英语四级作文总论课件.ppt

1、考试流程考试流程 0808：40 40 禁止入场，分发答题卡禁止入场，分发答题卡 0909：00 00 发试题册发试题册 0909：10 10 考生开始写作部分考生开始写作部分 0909：3535 提示提示5 5分钟后听力开始分钟后听力开始 0909：40 40 听力开始听力开始 1010：1010 听力结束听力结束收答题卡收答题卡1 1 1010：15 15 考生继续作答考生继续作答 1111：15 15 提示还有提示还有1010分钟分钟 1111：25 25 考试结束考试结束第1页，共57页。第2页，共57页。写作总论写作总论1.1.写作命题剖析写作命题剖析 大纲要求：写作部分要求考生用英

2、语进大纲要求：写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。无重大语法错误。第3页，共57页。写作部分考核的技能是：写作部分考核的技能是：A.A.思想表达思想表达1 1）.表达中心思想表达中心思想2 2）.表达重要或特定信息表达重要或特定信息3 3）.表达观点、态度等表达观点、态度等B.B.篇章组织篇章组织4 4）.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点突出重点5 5）.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇连贯地组句成段，组段成篇第4页，共57页。C.C.语言运用语言运用6 6）.运用恰当的词汇运用恰当的词

3、汇7 7）.运用正确的语法运用正确的语法8 8）.运用合适的句子结构运用合适的句子结构9 9）.使用正确的标点符号使用正确的标点符号1010）.运用衔接手段表达句间关系运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等原因、结果、程度、目的等)D.D.写作格式写作格式1111）.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作 格式格式第5页，共57页。大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到教学要求教学要求中的一般要求，即中的一般要求，即“能完成能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情

4、感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性的话题或提纲在半小时内写出能就一般性的话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少至少120120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。能。”第6页，共57页。2.2.四级写作评分原则和标准四级写作评分原则和标准评分原则：评分原则：1.CET1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要定的四六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。求为准则。2.CET2.CE

5、T作文题采用作文题采用总体评分总体评分(Global Scoring(Global Scoring)方方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward(Reward Scores),Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.3.从从内容和语言内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。两个方面对作文进行综合评判。第7页，共57页。4.4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分满分;该给低分的给低分，包括该给低分的给低分，包括0 0分。一名阅分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中卷人员

6、在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。间的几种分数。5.5.阅卷的标准分为阅卷的标准分为5 5等，等，2 2分、分、5 5分、分、8 8分、分、1111分和分和1414分。另有标准样卷，我们参照样卷对分。另有标准样卷，我们参照样卷对大家的作文进行评分，首先人们和哪个档次大家的作文进行评分，首先人们和哪个档次的样卷接近，则上下浮动的样卷接近，则上下浮动1 1分。分。第8页，共57页。注：注：1.1.白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0 0分。分。2.2.如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，如题目

7、中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数均不得计入所写字数3.3.只写一段者：只写一段者：0-40-4分；只写两段者：分；只写两段者：0-90-9分分（指规定三段的作文）（指规定三段的作文）第9页，共57页。2 2分分条理不清晰，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或几乎每条理不清晰，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或几乎每个句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。个句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。(“一塌糊一塌糊涂涂”)5 5分分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。（严重语言错误。（“隔三差五有点对隔三差五有点对”）8 8分分基本切题。有些地方表达思

8、想不够清楚，文字勉强基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。（“隔三差五有点错隔三差五有点错”）1111分分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。（“只有两三个错只有两三个错”）1414分分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，仅切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，仅有个别小错误。有个别小错误。（。（“几乎没有错几乎没有错”）第10页，共57页。第11页，共57页。Now,the more science the more quickl

9、y,people start learning how to use Internet.That is know they need.But there were traditional education.Student think“isnt that all the education I really need?”I want to talking in myself thinking.Tradition education can know knowledge of student.But tradition education learn in hige,example math,C

10、hinese,ede.I cant choose like knowledge.Many student think that all education I not need.Some people of them is not so like learning on internet.We study at can help us more feel reel to learn.But,we can relaxing know many knowledge in the Internet.Now,there are phone hige power,can quickly know new

11、s.We have problem in the learn that use Google.This is my opinion.Are you opinion?(130 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第12页，共57页。评分样卷评分样卷(1)2 2分分条理不清晰，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或几乎每个句条理不清晰，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或几乎每个句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。第13页，共57页。Now,the more science the more quickly,people start learni

12、ng how to use Internet.That is know they need.But there were traditional education.Student think“isnt that all the education I really need?”I want to talking in myself thinking.Tradition education can know knowledge of student.But tradition education learn in hige,example math,Chinese,ede.I cant cho

13、ose like knowledge.Many student think that all education I not need.Some people of them is not so like learning on internet.We study at can help us more feel reel to learn.But,we can relaxing know many knowledge in the Internet.Now,there are phone hige power,can quickly know news.We have problem in

14、the learn that use Google.This is my opinion.Are you opinion?(130 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第14页，共57页。Nowadays,we can hardly live a single day without internet,for we can search almost all the information on the internet.Just as the picture shows,some students even think that learn

15、ing how to use internet is equal to receiving all the education he needs.However,education will never simply mean learning to obtain information.There are several reasons for it.Firstly,education includes not only gaining more knowledge but also improving comprehensive skills.Secondly,information pr

16、ovided on the internet consists of positive and negative parts,and its difficult for you to make sure what you absorbed is useful.Whats more,education can be compared to a building while information makes the basis,necessary but uncomplete.We should absorb more things from our daily life and practic

17、al experience.So its natural for us to draw a conclusion that learning to obtain information is only one part of education.Wed better use internet searching for information as a tool to gain better education rather than fully depend on it.(168 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第15页，共57页。评分

18、样卷评分样卷(2)11 11分分切题，思想表达清楚，连贯。有个别句切题，思想表达清楚，连贯。有个别句子结构错误及少量其他语言方面的错。子结构错误及少量其他语言方面的错。第16页，共57页。Nowadays,we can hardly live a single day without internet,for we can search almost all the information on the internet.Just as the picture shows,some students even think that learning how to use internet is

19、 equal to receiving all the education he needs.However,education will never simply mean learning to obtain information.There are several reasons for it.Firstly,education includes not only gaining more knowledge but also improving comprehensive skills.Secondly,information provided on the internet con

20、sists of positive and negative parts,and its difficult for you to make sure what you absorbed is useful.Whats more,education can be compared to a building while information makes the basis,necessary but uncomplete.We should absorb more things from our daily life and practical experience.So its natur

21、al for us to draw a conclusion that learning to obtain information is only one part of education.Wed better use internet searching for information as a tool to gain better education rather than fully depend on it.(168 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第17页，共57页。From this picture,we can kno

22、w more and more people begin to using internet to learning.Some people hold a mind that once I learn how to use Internet,isnt that all the education I really need?For this we can find that Internet have a influence to our life,education and job.People have a few patience to learning because they can

23、 know everything from internet.But I firmly believe that we must learn in school even the Internet is fast and good.I trust that people can get a amount of information in Internet,in other words,education doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information.Some reasons about it.Firstly,students can le

24、arn how to get along with strangers when they learning in school.It can help them grow health.The more important is students can communication with their friends and can learn how to cooperation and compitetion.From these reasons,we can know education doesnt mean learning to obtain information.(163

25、words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第18页，共57页。评分样卷评分样卷(3)8 8分分基本切题，思想表达尚清楚，勉强连贯，语言基本切题，思想表达尚清楚，勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误，但尚可错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误，但尚可以理解。以理解。第19页，共57页。From this picture,we can know more and more people begin to using internet to learning.Some people hold a mind that once I learn how

26、 to use Internet,isnt that all the education I really need?For this we can find that Internet have a influence to our life,education and job.People have a few patience to learning because they can know everything from internet.But I firmly believe that we must learn in school even the Internet is fa

27、st and good.I trust that people can get a amount of information in Internet,in other words,education doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information.Some reasons about it.Firstly,students can learn how to get along with strangers when they learning in school.It can help them grow health.The more i

28、mportant is students can communication with their friends and can learn how to cooperation and compitetion.From these reasons,we can know education doesnt mean learning to obtain information.(163 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第20页，共57页。With the development of the Internet,it is growing

29、 more and more people dely on it.Just like this picture,some students,teachers,are educated to how to obtain information.There is no doubt for learning on the Internet help us to share our success with each other.But if use most of our time on the Internet,not only can it cause us want not learning,

30、but also it isnt good for education,especially for students.Some students even use obtain information or answer when take an examination.To sum up,I cling to believe that education doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information.You think,where is the information come from?If we only learn how to

31、obtain,it is bad for development and the information cant grow.Once you know how to use Google or Baidu,maybe you will think the teacher have just taught you are not available.So it is bad for education from teacher.(160 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第21页，共57页。评分样卷评分样卷(4)5 5分分基本切题。表达思想

32、不清楚，连贯性基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。差。有较多的严重语言错误。第22页，共57页。With the development of the Internet,it is growing more and more people dely on it.Just like this picture,some students,teachers,are educated to how to obtain information.There is no doubt for learning on the Internet help us to share our su

33、ccess with each other.But if use most of our time on the Internet,not only can it cause us want not learning,but also it isnt good for education,especially for students.Some students even use obtain information or answer when take an examination.To sum up,I cling to believe that education doesnt sim

34、ply mean learning to obtain information.You think,where is the information come from?If we only learn how to obtain,it is bad for development and the information cant grow.Once you know how to use Google or Baidu,maybe you will think the teacher have just taught you are not available.So it is bad fo

35、r education from teacher.(160 words)The Impact of the Internet on Learning第23页，共57页。This picture is actually a mirror of the growing impact the Internet has on peoples process of learning.Theres no denying that the Internet does make learning more convenient.However,we shouldnt overlook the fact tha

36、t this easy access to obtain information can make people think that education is no longer necessary and that one can be equally well-educated just using the Internet.Those holding this view tend to misunderstand the real sense of education,which lies in the following.Firstly,obtaining information d

37、oesnt necessarily lead to obtaining truth.We find the Internet convenient and useful because we are well-educated and capable of telling right from wrong.We should owe this capability to education.Secondly,through education one learns not only to obtain the truth,but to think.Thinking makes us innov

38、ative and creative.Furthermore,it is thinking that helps us learn about morality.From my point of view,creativity and morality are what the society needs to grow healthier.To conclude,education doesnt simply mean obtaining information.Education can never be replaced by Internet learning.(177 words)第

39、24页，共57页。评分样卷评分样卷(4)14 14分分切题，文章通顺，语言规范。句法有一切题，文章通顺，语言规范。句法有一定变化，用词适当。有个别小错，但不定变化，用词适当。有个别小错，但不影响理解。影响理解。第25页，共57页。This picture is actually a mirror of the growing impact the Internet has on peoples process of learning.Theres no denying that the Internet does make learning more convenient.However,we

40、 shouldnt overlook the fact that this easy access to obtain information can make people think that education is no longer necessary and that one can be equally well-educated just using the Internet.Those holding this view tend to misunderstand the real sense of education,which lies in the following.

41、Firstly,obtaining information doesnt necessarily lead to obtaining truth.We find the Internet convenient and useful because we are well-educated and capable of telling right from wrong.We should owe this capability to education.Secondly,through education one learns not only to obtain the truth,but t

42、o think.Thinking makes us innovative and creative.Furthermore,it is thinking that helps us learn about morality.From my point of view,creativity and morality are what the society needs to grow healthier.To conclude,education doesnt simply mean obtaining information.Education can never be replaced by

43、 Internet learning.(177 words)第26页，共57页。写作中存在的问题写作中存在的问题 (1)(1)不会写不会写 所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。我认为主要是存何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。我认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说；二是心在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说；二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。(2)(2)写不好写不好 所谓写

44、不好就是，拿到作文题，没有明确的写作所谓写不好就是，拿到作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌；或是简单汉语逻辑思维写思路，不按套路出牌；或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，没有文采。原因在于：作，不符合英语写作标准，没有文采。原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯；第二对于英第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯；第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。第27页，共57页。解决办法解决办法 第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。四级考试要求考生在四级考试要求考生在3030分钟内写出分

45、钟内写出120120字的文字的文章。体裁主要有议论文、应用文章。体裁主要有议论文、应用文(主要是书信主要是书信)、图、图表文等。针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。表文等。针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。这就是为什么我一再强调大家手头上都要有一这就是为什么我一再强调大家手头上都要有一本关于四级写作的参考书，里面会详细告诉我们各本关于四级写作的参考书，里面会详细告诉我们各种体裁的写作模式及地道的表达方式。各个体裁的种体裁的写作模式及地道的表达方式。各个体裁的模板大家都要背诵几个，这样才能避免在考试过程模板大家都要背诵几个，这样才能避免在考试过程中提笔不知如何下手，也可以使你的作文看起来是中提笔不

46、知如何下手，也可以使你的作文看起来是训练有素的，这样才容易得高分。训练有素的，这样才容易得高分。第28页，共57页。四级作文可能会出现的题目四级作文可能会出现的题目 1 1）考试的命题作文大都是议论文结构，一般来说题目内）考试的命题作文大都是议论文结构，一般来说题目内容应该是考生所熟悉的，能够有话可说的，如那些容应该是考生所熟悉的，能够有话可说的，如那些社会社会热点问题热点问题就是经常出的题目。就是经常出的题目。2 2）但不是所有的热点问题都会成为考试题目。考试题目还）但不是所有的热点问题都会成为考试题目。考试题目还要和考试对象的文化背景，年龄特点相一致，所以有关要和考试对象的文化背景，年龄特

47、点相一致，所以有关大大学生生活，学习学生生活，学习，理想等的题目经常出现。，理想等的题目经常出现。3 3）作文题目会考虑到）作文题目会考虑到考生的语言水平考生的语言水平，也就是说学生要，也就是说学生要求掌握的词汇和结构能否足够表达所考的题目。求掌握的词汇和结构能否足够表达所考的题目。第29页，共57页。第二，熟悉英语文章段落结构特点第二，熟悉英语文章段落结构特点英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩扩展句展句+结尾句结尾句 (1)(1)主题句：主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵

48、魂，在英语文章段落想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。(2)(2)扩展句：扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(for example,for instance,a case in point is(for example,

49、for instance,a case in point is that-)that-)、列数据、列数据(according to the recent(according to the recent study/survey,-)study/survey,-)等。等。第30页，共57页。(3)(3)结尾句：结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少目的陈述一下。在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数，只占一小部分。数，只占一小部分。因此我们通常看到英

50、语的文章段落结构因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构 60%-60%-70%70%都是由主题句都是由主题句+扩展句构成。扩展句构成。第31页，共57页。第三，写作时间的分配第三，写作时间的分配1)1)审题（审题（5 5分钟）分钟）要解决的问题：分清题型确定体裁、揣摩题意紧扣要解决的问题：分清题型确定体裁、揣摩题意紧扣主题、构思写作环环相扣主题、构思写作环环相扣例如：例如：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write