托福综合写作--技巧完全版1课件.ppt

1、INTEGRATED TASK综合写作综合写作技巧展示技巧展示INTEGRATED TASKv本课内容本课内容NOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123INTEGRATED TASKv讲义第12页，第3题 演示 先画好“双栏”注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字 读阅读每一段的 Main point 和和 detail/reasonPRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv

2、T：privatized spaceflight industry R:benefits L:PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv阅读笔记：R1.Cheaper competition2.discoveries.More scientists sponsors3.Expenses customers,not publicL123PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记R:123L:1 details:traffic control system safety/tested2 detail:commercial projects,no scientific value3 deta

3、il:space stations/space airportsSCHOOL UNIFORM vT：school uniform R:stress L:SCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：R1.affordable financial stress2.Discomfort&self-consciousness emotional stress 3.Pick on social stress L123School uniform听力笔记听力笔记R:123L:1 costly details:certain select stores after-school clothes self-con

4、scious detail:some can present themselves in their own ways3 details:stage of life music/backpack INTEGRATED TASK2.SUMMARIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSUMMARIZING 1.eliminate unnecessary information 2.Combine into a sentence.因果关系因果关系INTEGRATED TASK

5、vBecauseSince,As a result ofAnd thus/therefore,;thus/thereforeContribute toLead toTriggerExplainserveBring aboutIfBy doing,WhenINTEGRATED TASKv展示 SUMMARIZING v通过题目 SCHOOL UNIFORMv PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELSCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：R1.affordable financial stress2.Discomfort&self-consciousness emotional stress 3

6、.Pick on social stress L123School uniform听力笔记听力笔记R:123L:1 costly details:only available from certain select stores after-school clothes when they go to meet friends2 self-conscious detail:some can present themselves in their own ways3 details:stage of life music/backpack School uniformv展示 SUMMARIZIN

7、G v通过 例题 SCHOOL UNIFORM 共6句话SCHOOL UNIFORMv1.If all students wear the same style of uniform,clothing cost will be less.阅读第1v School uniform is expensive/pricy,and students who wear uniform will buy trendy after-school clothes.听力第1SCHOOL UNIFORMv2.With everyone wearing the same uniform,students will

8、not be concerned about whether they are wearing the fashionably-correct clothes.阅读第2 v Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more self-conscious,because they can present themselves in a way of making them comfortable.听力第2SCHOOL UNIFORMv3.Unity in clothing can eliminate discrim

9、ination,so teasing and bullying of some students by others will be significantly reduced.阅读第3 v It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they are in that particular stage,also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks.听力第3INTEGRATED TASK3.SYNTHESIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TA

10、KING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSYNTHESIZING v把把 SUMMARIZING的的6句话整理成句话整理成3大段，形成大段，形成 BODY PARTConnect the information from both sourcesSYNTHESIZINGAccording to the lecture,_;this contradicts the points in the reading that_.The professor argues that_.This is different from

11、the reading,which states that_.The teacher says that_.However,this is not what the reading states;it says that_.SYNTHESIZINGContrary to the belief in the passage that_,the professor asserts that_.The author of the passage points out that_,while the lecture notes that_.According to the reading,_.The

12、passages point is different from the professor,which states that_.SYNTHESIZINGv展示 SYNTHESIZING v通过例题：PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHTPRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv阅读笔记：R1.Cheaper competition2.discoveries.More scientists sponsors3.Expenses customers,not publicL123PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记R:123L:1 details:traffic control

13、system safety/tested2 detail:commercial projects,no scientific value3 detail:space stations/space airportsSYNTHESIZINGv1.According to the lecture,the costs of creating and running traffic control system,and of testing new space ship will make space flight expensive.This contradicts the points made i

14、n the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduce costs.SYNTHESIZINGv2.The professor asserts that private space travel is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious researches to commercial projects.Contrary to w

15、hat the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasing the number of scientists working in the area of spaceflight.SYNTHESIZINGv3.The lecture notes that the taxpaying public will end up subsidizing space station,and so on,because the private invest(customers)can

16、 not cover the cost.While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers of private space flight industry will significantly reduce the financial burden on public.INTEGRATED TASKNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3例题：例题：CHARITABLE GIVINGvT：charitable g

17、iving R:decline L:CHARITABLE GIVINGv阅读笔记：R1.Less need government 2.Managers huge salaries3.Fraudulent solicitations/charity fraudL123CHARITABLE GIVINGv听力笔记R:123L:1 details:elderly&retired 2 detail:reform/resign,regain confidence3 detail:careful,(1)refuse via telephone (2)receive proof/docmentation.C

18、HARITABLE GIVINGv2-min drill写出BODY PART 的第一段：2个句子：阅读一句话+听力一句话CHARITABLE GIVINGv1.The teacher says that charitable giving will rise in the future,as the growing costs of public services from increasing elderly and retired people create need for private funding.This is not what the reading states,it i

19、s said that charitable giving will decline substantially,because government can cover most of charity.CHARITABLE GIVING2.The talk says that the mismanagement in charities has been reformed,by forcing the corrupted managers to resign,which gives donors more confidence.In the reading,however,it is arg

20、ued that disclosures of mismanagement of the charity will lead to a permanent decline in charitable giving.CHARITABLE GIVINGv3.According to the lecture,people are learning how to avoid fraudulent giving in charities by receiving documents before donation,by turning down donation via telephone.The pr

21、ofessors point is different from the reading.The reading states that people are unwilling to donate due to the charity fraud.INTEGRATED TASKv科学性文章科学性文章 vREADING:设想设想 LISTENING 反反 1 事实，事实，解释解释 驳：驳：解释解释 2 事实，事实，解释解释 3事实，事实，解释解释 Easter Island vT:Easter Island culture decline R:invasion vL:internal caus

22、es R:1 No trees 2 Statues stopped3 Religion changedL:1 build statues need tree logs to transport2.No fish,hard life,no logs to transport3.Lost confidence in old godsEaster Island p16v T:Easter Island culture decline R:invasion L:internal causes R:1 No trees 2 Statues stopped3 Religion changedL:1.2.3

23、.Easter Islandv1.The teacher says that the deforestation of Easter Island is the most plausibly explained by over logging by the native population who use the logs to transport the giant statues.This is not what the reading states,it is said that Easter Island was deforested by invaders who were unc

24、oncerned about natural resources.Easter Islandv3.According to the lecture,It is likely that Easter Islanders adopted a new religion because they lost faith in their old gods.The professors point is different from the reading,adopting a new religion called Birdman Worship of Easter Island was introdu

25、ced by a foreign invasion.Easter Islandv2.The talk says that the making of giant statues stopped because economic difficulties(the lack of fish to eat)left islanders without any energy to make them,and also it because there were no logs to transport them.In the reading,however,it is argued that this

26、 traditional culture practice of Easter Island was destructed by invasion.开头段开头段 v划去BODY PARTv只看开头段开头段 v v模板模板Modular template开头段：开头段：vIn the lecture,the professor made several points about_.The professor argues that_.However,the reading contends that_.The lecture contradicts the reading regarding s

27、everal points vFirstly,the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_.The professor proves his idea with an example/a reason that _.The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.vSecondly,contrary to the belief in the passage that_,the professor

28、 claims that _ by showing that_.The point undermines the claim made in the reading.vFinally,the professor states that _.This is contrary to the claim that _.Also the professor exemplifies his/her opinion by showing that_.This directly challenges what the reading passage indicates.vIn conclusion,the

29、points made in the lecture contrast with the reading.INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123ALTRUISMvOG p282R:1.donors gain nothing2.Sentinel meerkats food in guarding3.sen.meer.In danger from predatorsL:1.Donors gain appreciation from society2.sen.Meer.Eat b4 othe

30、r meers.3.sen.The 1st to escape from predators.ALTRUISM 的范文的范文vIntroduction ParagraphvThe topic for the lecture and the reading passage is _.The professor argues that_ _while the reading contends that_ _ _ _.The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points.altruismpeople and animals actu

31、ally benefit from so-called altruism actsaltruism is a kind of unselfish behavior which is quite common among people and animalsBody Paragraph 1vFirstly,the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_.In other words,_.The point made by the professor casts dou

32、bt on the reading.sentinel meerkats actually eat before the other meerkatsthey go without food to stand guardsentinel meerkats have a full stomach as they work according to recent studiesBody Paragraph 2vSecondly,contrary to the belief in the passage that _ _,the professor claims that _ _ _ by showi

33、ng that _ _.The point undermines the claim made in the reading.sentinel meerkats place themselves in danger from predators the alarm sentinels give off can draw away the attention from the predators and the sentinel meerkats stand near the burrow they are actually the first to escape Body Paragraph

34、3vFinally,the professor states that_ _ _.This is contrary to the claim in the passage that _ _.Also the professor illustrates his opinion by showing that _ _.This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates.human organ donors receive appreciation and approval from the rest of societythe

35、donors gain nothing from their action such non-material rewards are more important than materialistic gainsConcluding ParagraphvIn conclusion,the points made in the lecture challenge the readings claim.INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123School-year vacation vT:

36、school-year vacation R:valuable L:R:1.New places and culture meeting people 2.Benefits continue enthusiasm 3.Good for teachers lesson planL:1.Play catch-up catch up missed learning 2.Enthusiasm downside hard to fit back3.Interfere with less time for other ss.External v.s.internal hiring vT:hiring an outsider R:advantage L:1.New perspective diversity of ideas 2.Less cost no spending time and money in training3.Bring contacts valuable asset1.disagreement/conflict company has tradition 2.Additional costmore time personal relationship and settling-in period 3.Best employees will leave.