中考英语语法专项复习讲解及训练 代词（含答案）.doc

1、中考英语语法专项复习 代词代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 中考考纲中主要考查：人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;常见不定代词的一般用法;指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;相互代词的基本用法;疑问代词的基本用法。关系代词的基本用法。卷面中代词所占分值约为4-6分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、语法填空、翻译、任务型阅读及写作中。1 人称代词思维导图记知识人称代词第一人

2、称第二人称第三人称复数单数主格we宾格us主格I宾格me复数单数主格you宾格you主格you宾格you复数单数主格they宾格them主格he she it宾格him her it三种人称代词并列时顺序单数:二三一 （You, she/ he and I ）复数:一二三 (we , you and they ) 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches (we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一

3、（You, she/ he and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing.Who broke the window? I and Mike.注：it 还有一些特别的用法。 1）用作形式主语,常用于 “Its +adj. +to do sth.”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that ”中. 3) 用在句型: “Its ones turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “Its time to do s

4、th / for sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “Its +adj. +that 从句”中. 6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make/ think /feel/find + it + adj. (名词)+ to do sth. 二.物主代词物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数my复数our单数mine复数ours形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数your复数your单数yours复数yours形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数its/his/her复数their单数its/his/hers复数theirs思维导图记知识第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复

5、数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1.形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2.名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as (they) . This is a friend of (my). Key:theirs,mine注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词） 2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可

6、跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 3. 反身代词反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself复数ourselves单数yourself复数yourselves单数himself herself itself复数themselves思维导图记知识单数复数第一人称myself ourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.反身代词的常用搭配: enjoy on

7、eself，hurt oneself，teach oneself = learnby oneself（自学）， by oneself（靠自己 )=on ones own， help oneself to（随便吃）， look after oneself， leave sb. by oneself（把某人单独留下），say to oneself （自言自语），for oneself ，dress oneself ，improve oneself 4. 指示代词指示代词近指远指单数this复数these单数that复数those思维导图记知识 1.近指: this these 远指: that t

8、hose 2.用法: 1)that 、those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复.，That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词。 The weather in Guangdong is hotter than in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than in this shop.A. this B. that C. one D. those Key:BD 2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.He had a bad cold,

9、that is why he didnt come. 3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方. This is Tom speaking. Who is that?5. 普通不定代词的区别思维导图记知识普通不定代词one与it 的区别some与any 的区别（一些）many与much的区别a few /few /a little /little 的区别each / every 的区别no one 与none 的区别both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别everyone与every one的区别1.one与it 的区别 One

10、代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物. This book is a good one. May I borrow it?2.some与any 的区别（一些） 一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中。但在表委婉语气或表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代替any. 常见于could / would / May/Can 开头或what about /how about . 等句中。 May I have some water? He asked me for some paper, but I didnt have any.3.many与much的区别（许多

11、的、大量的） Many+可数名词的复数，Much+不可数名词，都相当于 a lot of /lots of+复数名词/不可数名词 注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别表否定(几乎没有)表肯定(有一点/几个)修饰可数名词fewa few修饰不可数名词littlea little【同步练习】Jimmy cant buy anything now because he has money with him.This passage is very difficult. people can u

12、nderstand it.Is your friend Frank still in England?I dont know.I have information about him because we havent seen each other for years.Hurry up！The movie is beginning.Dont worry.There is still time left. The story is easy to read. There are new words in it . Key:little,Few,little,a few;a little;few

13、5.each / every 的区别（每一个） each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.【同步练习】 There are trees and flowers on side of the street . student has read a story . Key:each,Every注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.【同步练习】 Each of us (study )hard .Key:studies6.no one 与none 的区别

14、 no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.【同步练习】 The boys were all tired, but of them stopped to have a rest. Key:none7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别都都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneany【同步练习】There are many trees on side of the river. A. both B. any C. either D.

15、all Key:C 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.2) .both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数. neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 【同步练习】Neither of the answers (be) right .Both of my parents (be) workers.Key:is,are 3).相关词组 both and 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only but also 反义词组: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching

16、 TV. =Both you and she like watching TV.either or 或者或者 , neithernor 既不也不 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.【同步练习】Neither you nor he (be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = Lily Lucy going to the park.Key:is,Either,or,isC) either 也可用于否定句末，表示“也”。D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” ，用于倒装句: neither sb. 某人也不怎么样.If

17、you dont go there, neither_ I. (我也不去)Key:will4) how many /how much等提问数量:用none回答。 Who 的回答:用no one 回答。 What 的回答:用nothing 回答。 How many students are there in the classroom? _None_. Who can answer the question? _.A. None B. No one C. Nothing Key:8.everyone与every one的区别everyone 每个，人人，大家不与of 连用every one每个人

18、、物可与of 连用Every one of us has seen the film. Everyone should do their best.六.复合不定代词的用法someany noeverythingsomething某事anything任何事nothing没有事everything每件事onesomeone某人anyone任何人no one没有人everyone每人bodysomebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.。2.形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词

19、不定式放在不定代词之后。4.复合不定代词用于反意疑问句中，1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they .2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .5.any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何/任何物/任何人”Everything _begins_(begin ) to grow in spring , _doesnt _ _it_ ?Is there _anything_interesting_(一些有趣的事)in todays newspaper ?I want something _to_eat_ (eat

20、).六. 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)We often borrow each others / one anothers books. (作定语)The students

21、corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework.(作定语)七other，the other，others，the others与anotherother其他的(泛指，可修饰名词)the other另一个(特指两者中的另一个)；onethe other一个另一个others其余的；别的(泛指，表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩余的全体)；someothers一些另一些(othersother名词复数)the others其余的；别的(特指，指一定范围内除去一部分人或物后，剩余的全部人或物)(the othersthe

22、 other名词复数)another再一个；另一个(泛指三者或三者以上中的人或物中的另一个)；one another(each other)互相Do you have any other questions？你还有其他问题吗？ She has two sons.One is a teacher；the other is an engineer.她有两个儿子，一个是老师，另一个是工程师。 Some of us like singing and dancing；others like drawing.我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，还有的喜欢画画。 Two girls in our class wi

23、ll go to the park，and the others will go to the zoo.我们班里两个女孩将去公园，其余的将去动物园。【同步练习】-用other，the other，others，another填空.I found one of your shoes,but I couldnt find .The cake is so delicious！Can I have piece,please?Certainly.Here you are.Li Hua is taller than any boy in his class.The students of Class On

24、e are cleaning the classroom.Some are carrying water while are sweeping the floor.Since youre busy today，Ill come again some day.I have two brothers.One is a teacher, is an actor. Key:the other,another,other,other,the other八. 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：

25、Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)九.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the ph

26、otograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?考点一：人称代词 典例1：【2017上海】The retired couple have decided to go to collegeIts time for_ to begin a new lifeAthey Bthem Ctheir Dtheirs【解析】句意：这对退

27、休的夫妇已决定上大学，是他们开始新生活的时候了。结合句意，此题考查句型its time for sbto do sth是该某人做某事的时候了，这里指代the retired couple，作宾语，要用人称代词宾格them，故选B。【答案】B举一反三1. 【2017江苏苏州】Mrs. Smith often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer _up. A. her B. them C. him D. us 2.【2017广东广州】 Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We

28、 have _ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 3【2017湖北孝感】-Could you record todays NBA basketball game for me？I can watch _ laterAone Bmy Cyour Dit 考点二：物主代词 典例2：【2017新疆阜康市】These arent _books，Mary. You left _at homeAyou，your Byour，yours Cyours，your Dyour，you 【解析】句意：Mary，这些不是你的书，你把你的书忘在家里了结合

29、选项。由于第一个设空处后面有名词，所以应填形容词性物主代词your；第二个设空处后面没有名词，所以应填名词性物主代词yours，故选B 【答案】B 举一反三4【2017贵州黔南州】-Are Kate and Joan_ good friends？ -Yes，they arePlease look after_A your；their Byour；them Cyours；theirs Dyou；them5.【2017四川绵阳】It is a good habit of _ to read something before going to bedAI Bme Cmy Dmine 6.【2017辽

30、宁沈阳市】For your homework, I want you to remember the names of all the planets in _correct order. A. our B. your C. its D. their 考点三：指示代词 典例3：【2017吉林长春】-Hello, Linda speaking. Whos _?-Hello, this is Martin.Ait Bone C. that D. this【解析】句意：你好，我是琳达。你是谁？你好，我是马丁。根据语境，此处为两人在打电话，称呼对方应用that.【答案】C举一反三7. As for l

31、earning English, students who read a lot can do much better than _who dont.A. thoseB. thatC. theseD. them考点四：反身代词 典例1：【2017广东惠州】-Look at this model ship. I made it all by _ last week. - Wow, you are so smart! A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 【解析】句意：看这个轮船模型，是我上周自己做的。哇，你真是太聪明了。根据句意可知，后半句要构成“靠某人自己by onese

32、lf”这个短语。【答案】D 举一反三8. 【2017福建龙岩】-Help _to some fish, kids. -Thanks. A. you B. your C. yourselves D. yourself9【2017四川南充】-your uncle is very good at cooking! How did he learn it?-He learned it by _.A. him B. himself C. her D. herself10.【2017山东德州】-Did you enjoy _in Chengdu last week?-Yes, I had great fu

33、n there.A. myself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves11. 【2017湖北荆门】-Do you know who taught _French？ -NobodyHe learned it by_ Ahis；himself Bhim；him Chim；himself Dhis；him 考点五：相互代词 典例5：【2017黑龙江哈尔滨】-Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose？ -BothThen I can give one to my brother and leave t

34、o myselfAanother Bthe other Cother D. others【解析】句意：这两件T恤你想要哪件？都要我可以给我弟弟一件，另一件留给我自己。根据语境可知，这里应为两者中的另一个，考查的是词组：一个另一个（onethe other） 。【答案】B 举一反三12. (2017山东日照28)Li Huas parents hold different opinions on whether they should have_ child.A. another B. other C. others D. the other13.My family has two dogs,

35、One is white, _is black.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others考点六：不定代词 典例6：【2017四川资阳】There is _wrong with Toms leg，we should send him to hospital at once Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 【解析】句意：Tom的腿有些问题，我们应该马上把他送到医院去。根据后面一句话we should send him to hospital at once，可知Tom的身体应该出现了一些问题，所以我们才要把他

36、送到医院句子又为陈述句【答案】A举一反三14.【2017湖南长沙】 _of us wants to go to the park today, because we have to finish so much homework. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. All15【2017山东青岛】Ladies and gentlemen，attention please! I have _ important to tell you Anothing Bsomething Ceverything Danything 16【2017江苏南京】Helen is new

37、here，so we know _ about her. Anothing Bsomething Canything Deverything 考点七：关系代词 典例7：【2017江苏南京】I still remember the college and the teachers _i visited in London years ago.A.whatB. whoC. thatD. which【解析】关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which，用来引导定语从句，它们在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表词，另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。who,who

38、m和whose在定语从句中常用来指人，which只指物，that既可指人也可指物。该题句意是：我还记得几年前在伦敦拜访过的那所大学和老师。定语从句所修饰的两个名词the college and the teachers，分别表示人和物，只能用关系代词that。答案为C。【答案】C 举一反三17. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that18. （2016达州）-Do you know the boy _is sitting next to Peter

39、？ -YesHe is Peters friendThey are celebrating his_birthdayA who，ninth Bthat，nineth C/，nineth Dwhich，ninth 19、 （2016临沂）Sweet wormwood （青蒿）is a common plant in ChinaTu Youyou is the woman_used the plants special power to save millions of livesA which Bwho Cwhose D/ 一、单项选择1. (2017甘肃白银9)Did you do the h

40、omework _？A. you B. yourself C. your D. yours2. (2017甘肃兰州 27)I asked _ to do _ schoolwork by _.A. him；his；himself B. her；her；itself C. her；his；myself D. him；her；herself3. (2017湖北随州)Thanks for inviting _ to your food festival. We really enjoyed ourselves.A. we B. they C. them D. us4.(2017河北 26)Is thi

41、s Kates bicycle?No，_ is under the tree. She put it there this morning.A. his B. hers C. mine D. yours5. (2017山东滨州24)Do you know who taught _ Russian?Nobody. He learned it by _.A. his；himself B. him；him C. him；himself D. his；him6. (2017山东济宁 17)What else do you need，sir?_ else. Ive got enough. Thanks.

42、A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything7. (2017湖南长沙 23)Theres _in the city. Why not have a picnic in the countryside?Great. Daweishan Mountains might be a good choice.A. interesting something B. nothing interesting C. anything interesting8. (2017湖北咸宁 29)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，but i