他们【we, you, they】。e.g：1. You, she and I are in the same school.你我他我们一个学校。 2. We, you and they are all from Beijing.大家都是北京人。II. it的特殊用法：it除了指“事”或“物”以外，还常用于指时间、天气、距离、不知性别的人、形式

4、主语和形式宾语等。e.g:1.Its a rainy day today.今天是下雨天。 2.It is about ten minutes walk from here.从这里步行大概要十分钟。3. -Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ -It is Tom. 是汤姆4.It is important to learn English.学习英语很重要5.I think it important to keep healthy.保持健康很重要III.常用的含有反身代词的固定词组。by oneself 独自help oneself to 随便吃make ones

5、elf at home 别拘束，像在自己家一样enjoy oneself 玩得开心teach oneself 自学say to oneself 自言自语look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子4、指示代词的用法指示代词表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”指向性的代词为指示代词，主要有：this, that, these, those。其中this， these指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物； that， those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this和that指代的是单数名词， these和those指代的是复数名词。I. 电话用语中，This is表示“我

6、是” Is that?表示“你是吗？”e.g:-Hello, may I speak to Tom? 你好，汤姆在吗？ -Hello, this is Tom speaking. 你好，我就是。II. that, those常用来代替前面出现过的名词或名词词组，以免重复。e.g:1.The weather in winter in Shanghai is much warmer than that in Beijing.上海的冬天比北京暖和多了。2.The apples in that box are bigger than those in this box.那个箱子里的苹果比这个箱子里的大

7、。5、不定代词的用法不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。还有由some-, any-, no-和every-合成的不定代词。I. one 和ones 的用法。one/ones 指人或物，可作主语、表语和宾语。one 用来替代前面的单数名词，ones用来替代前面的复数名词，以避免重复。e.g:1. I lost my old camera; th

8、is is a new one. 我丢了旧的照相机，这个是新的2. Red apples often taste better than green ones.红苹果比青苹果甜。II. either, neither, both和all的用法。either 两者中的任何一个neither 两者都不both 两者都，反义词是neitherall 三者或以上都，反义词是nonee.g:1.There are a lot of trees on either side of the street. 路两边有很多树。2. Both of his parents are teachers. 他的父母都是

9、老师。3.All of the students are happy on Childrens Day. 所有的孩子儿童节都很开心。III. the other, another的用法。the other表示（两者中的）另一个another 表示（三个或以上中的）另一个e.g:1.I have two uncles. One is a policeman and the other is a doctor. 我有两个叔叔，一个是警察，另一个是医生。2.Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yel

10、low.这里有三个苹果，一个是红的，另外一个是青的，第三个是黄的。IV. others和the others的用法。others表示另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。the others表示所有其余的。e.g:1.After class, some students are talking with each other, and others are playing games.下课后，一些同学正在聊天，另一些正在玩游戏。2.I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and the others are blue.我有十支笔，两个是红色的，其余

11、的是蓝色的。V. some和any的用法。some一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于否定句和一般疑问句中。e.g:1.There are some apples in the box. 箱子里有些苹果。2.Do you have any water here? 这里有水吗？疑问句一般不用some，只有当表示邀请或期待对方做出肯定回答时才能用some。e.g: Would you like some coffee? 你想要来点咖啡吗？any 用于肯定句，后面修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任一”。e.g: The teacher likes any student in her class. 这个老师喜

12、欢他班里的每一个学生。VI. (a)few和little的用法。few, little:几乎没有（否定语气）a few, a little: 一些，少数（肯定语气）few, a few指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配little, a little指不可数事物，只能与不可数名词搭配e.g:1. Lets buy some milk. There is little in the fridge. 让我们去买些牛奶，冰箱里没有了。2. He has a few friends. He often plays with them.VII. many 和much 的用法。many表示许多，指可数的

13、事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；much表示许多，指不可数的事物，只能与不可数名词搭配。e.g:1. Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many. 你想看看我的有票吗？我有很多。2. He doesnt know much about this company. 他对这个公司知道不是很多。VIII. some-, any-, every-和no-可以分别和-thing, -body, -one构成的合成不定代词用法。some-构成的不定代词多用于肯定句中，any-构成的不定代词用于疑问句和否定句中。e.g: 1. I have

14、something to tell you. 我有些事情要告诉你。2. Do you see anybody in the room?你有没有看到房间里有人。修饰合成不定代词的定语要放在它们后面。e.g: Something terrible happened during our trip to that mountain. 去往山上的旅途中，发生了件严重的事情。代词练习一、单项选择题( ) 1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Shenyang. A. thatB. itC. this D. one( ) 2. Mr. Green

15、is our English teacher. _comes from the USA. A. He B. SheC. It D. They( ) 3. My bike is broken. May I borrow_? A. youB. yourselfC. yours D. your( ) 4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_. A. a fewB. fewC. a little D. little bit( ) 5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough. A. E

16、itherB. NeitherC. Some D. Both( ) 6. I bought _ exercise books with _ money. A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little( ) 7. I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom. A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourselfC. myself, you D. me, him( ) 8. Enjoy_, Mark and Mary. A. yourselfB

17、. myself C. yourselves D. themselves( ) 9. _ house is this? Its mine. A. WhatB. Who C. Whose D. Whose( ) 10. She is a student and _ name is Mary. A. sheB. her C. hers D. his( ) 11. She will go skating and I will do _. A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same( ) 12. _ is he? He is a bus driver. A.

18、WhoB. Which C. That D. What( ) 13. _ hat is this? Its _. A. Whose, meB. Who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine( ) 14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan. A. oneB. it C. that D. those( ) 15. Lily is more clever than _ in his class. A. anybodyB. anyone else C. else anyone D. somebody els

19、e( ) 16. _ like music. A. Both of themB. Both of they C. The both girls D. Both them( ) 17. Could you give me some ink? Sorry, I have_ in my bottle. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little( ) 18. He has _ to tell us. A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing( )

20、 19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like _. A. any, anyB. some, some C. some, anyD. any, some( ) 20. _ of the teachers are excellent in our school. A. EveryB. Each C. Either D. All( ) 21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London and _ are from the USA. A. two othersB. the other two C. another t

21、wo D. the both( ) 22. Which would you like, tea or coffee?_ is OK. A. EitherB. Neither C. Any D. Both( ) 23. Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls. A. youB. yours C. yourselfD. yourselves( ) 24. -What do you usually have for breakfast? -_ milk and _ eggs. A. Little, a littleB. A few, few C. A littl

22、e, a few D. A few, a little( ) 25. Who taught _ history last year? Nobody! He learned it _. A. him, himselfB. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him( ) 26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me? A. any, anyB. any, some C. much, many D. many, much( ) 27. The farmer is busy becaus

23、e he has so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do. A. much, manyB. many, much C. many, a lot D. a lot, much( ) 28. On _ sides of the river. Therere many tall trees. A. everyB. all C. both D. each( ) 29. Whose photo is this? Its _. A. meB. mine C. my D. myself( ) 30. Who is playing the piano in the nex

24、t room?_ is Li Pings brother. A. ThisB. That C. It D. He2、 选择合适的不定代词填空。1. Li Ming is more careful than _other boy in the class. (some/any)2. I dont have _ money, but I have_ friends. (many/much)3. Dont worry. There is _ time left. (a little/little)4. He did well in the exam. So he made _ mistakes. (

25、a few/few)5. Li Ming and Li Ping are _ from China. (both/all)6. There are many buildings on _sides of the street. (both/either)7. I hope _ goes well. (something/everything)8. I dont like this shirt, please show me _. (the other/another)9. I bought a lot of bananas. Only three of them are green, _ are yellow. (the others/others)10._ except Jack went to the park. He was ill. (Everybody/Nobody)第 11 页 共 11 页