[人教版]七年级下册历史第1课隋朝的统一与灭亡教学课件.ppt

1、第1课 隋朝的统一与灭亡,复习回顾,中国古代历史上册中统一的王朝：,秦,汉,西晋,隋,南北朝时期各自包括的朝代：,北朝：,南朝：,北魏,西魏,东魏,北周,北齐,宋,齐,梁,陈,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

3、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.建立者： 2.建立时间： 3.都城： 4.统一全国的时间：,一、隋的统一,杨坚（隋文帝）,589年，隋文帝灭掉陈朝,581年，杨坚夺取北周政权，建立隋朝,长安,隋文帝：,杨坚，华阴人，隋朝的开国君主。 初仕北周，封隋公，581年，静帝禅让为帝，国号隋。 在位二十四年，后为次子杨广所弑，谥文帝。,隋文

4、帝,隋的统一，结束了长期分裂的局面，顺应了统一多民族国家的历史发展大趋势。,5.意义：,6.发展措施：,发展经济，编订户籍； 统一南北币制和度量衡制度； 加强中央集权，提高行政效率。,相关史事：,含嘉仓是隋朝在洛阳修建的最大的国家粮库。经考古发掘，遗址面积40多万平方米，有数百个粮窖。仓窖口径最大的达18米，最深的达12米，隋文帝末年，国家储备的物资和粮食可以供应全国五六十年。,这一史事说明了什么？,隋朝经济繁荣,隋朝经济繁荣出现的原因：,国家统一，社会安定。 隋文帝在政治上改革制度，发展生产，注重吏治；在经济上，注意减轻人民负担；在自身行为上提倡节俭，以身作则，生活简朴。,状元成才路,状元成

5、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

6、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

7、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二、开通大运河,目的： 时间： 人物： 概况： 意义：,为了加强南北交通，巩固隋王朝对全国的统治。,从605年起。,隋炀帝,全长2700多千米，是古代世界上最长的运河；大运河成为南北交通的大动脉。,加强了南北地区政治、经济和文化交流。,隋朝的大运河示意图,洛阳,长安,涿郡（北京）,余杭（杭州）,永济渠,通济渠,邗沟,江南河,海河,黄河,淮水,长江,钱塘江,一条：一条贯穿南北的大动脉,二长：2700多千米,三点：三个城市,四段：分为四段,五河：贯穿五大水系,江都（扬州）,六省：跨越六个省份,加强

8、南北交通，巩固隋王朝对全国的统治,从605年起,以洛阳为中心，北达涿郡，南至余杭,永济渠、通济渠、邗沟、江南河,海河、黄河、淮水、长江、钱塘江,古代世界上最长的运河,思考：,隋文帝在位的二十多年里，国家治理得比较好，出现了经济繁荣的景象，使隋炀帝开通大运河具备了经济实力。 隋朝国家统一，使隋炀帝有征发几百万人的可能性。 天然河道和古运河的基础。,隋炀帝时为什么能开通纵贯南北的大运河？,结合大运河的作用和下面的材料进行评价： 假如你是商人： 我是隋朝末期家住洛阳的一位商人，我经常南下去余杭做生意，以前通济渠和江南河都没有开通，每次南下都要绕很远的路，自从大运河开通后，洛阳与余杭之间长1700多公

9、里的河道，我都可以乘船到达，真是又方便又快捷。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

10、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

11、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,假如你是河工： 我是隋朝末年河北郡人，皇上征发我们郡壮丁百余万开凿永济渠，男子不够，还征发了妇女。开河时监督的官吏很凶，令我们白天黑夜地干活。反抗者不论罪行轻重，不用上奏圣上就直接斩杀。谁做慢了，就用棍子毒打，每天过着生不如死的生活。我们队伍中十分之四五的人，最后都因饥饿劳累而死。 假如你是隋炀帝： 开通大运河后，南方的物资都运到了北方，加强了朕对整个国家的控制，而且朕在日理万机之余可以乘龙舟游江南，体察民情，实乃一大幸事。,说

12、说隋炀帝开凿大运河的功与过？,隋炀帝是中国历史上有名的暴君。他开通大运河无论主观目的如何，给当时的老百姓都带来了深重的苦难。大运河在古代发挥交通命脉的功能，是从唐朝开始。随着南方经济的发展，大运河南物北运的功能发挥得越来越多，对历代王朝，尤其是在元、明、清的数百年间，更是功不可没。时至今日，大运河仍在发挥着作用。,三、开创科举取士制度,背景：,庶族中小地主的经济实力不断增强，他们积极要求参政。 已有的选官制度矛盾突出，无法适应政治发展的需要，中央急需一大批高素质的官吏充实到政府各级行政机构之中去。,2.开创过程：,隋文帝时，初步建立起通过考试选拔人才的制度。 隋炀帝时，进士科的创立，标志着科举

13、制的正式确立。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

14、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

15、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.意义：,科举制的创立，是中国古代选官制度的一大变革； 加强了皇帝在选官和用人上的权力； 扩大了官吏选拔的范围，使有才学的人能够参政； 促进了社会阶层的流动，推动了教育的发展； 科举制度成为历朝选拔官吏的主要制度，维持了约1300多年。,想一想：科举制创立之前，我国采取什么方式选拔官吏？,分封制,察举制,九品中正制,分封制： 西周时，天子分封天下。国家由天子、诸侯、卿、士分级负责管理。各级依照血缘关系世袭。 东周以后，分封制开始崩溃。于是，有了“食客”、“客

16、卿”等制度以外的人才为各国国君服务。,察举制： 汉代，皇帝为了管理国家，要求地方各级推荐德才兼备的人才。由州推荐的称为秀才，由郡推荐的称为孝廉。 但是，察举制缺乏客观的评价标准，后期出现了地方官员徇私的现象。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

17、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,九品中正制： 由北魏魏文帝（曹丕）创立。在各州郡设置中正，中正的职责主要是评议人物，标准有三：家世、道德、才能。根据对这三方面的评议，将人物分为九品。 但是，由于中正多为门阀世族，于是在实际评议中，才能标准逐渐被忽视，家世则越来越重要，甚至成为了唯一的标准，到西晋时期，

19、最终形成了高门子弟做大官，寒门学子无官做的局面。,四、隋朝的灭亡,时间： 原因： 结果：,618年,隋炀帝好大喜功，纵情享乐，奢侈无度； 营建一系列重大工程，不恤民力； 屡次发动战争，社会矛盾激化。,残暴统治导致大规模的农民起义，并蔓延到全国。618年，隋炀帝在江都被叛军所杀，隋朝灭亡。,思考探究：隋朝与秦朝有哪些相似之处？,*相同之处： 都结束分裂，实现统一； 都创立新的制度； 都建有闻名于世的伟大工程； 都实行暴政，历二世而亡； 都短暂，但却是承上启下，继往开来的朝代。,*不同之处： 1.所处时代不同 2.建立政权的方式不同 3.对知识分子的政策不同,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

21、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

22、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,隋 朝 的 统 一与灭亡,隋的统一,建立,1.时间：公元_年,2.人物： _,3.都城： _,统一：公元_年，隋灭陈，统一全国,581,杨坚,长安,589,开通大运河,1.目的：为加强_，巩固_ 2.规模：以_为中心，北抵_，南至_ 3.历史地位：是_最长的运河 4.作用：大大促进_的交流,南北交通,全国统治,洛阳,涿郡,余杭,古代世界,南北经济文化,科举取士：隋文帝时，初步建立起通过考试选拔人才的 制度。隋炀帝时，创立_,隋的灭亡：_,进士科,618年,1.隋统一后采取了一系列措施促进社会经济的恢复 和发展，使

23、其逐渐成为国力强盛的王朝。这些措 施包括（ ） 编订户籍 统一南北币制 统一南北度量 衡制度 加强中央集权，提高行政效率 A. B. C. D.,A,课堂练习,（2017山东东营）一位中国作家评论道：此项工程的：发起者隋炀帝“虽使他的朝代缩短了许多年，但给子孙万代却带来莫大的好处。”“此项工程”是（ ） A.都江堰 B.灵渠 C.赵州桥 D.大运河,D,（2017湖北黄石）2017年是我国恢复高考40周年，高考制度有利于国家人才的选拔。历史学者威尔杜兰特在世界文明史里评价我国古代某制度曾写道：“没有操纵的提名，没有伪君子卑鄙的争夺没有混战或腐败的选举，没有仅凭巧言而能登入仕途的现象”。他称赞的是中国古代的（ ） A.中央集权制 B.九品中正制 C.郡县制 D.科举制,D,