（人教版）九年级语文下册写作 审题立意优质课件.ppt

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3、路,状元成才路,正确理解审题立意的内涵和要求。 掌握不同类型写作题目的审题立意方法。 能够运用审题、立意的方法技巧，按要求完成写作活动。,一 阅读下面的材料，在认真审题的基础上，列出两三个写作的主题。,匆匆赶路的猫头鹰遇到斑鸠。斑鸠问它：“你要到哪儿去？”猫头鹰回答：“我打算搬到东方去。”斑鸠不解地问：“为什么呢？”猫头鹰说：“这里的人都讨厌我的叫声。”斑鸠说：“你要改变自己的叫声就可以了。如果不改变你的叫声，即使到了东方，还是会惹人讨厌的。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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5、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二 从上面列出的主题中选择一个，自拟题目，写一篇作文。不少于600字。 三 以翻过那座山为题，写一篇记叙性文章。不少于600字。,文题一要求阅读材料，

6、审明材料的内涵，然后列出两三个主题。要注意先明确材料的寓意，然后运用审题立意的技巧列出相关的主题。 文题二是在文题一的基础上进行，要求同学们选择一个比较新颖的主题，自拟题目写作。要注意贴近自己的生活选题，这样才能有话可说；要注意拟题新颖，这样才能引起读者的阅读兴趣。,3.文题三审题要注意写记叙性文章，这就需要交代 记叙的要素，即时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、 经过和结果，同时在叙事之后，还要有对事件的 感悟，以深化中心，升华主题。,审题，就是深入思考和反复推敲作文的题目，理解其含义，弄清写作的具体要求，确立写作中心，确定下笔角度及感情基调，明确写作方式和方法的过程。 立意，就是确定文章的主题思

7、想，也就是通过所写的内容来表达自己的观点和情感等。,审题,要求,方法,全面、细致 客观、准确 开放、深入,一般的命题性作文注意题目的限制条件，明确选材范围，进而确定中心,比喻性题目一要善于理解题目的比喻义，为喻体匹配恰当的本体,材料作文审题时要准确，深入地理解材料的含义，根据材料意义确定中心，再根据中心选择写作材料,立意,要求,方法,正确、积极 鲜明、集中 深刻、新颖,顺向立意题目中明确蕴含着什么思想，就直接以此作为文章的中心。题目含义可做多向解读的，就选择其中的一种思想作为文章中心 变向立意不顺着题目本有的意义进行思考，而是从其他方向去思考问题,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

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10、鹰因叫声不被人喜欢而决定搬家的故事。斑鸠认为除非猫头鹰能改变自己的叫声，否则不管搬到哪里，都不会受到别人的欢迎。这也是材料的本意：只有改变自己，才能适应环境。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

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12、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,仔细揣摩这则寓言故事，我们可以悟出许多道理：（1）对待自己某些重大的缺点或问题，必须要从根本上加以解决。如果只就事论事，回避矛盾，问题是永远解决不了的。（2）当自己在某一环境中难以适应，无法得到人们认可时，主动寻找一个适合自己生存的环境，是一种明智的选择。（3）一味迁就不是真英雄，张扬个性方显真本色。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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15、为上策”等等。,做人贵在自省 长期不照镜子，弄得灰头土脸，自然不够文明。一天照镜一次，洗去仆仆风尘，走路容光焕发。这说明，做人贵在自省。 唯有善于自省，才能进步。,呼应标题，引出中心论点做人贵在自省。,文题二例文：,提出分论点一。,曾子“吾日三省吾身”，最终成为孔子高徒。王安石写完诗，还要不断修改，一个很普通的“绿”字，让泊船瓜洲展现无穷魅力，成为古诗名篇。曹雪芹写红楼梦，皇皇几十万言，却能增删五次，成就中国古典小说的巅峰之作。李世民说：“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，,可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。”铜也好，古也好，人也罢，这些都是反省检点自己的工具。一个人想要进步，反省是不可缺少的一

16、部分。 唯有善于自省，才能让人际关系更和谐。,本段采用引证法和例证法，证明分论点“唯有善于自省，才能进步”。,提出分论点二。,高尔基说：“学会在适当的时候承认错误，将会成为你与他人关系的调和剂。”古代的廉颇处处与蔺相如为难，但蔺相如有不与他计较的宽大胸怀。当廉颇听到蔺相如对敌狠对友宽的肺腑之言后，反省自己，最终悔悟，于是向蔺相如负荆请罪，二人终成好友。这一文一武成为赵国的中流砥柱，“将相和”的故事也一直传诵至今。,韩愈年轻时曾到朋友家作诗会友，在创作时因情绪激动打翻了朋友的一只碗，回到家后反省自己：虽然打破了一只碗事小，但如果办公也意气用事，岂不会坏了大事？于是他登门谢罪，削掉了一束头发以作誓

17、证。朋友被他这种精神感动，更加信任韩愈，成为他的至亲至信之人。,本段采用引证法和例证法证明分论点“唯有善于自省，才能让人际关系更和谐”。,廉颇的反省，让他的品性得到了升华，让他在自我的大海里找到了正确的航向，这种反省自然使人轻松。而有些人害怕承认错误，害怕丢面子，从不反省自己，于是自欺欺人，坚持自己是对的，最终使人际关系僵化，甚至连至亲好友也弃他而去。,采用正反对比论证的方法继续论证中心论点。,反省，是黎明，它能为你带来新世纪的曙光；反省，是阳光，它能为你带来无限的温暖；反省，是街灯，它能为你照亮夜行的路。反省，也是我们的朋友，让我们时刻记住它，善待它吧，生命因反省而更加精彩！,先用排比、比喻

18、句，突出反省的作用，最后发出呼吁号召，收束全文。,【名师点评】,本文选择文题一示例中的主题二“唯有自我反省，才能进步”，提炼出新的中心论点“做人贵在自省”。围绕这个中心论点，作者设置了两个分论点，第一个分论点从进步的角度论证，第二个分论点从人际关系的角度论证，论证时采用了大量的事实论据和道理论据，有的论据详细，有的论据处理得简略，但都紧紧围绕中心论点展开，全文论证十分严密。,翻过那座山 骄阳似火般炙烤着苍茫的大地。考试失利的我望着窗外的天空，心乱如麻。索性背上包，独自一人去登山。,这里确定“山”为有形的山，写的是登山，总领全文。,文题三例文：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

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20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“夏山苍翠而欲滴”，到处都是茂盛的树木，奇异的岩石

21、。放眼望去，碧空如洗，心情舒展了许多。拾级而上，奔山顶而去。行路难，山路更难。没到半山腰，我就感到了劳累。择一阴凉处席地而坐，观行云，听鸟语，闻草香，十分惬意。远望山顶，似乎遥不可及。但是，我能就此止步吗？为了远山的风景，我选择继续前行。,写登山之难：劳累，目标遥不可及。,上山的路越来越陡。我汗流浃背，树上的知了声嘶力竭地叫着，阳光从树叶间穿过，在地面投下斑驳的光影。清风袭来，送来丝丝凉爽。来到山涧旁，把手放进清澈的水里，身体和心灵都有说不出的惬意。,描写山间风景，渲染心情，也增添了语言的魅力。,继续前行，心中百感交集。跋涉在路上，不知经历着多少矛盾和挣扎，亦不知得到多少关爱与鼓励。我曾感到自

22、己像一名战败的将军，如血的残阳照着纷纷倒下的战马，鲜血染红猎猎战旗，成群的乌鸦在天空盘旋哀鸣如今，我从断壁残垣中奋然站起。有了希望，我不再迷惘，纵使,前方有强敌万千，我也不会逃避。“真的勇士，敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的鲜血”，敢于直面挫折才是真正的自己。,写登山过程中的所想，采用议论的形式，直面挫折的人生，格调高昂，立意积极。,任凭身躯多么劳累，负担多么沉重，也阻挡不了我前行的脚步。战鹰呼啸，我军攻势如潮我曾在黑暗中等待光明，光明终在我眼中闪烁。那，就是山顶。,表明自己的态度，展现积极向上的人生追求。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

23、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

24、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,翻过那座山，也许是梦想中浩瀚无边的大海；翻过那座山，也许仍是连绵不断的群山环绕。可是

25、，如果我不去翻越，又怎能知道山那边的风景？,反问，说明只有翻越那座山，才能知道山那边的风景。,站在山顶，环顾四周，连绵的群山向远处延伸。“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”的感觉真好！我蹲下身来，用手轻抚着岩缝中迎风摇曳的紫色小花，告诉自己，我会去战斗，为了不给未来留下遗憾；我会继续前行，翻越一座又一座山。,引用，增添文采，增添底蕴。,再次点题，照应前文，首尾圆合。,【名师点评】,这是一篇立意深刻，构思别致的习作。小作者巧妙地把现实中的山和生活中的“山”联系在一起，展示自己直面挫折的勇气和信心，审题准确，立意深刻。在结构上，作者以登山为线索，重点写登山的过程和感受，同时借助景物描写，渲染气氛，烘托心情，

26、做到情景交融，感情真挚，不失为一篇佳作。,（2019天津）按要求作文。 有人说助力成长的是梦想，有人说助力成长的是亲人的鼓励与陪伴，有人说助力成长的是挑战困难的勇气、坚强的意志、果断的行动力同学们，助力你成长的是什么呢? 请自拟题目，写一篇文章。,要求：（1）紧扣主题，内容具体充实；（2）有真情实感；（3）文体不限（诗歌、戏剧除外）；（4）不少于600字；（5）文中请回避与你相关的人名、校名、地名。,【真题解说】,这是一道材料作文题。审读材料可知，材料的核心词语是“助力成长”，材料最后一句“助力你成长的是什么呢”提示我们要思考什么是可以帮助我们成长的。助力成长的可以是材料中提及的梦想、亲人的鼓

27、励和陪伴、勇气、意志、行动力等，也可以是材料未提及的挫折、乐观的心态等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

28、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（1）选材：每个人都有一定的理想，这种理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向。爱因斯坦 立意：梦想助力成长。 （2）选材：本来无望的事，大胆尝试，往往能成功。莎士比亚 立意：勇气助力成长。,