英语句子成分解析课件.ppt

1、句子成分 主语主语 subject 谓语谓语 predicate 宾语宾语 object 表语表语 predicative 宾补宾补 complement 定语定语 attribute 状语状语 adverbial 同位语同位语 appositive1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语动宾动宾介宾介宾 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾

2、语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。leading定语定语 He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our c

3、lass.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)with主语补足语：主语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语：主语补足语主语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。Your

4、 friend comes to school very upset.I want this diary itself to be my friend.P 77句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。单句用连词连接而成。如：如：and,but,or,so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.Sh

5、e likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。五大基本句型五大基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:We come.(不及物动词不及物动词)1.The sun rose.2.Who cares?3.What

6、 he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：(是系动词是系动词)(表语表语)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.He fell in love.4.Everything looks different.5.He is growing tall and strong.6.Our well has gone dry.7.His face turned red.基

7、本句型基本句型 三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)此句型的此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须必须跟有一个宾语跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。(及物动词及物动词)(宾语宾语)1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.He has refusedto help them.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Good morning.”5.Headmitsthat he was mistaken.基本句型基本句型 四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.g

8、ive/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个这两个宾语通常一个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语);一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=give sth to sb(及物及物)(多指人多指人)(多指物多指物)1.She ordered herself a new dress.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.4.I told him that the bus wa

9、s late.5.He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型基本句型 五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是:动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词,形容词形容词,不定式不定式,动名词动名词,分词分词,介词短语等。介词短语等。The

10、 war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词(及物及物)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)1.They painted the door green.3.They found the house deserted.4.He asked me to come

11、 back soon.5.I saw them getting on the bus.常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是 各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。和分词短语）。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满

12、了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。句子的扩展 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an

13、 important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。句子的扩展a.b.c.d.e.1.Pleas tell us a story._2.She smiled._3.His job is to train swimmers._4.He noticed a man enter the room._5.Plea

14、se look at the picture._dabec学案II.翻译以下句子 1.你的故事听起来很有趣。You story sounds very interesting.2.我感到有一点累。I felt a bit tired.3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。My younger sister grew up in the country.4.这家医院创建于1950年。This hospital was set up in 1950.5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.6

15、、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？By the way,has she paid you the money?8、下学期谁教你们生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净 He always keeps his bedroom clean.10、什么促使你这样想的？What made you think so?划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your fri

16、end that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）fri

17、end that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语