（人教版）九年级语文下册11 送东阳马生序优质课件.ppt

1、11 送东阳马生序,写给东阳晚辈马君则的一篇赠序。 东阳，今属浙江。 生，长辈对晚辈读书人的称呼。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

3、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,了解有关作者的文学常识，把握赠序的文体特点；积累文言词汇，掌握常用的文言实词、虚词。（重点） 梳理文章的层次结构，注意多种表达方式的运用；体会文章中对比手法的运用。（难点） 学习古人勤勉治学、不怕吃苦的精神，培养正确的苦乐观；珍惜现在的优越条件，努力学习。（重点）,学习目标,宋濂（13101381），字景濂，号潜溪，浦江（今属浙江）人，元末明初文学家。与高启、刘基并称为“明初诗文三大家”。朱元璋称他为“开国文臣之首”，刘基赞誉他为“当今文章第一”，四方学者称他为“太史公”。著有宋学士文集等。,作

4、者简介,本文选自宋濂全集卷三十一（人民文学出版社2014年版）。明洪武十一年（1378），宋濂告老还乡的第二年，他应诏从家乡浦江（今属浙江）到应天（今江苏南京）去朝见明太祖朱元璋。其时，正在太学,背景链接,读书的同乡晚辈马君则前来拜访。宋濂了解他是个“善学者”，便写了这篇序，介绍自己的学习经历和学习态度，勉励他珍惜现有良好的读书环境，专心治学。,序 一种文体，有书序和赠序之分。书序是写在著作正文之前的文章，分自序和他序。自序是作者自己写的序，一般用来说明写作缘由、写作经过、中心内容、全书重点及特点等；他序是别人代写的序，多用来介绍和评论该书的思想内容和艺术特色等。赠序具有临别赠言的性质，内容多

5、为勉励、称许之辞。,文体知识,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

6、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

7、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,整体感知,朗读课文，读准生字词，借助注释理解文意。,嗜学（ ） 逾约（ ） 加冠（ ） 硕师（ ） 叱咄（ ）负箧（ ） 曳屣（ ） 皲裂（ ） 媵人（ ）,y,shu,ch du,qi,jn,yn,un,y x,sh,缊袍敝衣（ ） 烨然（ ） 容臭（ ） 俟其欣悦（ ） 谬称（ ） 冻馁（ ） 撰长书（ ） 廪稍（ ） 耄老（ ） 裘葛之遗（ ） 绮绣（ ）,y,s,mi,ni,ln,mo,xi,zhun,yn,wi,q,余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是

8、人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。既加冠，益慕,特别爱好。,没有办法。,得到。,常常。,借。,即“弗怠之”，不懈怠，指不放松抄录书。,跑。,超过约定期限。,因此。,加冠之后，指已成年。古时男子二十岁举行加冠（束发戴帽）仪式，表示已经成人。后人常用“冠”或“加冠”表示年已二十。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

9、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,圣贤之道。又患无硕师名人与游，尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊，门人弟子填其室，未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请；或遇其叱咄，色愈恭，礼愈至，不敢出一言以复；,学问渊博的老师。,交游，交往。,快步走。,拿着经书向同乡有道德有学问的前辈请教。叩问，请教。,道德声望高。,挤满。,把言辞和脸色略变得温和

11、一些。稍，略微。辞色，言辞和脸色。,提出疑难，询问道理。援，引、提出。质，询问。,弯下身子，侧着耳朵来请教。表示专心而恭敬。,训斥，呵责。,周到。,回答，答复。这里是辩解的意思。,俟其欣悦，则又请焉。故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。 当余之从师也，负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺，足肤皲裂而不知。至舍，四支僵劲不能动，媵人持汤沃灌，以衾拥覆，久而乃和。,等待。,背着书箱，拖着鞋子。,深冬，隆冬。穷，极。,皮肤因寒冷干燥而开裂。,这里指客舍。,四肢僵硬。支，同“肢”。,侍婢。这里指旅舍中的仆役。,拿了热水来洗濯。汤，热水。沃，浇。,被子。,暖。,寓逆旅，主人日再食，无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣

12、，戴朱缨宝饰之帽，腰白玉之环，左佩刀，右备容臭，烨然若神人；余则缊袍敝衣处其间，略无慕艳意，以中有足乐者，不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之,穿着华丽的丝绸衣服。被，同“披”。绮，有花纹或图案的丝织品。绣，绣花的衣服。,系帽的带子。,用作动词，在腰间佩戴。,寄居在旅店，店主人每天供给两顿饭。逆旅，旅店。食，供养，给吃。,香袋。臭，香气。,光彩照人的样子。,破旧的衣服。蕴，乱麻。敝，破。,丝毫没有。,羡慕。,因为内心有值得快乐的事，不觉得吃的穿的不如人。口体之奉，指吃穿的供给。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

13、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

14、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,勤且艰若此。今虽耄老，未有所成，犹幸预君子之列，而承天子之宠光，缀公卿之后，日侍坐备顾问，四海亦谬称其氏名，况才之过于余者乎

15、？ 今诸生学于太学，县官日有廪稍之供，父母岁有,年老。语出礼记曲礼上：“八十九十曰耄。”,意思是做了官。预，参与。君子，这里指有官位的人。,恩宠光耀。,跟随。,错误地称说我的姓名。这是自谦的说法。,每天在皇帝座位旁边侍奉，准备接受询问。,指太学生。,我国古代设在京城的最高学府。,这里指朝廷。,公家按时供给的粮食。,裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业、博士为之师，未有问而不告、求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书，皆集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精、德有不成者，,冬天的皮衣和夏天的葛衣。,给予，赠送。,饥饿。,都是古代学官名。,即“假之于人”，向别人借。诸，

16、相当于“之于”。,非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？ 东阳马生君则，在太学已二年，流辈甚称其贤。余朝京师，生以乡人子谒余，撰长书以为贽，辞甚畅达。与之论辨，言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学,同辈。,这里指退休后进京朝见皇帝。,低微，低下。,拜见。,写了一封长信作为礼物。贽，初次进见尊者时所持的礼物。,言辞谦和，脸色平易。,议论辩驳。辨，同“辨”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

17、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

18、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,甚劳，是可谓善学者矣。其将归见其亲也，余故道为学之难以告之。谓余勉乡人以学者，余之志也；诋我夸际遇之盛而骄乡人者，岂知予者哉？,诋毁，毁谤。,夸耀自己的际遇好（指得到皇帝的赏识重用）而在同乡面前表示骄傲。,通假字,四支僵劲不能动 同舍生皆被绮绣

19、 与之论辨,同“肢”，肢体,同“披”，穿,重点积累,同“辩”，辩驳,古今异义,每假借于藏书之家,古义：借 今义：不真实的,古义：最终 今义：士兵,卒获有所闻,古义：跑 今义：人或鸟兽的脚交互向前移动,录毕，走送之,媵人持汤沃灌,古义：热水 今义：食物煮后所得的汁水,古义：两次 今义：又一次,主人日再食,古义：这 今义：常用作判断词,以是人多以书假余,无从致书以观,古义：得到 今义：达到，实现,古义：给予，赠送 今义：遗失,父母岁有裘葛之遗,尝趋百里外,古义：快步走 今义：趋势,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

20、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

21、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一词多义,走送之 益慕圣贤之道 弗之怠 当余之从师也,代词，指“书”,结构助词，的,结构助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独

22、立性,代词，指“抄书”这件事,介词，因；介词，把,以是人多以书假余 计日以还 以衾拥覆 无从致书以观,连词，表修饰，可不译,介词，用,连词，表目的，可译为“来”,足肤皲裂而不知 久而乃和,连词，表转折,连词，表顺接,礼愈至 至舍,形容词，周到,动词，到、到达,益慕圣贤之道 余故道为学之难以告之,名词，学说，主张,动词，说、谈论,援疑质理 非天质之卑,动词，询问,名词，资质，禀赋,久而乃和 言和而色夷,暖,谦和,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

23、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

24、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,又患无硕师名人与游 无冻馁之患矣,动词，担心,名词，忧患,今诸生学于太学 假诸人而后见也,众，各,兼词，相当于“之于”,从乡之先达执经叩问 当余之从师也,介词，向,动词，跟从,词类活用,

25、腰白玉之环,名词用作动词，在腰间佩戴,名词用作状语，每天,主人日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享,形容词用作名词，新鲜肥美的食物,名词用作动词，动手；名词用作状语，用笔,名词用作动词，穿着破旧的衣服,余则缊袍敝衣处其间,手自笔录,文言句式,省略句：,又患无硕师名人与游 省略宾语“余”，正常语序应为“又患无硕师名人与（余）游”,余立侍左右 省略介词“于”，正常语序应为“余立侍（于）左右”,寓逆旅 “寓”后面省略介词“于”，正常语序应为“寓（于）逆旅”,倒装句：,弗之怠（宾语前置，正常语序应为“弗怠之”）,每假借于藏书之家（状语后置，正常语序应为“每于藏书之家假借”）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

26、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

27、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.作者从哪几个方面来写自己创造条件读书

28、的？,抄书之艰（幼年读书的艰辛）,家贫 无从致书以观 学习条件差（艰苦）,借书抄录（学习的勤奋） 弗之怠 学习态度好（求学的执着）,对比,研读赏析,从师之难（成年求师的艰难）,未尝稍降辞色老师的严厉,对 比 师生态度,立侍左右，俯身倾耳 平时请教老师的情景,色愈恭，礼愈至 老师发怒时他求教的情景,跋涉之苦（求学的艰难）,负箧曳屣，深山巨谷，穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂，四支僵劲,生活之苦（衣食粗劣、生活简朴）,住：寓逆旅 食：日再食 衣：缊袍敝衣,对 比,苦（贫寒）,同舍生：被绮绣 若神人,生活奢侈 豪华,2.作者为什么能克服这些困难，而“卒获有所闻”？,依靠精神力量“以中有足乐者”。,状元

29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

30、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.

31、作者从哪几个方面写了太学生学习条件优越？,诸生求学,生活条件优越，无冻馁之患,读书环境优越，无奔走之劳,无求师叩问之难,书目齐全，无无书之难,幼时抄书之艰,成年叩问之难,求师跋涉之苦,住读生活之苦,自身经历,对比,4.作者为什么花较多笔墨谈自己青少年时学习上的勤且艰？,作者讲述自己勤且艰的学习经历是为了现身说法，勉励马生。作者讲述自己青少年时期艰苦的求学条件，与当今的太学生优渥的学习条件形成鲜明的对比，由此勉励马生珍惜现在的良好条件，加倍努力学习。作者这样描述，拉近了与马生的心理距离，避免了板起面孔的空洞说教，显得委婉含蓄，更具说服力。,通过对比，作者说明了学习条件的好坏，对学习效果没有决定性

32、的影响。成功的重要因素是求学者的态度：要“勤且艰”和“用心专”。,5.作者认为学有所成主要靠的是什么？,6.作者写此文的原因是什么？试简要概括。,作者写此文的原因： 一是马生是作者的同乡，在京师拜见作者；二是马生文辞畅达、态度谦和、勤于学习，受到作者称赏；三是作者希望能勉励马生努力学习。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

33、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

34、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,7.学习本文后，我们应该怎样看待学习条件与学习好坏的关系？,学习条件不好，仍然能学好，像宋濂那样；学习条件好，却不一定能学好。学习条件的好坏，对学习能够有所影响，但不是决定性的因素，学习成功的关键，是长期坚持“勤且坚”和“用心专”。,1.叙议结合，突出中心。,文章以记叙为主，笔法简洁，有些地方适当地加以渲染和

35、描绘，给文章增添了文采，使文章更加具体生动。文章一开头，作者介绍自己“嗜学”，成人之后，“益慕圣贤之道”，这实际上,写作借鉴,是委婉地告诉马生，他学习能够刻苦和持之以恒的原因就在于此。接下来作者选择三个典型事例，分别叙述他的学习条件、学习态度和学习毅力。通过三个事例来现身说法，这比单纯的议论更为感人，也更容易被马生接受。,2.运用对比，深刻说理。,本文运用了对比手法，突出文章的主旨。作者通过讲述自己年轻时读书、从师、求学的艰苦经历，与富家子弟的奢华形成鲜明的对比，有力地突出了文章的主题，以此勉励马生勤奋求学、不怕吃苦。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

36、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

37、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,送东阳马生序,求学之难 用心之专,幼时抄书之艰 成年从师之难 求师跋涉之苦

38、 衣食粗劣、生活俭朴,语重心长 殷切希望 循循善诱 诚恳真挚,今日学习条件之优越,点题：交代写作缘由，勉励马生,生活条件 居住条件 师资条件 图书资料,勤且艰,用心专,结构梳理,主旨归纳,本文通过作者自述青少年时求学的种种艰辛，并和现在太学生学习条件的优越进行对比，说明一个人是否学有所成，关键在于自己是否勤奋、专心，赞扬了马生的谦虚好学，表达了对他的期望与勉励之情。,东汉时，有一个叫孙敬的年轻人，孜孜不倦勤奋好学，闭门从早读到晚也很少休息，有时候到了三更半夜的时候很容易打盹（瞌睡）。为了不因此而影响学习，孙敬想出一个办法，他找来一根绳子，一头绑在自己的头发上，另一头绑在房子的房梁上。这样，读书

39、疲劳打瞌睡的时候只要头一低，绳子牵住头发扯痛头皮，他就会因疼痛而清醒过来再继续读书。后来，他终于成为了赫赫有名的政治家。,悬梁刺股,拓展延伸,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

40、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,战国时期的苏秦是一个有名的政治家，但是他在年轻的时候学问并不多，到了好多地方都没有人关注，即使有雄心壮志也得不到重用，于是他下定决心发愤图强努力读书。由于他经常读书读到深夜，疲倦到想要打盹的时候就用事先准备好的锥子往大腿上刺一下，这样突然的痛感使他猛然清醒过来，振作精神继续读书。,课后作业,1.熟读并背诵课文。 2.作者家贫嗜学，乐以忘忧，在老师面前毕恭毕敬。我们现在应该如何看待这种学习态度和从师尊师的表现？,