英语中日期与时间的用法-PPT课件.ppt

1、数词分基数词和序数词两类。一、数词的分类1.基数 A从110one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB从 1119eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteenC从 2199特殊:twenty，thirty,forty，fifty，eighty 21 twenty-one76 seventy-sixD百位数101 a hundred and one320 three hundred and twenty648 six hundred a

2、nd forty-eightE千位数以上从右向左数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。第一个“，”是 thousand，第二个是million，第三个是 billion。5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-fourF1)基数词表示确切的数字时，不用复数形式.2)表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时,则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the

3、hallThousands and thousands of kids come hereThey went to the theatre in twos and threes.G人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式。He became a professor in his thirtiesShe died of lung cancer in fortiesIt was in the 1960sH基数词的句法功能可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。The two happily opened the box（作主语）They three tried to finish the task（作同

4、位语）2.序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。A第一至第十九特殊:first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth 其他:添加“th”。如 sixth、nineteenthB从第二十至第九十九变y为i，再加“eth”构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九C第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式 on

5、e hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth 6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。E序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。The second is what I really need（作主语）He choos

6、e the second（作宾语）We are to carry out the first plan（作定语）She is the second in our class（作表语）注：通常前面要加定冠词 the；但出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，“又”。Well go over it a second timeWeve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。the first lessonLesson Onethe fifth pagePage 5（five）the twenty-first roo

7、mRoom 21（twenty-one）二、时刻表示法1.几点钟 5:00 读作 five oclock 或 five2.几点过几分 five past seven 七点过五分half past six 六点半a quarter past eight 八点过一刻seven past eight 八点过七分 3.几点差几分 ten to eight 差十分八点a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点twenty to six 差二十分六点也可以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作 six thirty-one10:26 读作 ten twenty-six14:03 读作 fou

8、rteen o three16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen18:30 读作 eighteen thirty23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-fiveanother,other,more修饰数词的用法修饰数词的用法1.another A)another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数 B)表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时，可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词 1Have you finished your report yet？No，I will finish it in 10 minutes Aanother BOther Cmore Dless 2The

9、strike may last another three days罢工可能还要持续三天。3There is room for another few people in the back of the bus公共汽车后面还能坐下几个人。4Ill be here for another few weeks我在这儿还要呆几个礼拜。2.other A)表“另外的”接复数名词，则置于数词之后 B)但与定冠词the连用时，other要放在数词前。1Tony is going camping with _boys next SundayAlittle two other Btwo little othe

10、r Ctwo other little Dlittle other two 2He asked me to fetch three other recorders 再拿三台录音机来。3Do you know where he found the other two photos？另外两张照片 3.more 1more（1）She has got five more electric fans她还有五台电扇。（2）One more step（One step more），and Ill shoot you再走一步，我就开枪打死你。（3）Where shall we be in ten more

11、years？再过十年，我们会在什么地方呢？2more还可与a little，a few，a lot，several等词连用，而且名词也可是不可数名词。如：（1）Id like to buy a few more copies of English Weekly我想再买几份英语周报。（2）There are many more dictionaries on the desk课桌上有许多词典。（3）Would you like some more tea？再喝点茶好吗？4.名词省略 如果前后意思清楚，another或more后面的名词可以省去。如：1I climbed the stairs sl

12、owly，carrying a big suitcase，my father following with two more注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。三、年月表示法1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世纪the 1900s 二十世纪the 1600s 十七世纪2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成in the 1930s（in the thi

13、rties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世纪三十年代in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世纪六十年代3.表示早,中,晚期,年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s in the mid-1950s 4.年月日表示法A年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949nineteen hundred an

14、d forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 eighteen hundred253 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two使用year时放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。B.月份：in May in July。除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan一月

15、FebruaryFeb二月MarchMar.三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注：点不能省略。C日期日期:the加序数词表示National Day is on Oct.1.（读作 October first）也可以National Day is on the 1st of October5.morning，afternoon，evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有定语，in应改为on。On a cold morning，the old man died l

16、onely I dont want to be disturbed on nights It happened on the afternoon of July 7四、加减乘除表示法1.“加加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。2+3=?How much is two plus three?2+3=5 Two plus three is fiveTwo and three is equal to fiveTwo and three make fiveTwo added to three equals fiveIf we add two to/an

17、d three,we get five2.“减减”用 minus或 take from表示106?How much is ten minus six?10-6=4 Ten minus six is fourTake six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four3.“乘乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示3X4?How much is three times four?3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelveMultiply three by four，we get t

18、welveThree multiplied by four makes twelve4.“除除”用divide的过去分词形式表示164=?How much is sixteen divided by four?1644 Sixteen divided by four is fourSixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four五、分数表示法1.基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twen

19、ty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter2.当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）5/6 inch 六分之五英寸2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）4/5

20、 meter 五分之四米六、小数表示法1.小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或oou，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四10.23 ten point two three 十点二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七l.03 one point o three 一点零三2.当数字值大/小于1时，小数后面的名词用复/单数1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九

21、吨l.5 tons 一点五吨七、百分数表示法百分数用基数percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零点percent不用复数形式。八、数量表示法1.A)基数词+单位词（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+形容词（long，wide，high等），B)基数词+单位词+in+名词（length，width，height，weight等three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 fo

22、ur inches in width 4英寸宽This box is 2 kilograms in weightThe city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high2.表示时间、距离时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes walk an hours ride three kilometers distance 3.表示温度温度时，用below zero表示零下.基数词+degree（s）+单位词（centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏）表示。thirty-six degrees cen

23、tigrade或 36 摄氏 36度four degrees below zero centigrade或-4 摄氏零下4度Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit4.名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。a five-minute walk a sixteen-year-old girl5.表示“比大（或）几倍”的说法。This room is two times bigger than that one这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。The dictionary is four times t

24、hicker than that book这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his选择填空。1March is _month of a yearA a three B the third C a third2We will have a meeting at 8:05_Afive to eight Beight five Ceight o five3Eight plus eight is_.Asixteen Bsixty-four Cone4He is an _boyAeight years Beight-year-old Ceight-ye

25、ars-old5We will have a_ walkAten minutes Bten minutes Cten-minutesB the thirdCeight o fiveAsixteenBeight-year-oldBten minutes6The wall is_.Afour meters long Bfour meter long Cfour-meter long7Whats the date today?Its_AMarch the eight BMarch eighthCeight，March8It happened in the 1040sA in the forties

26、of the eleventh centuryB in the forties of the tenth centuryC in the forty9About_ of the earths surface is covered with water.A.three-fours B.three-fourth C.three-fourthsAfour meters longBMarch eighthA in the forties of the eleventh centuryC.three-fourths10.He went down to the village which was _miles away from the city.A.three hundreds B.three hundredC.three hundreds ofB.three hundred