[人教版]七年级下册历史第17课明朝的灭亡教学课件.ppt

1、第17课 明朝的灭亡,一、政治腐败与社会动荡,1.政治腐败的表现,皇帝沉迷享乐，疏于朝政； 皇室内部钩心斗角，纷争不已； 大臣结党营私，争权夺利。,相关史事：,明武宗将政事交给宦官刘瑾处理，自己在宫中纵情享乐，还四出游玩，甚至公开抢掠民女。明熹宗爱好木工，成年累月像木匠一样制作木器，朝政全都交给宦官魏忠贤。于是，魏忠贤权倾朝野，人称“九千岁”。,2.社会动荡,官吏贪赃枉法，对民众百般盘剥； 皇室贵族、宦官、官僚、地主等疯狂土地兼并，大量农民流离失所。,二、李自成起义推翻明朝,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

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4、李自成出身于陕西米脂县的一个农民家庭，童年给地主放羊，长大后当过兵。陕西爆发农民起义后，他投奔起义军。由于 他英勇善战，被称为“闯将”。 后来他成为起义队伍的领袖， 人称“李闯王”。,人物介绍：,（1）根本原因：政治腐败，阶级矛盾异常尖锐。 （2）直接原因：陕西北部一带连年大旱，庄稼颗粒无收，饥民遍野，官府不顾民众死活，催征如故。,1.李自成起义原因,“均田免赋”,2.口号：,1644年，李自成在西安建立政权，国号大顺。 1644年4月，攻入北京城，推翻明朝。,3.过程,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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7、满洲兴起和清兵入关,1.满洲兴起,1616年，努尔哈赤统一了女真各部，建立政权，国号大金，史称后金； 1635年，皇太极改族名为满洲； 1636年，改国号为清。,2.清兵入关,明军将领吴三桂降清，引清兵入关，并与清军联合夹击李自成的军队。李自成在山海关交战失利，退回北京后转战各地，最后失败。,政治腐败，宦官擅权。 社会动荡不安，土地兼并严重。 赋税沉重，阶级矛盾尖锐，大规模农民起义爆发。,思考：明朝灭亡的原因是什么？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

9、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课堂小结,明代中后期政治腐败、社会动荡,李自成起义,1644建立政权 1644攻占北京,明朝灭亡,吴三桂降清，清兵入关,李自成山海关失利 转战各地，最后失败,1.明太祖时，曾携铁牌于宫门：“内臣(宦官)不 得干预政事，预者斩。”然而，正是明朝，宦 官专政曾几度达到登峰造极的地步。其直接原 因是（ ） 皇帝昏庸，少问政事 宦官利欲熏心，权 力膨胀 朝臣阿谀奉承，治国无方 藩 王势力太大，亟须监察 A. B. C. D.,A,随堂练习,2.下面是满洲贵族兴起和清朝建立过程中发生 的重大事件，按时间先后顺序排列正确的是 ( ) 建立后金 改国号为清 迁都北京 统一女真各部 A. B. C. D.,B,