定语从句(外研版)课件.ppt

1、2013届高考英语一轮复习课件届高考英语一轮复习课件外研版全国通用第1页，共50页。第2页，共50页。第3页，共50页。观察意义对等的英汉句子，找出句子的对应部分观察意义对等的英汉句子，找出句子的对应部分 People who take medicine to lose weight are most likely to harm their health.服用药物减肥的(a)人(b)很可能损害他们的健康(c)。1英语和汉语中定语从句有什么区别？英语和汉语中定语从句有什么区别？答案答案 Ab;Ba;Cc。A BC第4页，共50页。1 英语中定语从句放修饰词后，作后置定语，以引导词作为标志；汉语

2、中定语从句放修饰词前，以“的”为标志。第5页，共50页。2定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？发光的不一定都是金子。引导词that 是关系代词 维也纳是顶尖音乐家的聚集地。引导词that，those是关系代词 翻译下列句子，把定语从句的引导词进行分类翻译下列句子，把定语从句的引导词进行分类1.All that glitters isnt gold.2.Vienna is a place where top musicians gather.第6页，共50页。自助者天助。引导词where是关系副词。老师受歧视的日子一去不复返了。引导词where，when是

3、关系副词。2定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？3.God helps those who help themselves.4.Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.第7页，共50页。2 定语从句的引导词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that，which,who，whom，whose，as；常见的关系副词有when,why,where。第8页，共50页。使用规范的答题步骤，确定各个定语从句的引导使用规范的答题步骤，确定各个定语从句的引导词词1.This is the

4、school_ I visited ten years ago.3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？That/which/省略解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，因先行词为物，故引导词用that，which或省略。第9页，共50页。2.This is the school_ I worked ten years ago.Where/in which解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为work

5、ed，先行词在从句中作worked的状语，因先行词为地点，故用where或in which。3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第10页，共50页。3.This is the school _ has a good reputation in and out of China.which/that解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为has a good reputation in and out of China，从句的谓语动词为has，先行词在从句中作has的主语，因先行词为物，故用 which/that。3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第11页，共50页。4.This is

6、the school _ teaching buildings are of ancient style.whose解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为teaching buildings are of ancient style，从句的谓语动词为are，先行词在从句中既不单独作主语，也不作宾语，也不作状语，但与主语teaching buildings有所属关系，故用whose。3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第12页，共50页。5.This is the school _ I visited the headmaster ten years ago.Where/in whic

7、h解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited the headmaster ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which。3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第13页，共50页。6.This is the school_ I worked in ten years ago.解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked in ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为work in，先行词在从句中作work in 的宾语，因先行词为物，故用that，which或省略。that

8、/which/省略3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第14页，共50页。7.This is the school _ made a speech at the forum.who/that解析解析 先行词为the school，定语从句为made a speech at the forum，从句的谓语动词为made，先行词在从句中作made的主语，但能够演讲的一定是“人”，故用who/that。3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？第15页，共50页。3 定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。“三找”：找先行词找定语从句找定语从句的谓语动词；“两定”：判定先行词与从句谓语动词的关系确

9、定关系代词或关系副词(兼顾人/物)。“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。第16页，共50页。根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词每空一词)1.我想买套窗户朝南的房子。Id like to buy a flat _ windows face south.Id like to buy a flat _ _ _ windows face south.Id like to buy a flat _ windows_ _ face south.4关系代词关系代词whose怎么使用？怎么使用？whose ofwhichthethe ofwhich第17页，共50页。

10、2.单身汉就是未成家的男人。A bachelor is a man _ cap covers his family.A bachelor is a man _ _ _ cap covers his family.A bachelor is a man _ cap _ _ covers his family.whose 4关系代词关系代词whose怎么使用？怎么使用？thewhomofwhomofthe第18页，共50页。4 先行词后的名词从属于先行词，用关系代词whose。whose n then.ofwhich of which then.，如先行词是人，其中的which改为whom。第19

11、页，共50页。填写定语从句的引导词填写定语从句的引导词1.Students_ have a wide range of knowledge have advantages in exams.2.The joint venture _has brought a lot of jobs to the locals plays an important role in the development of the city.3.Please inform me of anything _ you find unusual.that/whothat/which5关系代词中关系代词中thatthat和和

12、whichwhich在用法上有什么区别？在用法上有什么区别？that/省略第20页，共50页。4.All measures _can be taken should be taken to reduce environmental pollution.5.The building in front of_ there is a drug store dates back 500 years.6.China,_ covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers,is the third largest country in the glob

13、e.which whichthat5关系代词中关系代词中thatthat和和whichwhich在用法上有什么区别？在用法上有什么区别？第21页，共50页。5 当引导词确定为关系代词时，that和which用法上的区别可以分为三种情况：1用that(四种情况)：先行词为特定词 all,much，anything，nothing，everything，which，who等不定代词或疑问代词等；先行词前有特定词如形容词最高级，序数词，any，only，few，much,no，some，very等修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；先行词是人；第22页，共50页。5 2用which，即在介词关系代词结构中，

14、介词提前时或先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中只用which；3that和which 可以互换，即当先行词是物时，且不是特殊的先行词或先行词前没有特殊的词修饰时。第23页，共50页。用用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”结构翻译下列句子。结构翻译下列句子。1.刚才我对他说话的那个人是个销售经理。6“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式怎么使用？句式怎么使用？The man to whom I spoke just now is a sales manager.The man(who/that/whom/省略)I spoke to just now is a sales manager.第24页，共50页。2.

15、这就是我经常借书的图书馆。This is the library from which I often borrow books.This is the library(which/that/省略)I often borrow books from.6“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式怎么使用？句式怎么使用？第25页，共50页。6 在“介词关系代词”句式中，当先行词为人时，此时关系代词只能用whom；当先行词为物时，关系代词只能用which。第26页，共50页。填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.All the vegetables are said to be

16、from the farm _ my parents worked.2.The student _ I often lent reference books was accepted by a key university.7“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式中介词怎么确定？句式中介词怎么确定？on which to whom第27页，共50页。3.80 km/h is the speed limit _ drivers will be fined.4.Yo u s h o u l d c a r r y y o u r I D c a r d _ youll possibly get into

17、 trouble.5.This is the key point_ we should pay more attention.beyond which without which to which7“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式中介词怎么确定？句式中介词怎么确定？第28页，共50页。7 在关系代词前需要介词的定语从句中，介词的选用遵循“还原搭配”原则，即把定语从句还原成单独的一个句子，然后把先行词放在句末，再考虑在先行词前选用符合句意，搭配正确的介词。上述定语从句还原成单独的句子分别为：第29页，共50页。71.My parents worked on the farm.2.I often

18、lent reference books to the student.3.Drivers will be fined beyond the speed limit.4.Youll possibly get into trouble without your ID card.5.We should pay more attention to the key point.第30页，共50页。填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.Lets just discuss such questions_ are about current education system.2

19、.This is so difficult a problem _ none of us here can work out.8限制性定语从句中关系代词限制性定语从句中关系代词as怎么使用？怎么使用？asas第31页，共50页。3.T h i s i s s o d i f f i c u l t a p r o b l e m _none of us here can work it out.4.Id like the same car _my colleague has.that(that引导的是结果状语从句)8限制性定语从句中关系代词限制性定语从句中关系代词as怎么使用？怎么使用？as

20、句意为“我想要辆与我同事的车相同的车”(如填that，则表示“我想要我同事那辆车”)。第32页，共50页。8 as作为关系代词，在限制性定语从句中主要用于固定搭配such/so/the same/asas中。注意注意：such/sothat中that引导结果状语从句，意为“以致”。the same that表示同一事物，而the sameas表示类似的事物。第33页，共50页。指出下列句子中有逻辑错误的句子指出下列句子中有逻辑错误的句子 1.My brother who works on China Daily is in his 30s.2.My brother,who works on C

21、hina Daily,is in his 30s.3.China which is located in East Asia is on the way to greater success.4.My mother who is considerate and helpful wins respect from all.9非限制性定语从句有什么特点？非限制性定语从句有什么特点？第34页，共50页。答案答案 句3，句4有逻辑错误。“中国”是独一无二的国家，无所谓“地处东亚的中国”一说，换言之，不能使用限制性定语从句修饰“中国”，只能使用非限制性定语从句补充，说明“中国”的有关属性。同样，“妈妈”

22、是独一无二的，“体贴入微和好帮助他人的妈妈”让人产生误解。用限制性定语从句修饰独一无二的人或事物会产生歧义。9非限制性定语从句有什么特点？非限制性定语从句有什么特点？第35页，共50页。9 非限制性定语从句有两大特点：非限制性定语从句有两大特点：形式上有逗号，从句与主句分开；意义上，从句不修饰限定先行词，而是补充说明先行词的属性，通常单独翻译成一个句子。第36页，共50页。选用选用as 或或which填空填空 1.Mother usually brings fruits to my classroom,_embarrasses me a lot.2.The air show being hel

23、d in Zhuhai is fantastic,_ can be seen.whichas10 关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，容时，whichwhich和和 as as在用法上有何区别？在用法上有何区别？第37页，共50页。3.Some American troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East,_ we have learnt from the newspaper.4._ we have learnt from the newspaper,some American troops are

24、being withdrawn from the Middle East.as/which As10 关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，容时，whichwhich和和 as as在用法上有何区别？在用法上有何区别？第38页，共50页。5.The young lady married an old man with a lot of money，_ is disgraceful.6.The material resists heat，_ shown in the experiment.which as10 关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内关系代词代

25、替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，容时，whichwhich和和 as as在用法上有何区别？在用法上有何区别？第39页，共50页。关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，which和 as在用法上有很大区别。1从先行词在从句中充当的句子成分角度：在主谓宾(补)结构的定语从句中作主语，只能用which(如例1)；10第40页，共50页。2从定语从句的位置角度：放句首或句中引导从句，只能用as(如例4);从句在句末，无其他限制条件时，既可用which，也可用as(如例3)。句型模式为：as；主语 谓语；主语，as，谓语；主语 谓语，as/which10第41页，共50页。3从固定搭配角度：在引导

26、词be done 结构中省略be时，只能用as(如例6)；常见固定用法as is well known,as is often the case,as often happens,as has been said before,as has been pointed out,as can be seen等常用as(如例2)。4从定语从句的肯、否定意义角度：从句内容为否定意义时，常用which(如例5)。10第42页，共50页。填写定语从句的引导词填写定语从句的引导词1.This is the teacher_ I often ask advice on how to improve my En

27、glish.2.I have never come across such a situation _ customers have to pay in cash.where where11关系副词关系副词wherewhere前面的先行词是否一定为地点名词？前面的先行词是否一定为地点名词？第43页，共50页。3.0 is the freezing point _ water turns into ice.4.A p a r t y i s a n o c c a s i o n _ participants should dress formally.5.This is a rare case

28、_ lost money can be found again.where when/where/on which where11关系副词关系副词wherewhere前面的先行词是否一定为地点名词？前面的先行词是否一定为地点名词？第44页，共50页。当先行词表达的意义为处所，程度，状态，情况时，引导词的确定需要采用“还原搭配”原则。上述五个定语从句可还原为：1.I often ask advice on how to improve my English from the teacher.2.Customers have to pay in cash in such a situation.3

29、.Water turns into ice at the freezing point.11第45页，共50页。当先行词表达的意义为处所，程度，状态，情况时，引导词的确定需要采用“还原搭配”原则。上述五个定语从句可还原为：4.Participants should dress formally on the occasion.5.Lost money can be found again in a rare case.11第46页，共50页。12使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？改正下列句子中的错误并概括其错误类型改正下列句子中的错误并概括其错误类型 1.A

30、touchmenot is a kind of plant that it shrinks when touched.2.This is the gift was given to you by a Smith.去掉it；错误类型为：成分赘余 was前增加that或which；错误类型为：成分残缺第47页，共50页。12使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？3.Math is one of the subjects that takes up much of my spare time.4.My father who visited Bristol has a passion for English culture.takes改为take；错误类型为：相悖(先行词与从句谓语动词单复数不一致)。在who和has前加逗号；错误类型为：歧义第48页，共50页。5.Ill remember those days when we spent together.when改为that/which或去掉when；错误类型为：(引导词)混淆。12使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？使用定语从句时易出现哪些错误类型？第49页，共50页。定语从句使用上的错误类型大致为五类：赘余，残缺，相悖，歧义，混淆。12第50页，共50页。