英语听力测试命题原则、方法及应试课件.ppt

1、Testing listeningn听力能力测试n命题原则与方法n听力测试题型n解题思路与应试技巧第1页，共68页。Listening skillsnMacro-skills:-listening for specific information-obtaining gist of what is being said-following directions-following instructionsnMicro-skills:-interpretation of intonation patterns-recognition of function of structures第2页，共6

2、8页。听力能力微技能掌握所听材料的中心思想和重要细节理解所听材料的隐含的意思判断话语的交际功能判断说话人的观点、态度等理解句际间的关系，如比较、原因、结果、程度、目的等从连续的话语中辨别语音理解重音和语调第3页，共68页。中学考听力能力n能听懂基本上没有生词、浅于所学语言知识的英语国家人士录音的英语材料，每分钟90100个词左右，听3遍，理解正确率达到70%。n能听写与课文有关，结构简单、没有生词的材料。语速每分钟为90100个词左右，书写速度为每分钟10个词左右。n能听懂录音材料中的基本内容及重要细节，并据此作出分析、理解、推理和判断，考查考生运用所学的语言知识听音、辨义、理解和反应的能力。

3、第4页，共68页。高考学生听力能力n1）理解主旨要义；n2）获取事实性的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。n3）对所听内容做出简单推断，如话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等，也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。n4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 （教育部考试中心，2005：217-218）。第5页，共68页。听力测试命题原则与方法听力测试命题原则与方法n听力测试命题听力测试命题应遵循原则n听力测试命题听力测试命题题型及命题办法第6页，共68页。听力测试题应遵循的原则听力测试题应遵循的原则 1题型要根据测试目的来确定

4、，主观题型与客观题型相结合。2原文最好是口语材料，要反映交际功能，涉及词汇应是口语涉及的高频词汇。3原文要适合考生的年龄特点和生活实际。4试题的设计要充分考虑卷面上的阅读负担问题，要突出听力理解的考查，尽量减少阅读量。第7页，共68页。5要确保听力题必须通过听作答，通过读题可作答的题没有意义。6选项以3个为宜，力争简洁，这样有助于控制阅读量，也有助于降低命题的难度。7、不设置语法错误的选项，以免混淆考查重点。8、朗读速度以每分钟80100为宜。第8页，共68页。语语 速速 n初级英语水平者提议了120150 WPM的语速要求（刘润清，2000：140）n以英语为母语者讲英语的语速方面的统计显示

5、，150 WPM大约是中等语速者的语速，语速较慢的120 WPM以下，语速较快者超过了200 WPM。第9页，共68页。语 速nGeorge W.Bush在2005年6月11日在白宫发布的每周六向国民的例行广播讲话，其语速为177 WPM,此次广播讲话的主题是Economic security。n2003年12月美国总统布什在萨达姆被捕次日美国总统布什在萨达姆被捕次日发表的讲话的语速仅为发表的讲话的语速仅为125 WPM，这一方面，这一方面可能是考虑到其听众还有其他国家的人而放可能是考虑到其听众还有其他国家的人而放慢了语速，另一方面可能是为了表示强调。慢了语速，另一方面可能是为了表示强调。第1

6、0页，共68页。2005年全国高考英语试卷（全国卷）年全国高考英语试卷（全国卷）听力部分语速统计表听力部分语速统计表 第11页，共68页。Selecting samples of speech 听力测试的选材n听力材料必须是口语材料，因为听时接收的是口头语言。n听力材料难度不要过高。n听力材料的量不要过大。n听力材料的类型要真实多样。n听力材料的内容要有新意。第12页，共68页。听力材料的量不要过大n高考英语听力录音文本词汇总量一般稳定在800词左右。2005年录音文本的总词汇量为765词，n第1至第10段材料的长度依次为：21 words,33 words,30 words,27 words

7、,27 words(以上为第一节，短对话)，71 words,87 words,94 words,161 words,214words(以上为第二节，较长对话或独白)。第13页，共68页。听力材料的类型要真实多样n英语听力测试中所使用的材料一般是准真实（quasi-authentic）材料。所谓真实材料,“是指在现实世界真实交际中所使用的材料”。n准真实材料的特点有：听力材料中常出现语法不规范的句子,句子省略现象，如出现一些句子语法结构不完整的句子等。第14页，共68页。听力材料的内容要有新意n2005年全国卷听力材料的题材涉及购物（价格），维持谈话主题，谈论圣诞礼物（画），抱怨室友半夜噪音打

8、扰，指路，谈论加班，谈论更换工作，谈论调查报告结论（关于人们如何度过业余时间的社会调查），机场候机厅陌生人之间的闲聊，以及谈论如何安排大家庭的定期聚餐交流等10个话题。第15页，共68页。n听音辨音题n听音理解题n听写题 听力测试题型听力测试题型第16页，共68页。Testing methods or items 听力测试方法或题型n利用图画、图形或地图，让学生听到指示后完成一项任务；n让学生听一句话、简单对话、较长对话、演说，用多项选择检查理解；n用填空(gap-filling)或记笔记(note-taking)检查学生听力理解；n用听写(partial dictation)检查学生听力理解

9、。刘：P141,Heaton:P64第17页，共68页。设计情景交际试题应遵循原则1.体现互动性，让学生在作答过程中体验到自己是交谈中的角色。2.对功能意念项目的考查可采用选择式，题干呈现小情境。选编的对话要自然，符合基本的英语表达习惯。3.对话内容应适合学生的年龄特点、生活经历和社会实践。可用小对话，考查正确运用日常交际用语的能力。4.针对话题对话可采用开放性的填空形式，为自主交流创造机会与空间。第18页，共68页。听音辨音题 n该题型的特点是先给出一个（或一句）的语音信号，要求考生在听懂其意思的基础上迅速地对所提供的语音信号作出积极的反应，从题目所给的4个备选项中找出所听到的音。n听音辨音

10、题从其考查的辨音内容来看，又分为字母、音素、音组、单词和短语的辨音判断题。第19页，共68页。听句子选词语。听句子选词语。题型一：听句子，选出你在句中听到的单词或短语题型一：听句子，选出你在句中听到的单词或短语【例1】原文：There is a dog under the table.书面选项：A.on B.under C.over【例2】原文：My brother is going abroad for further study next year.书面选项：A.further study B.favorite story C.nice start 第20页，共68页。听音理解题 n该题型

11、的特点是先让考生听一句子（一组对话或一篇短文），在试卷上附有若干根据所听内容设计的检查听力理解程度的测试题，要求考生在听音理解的基础上，迅速正确地完成判断和选择。n不仅考查听音理解能力，而且还侧重于考查记忆能力和逻辑思维能力。n听音理解题又分为单句理解题、对话理解题和短文理解题。第21页，共68页。单句理解题 n该题型的特点是要求考生在听完一个句子的录音后，从书面的若干个备选项中，找出所听到的句子或与原句意思相近的句子，或是找出原句子的相应答语或是找出与原句子意思相符的图画。第22页，共68页。选出你所听到的句子选出你所听到的句子【例】原文：Both Tom and Jim want to g

12、o to Hawaii for a holiday.书面选项：A.Both Tom and Jim would go to Hawaii for a holiday.B.Both Tom and Jim wont go to Hawaii for a holiday.C.Both Tom and Jim want to go to Hawaii for a holiday.第23页，共68页。听句子，选择意思相同或相近的一项听句子，选择意思相同或相近的一项【例】原文：I prefer pop music to classical music.书面选项：A.I like classical mu

13、sic better.B.I like pop music better than classical music.C.Id like to listen to all kinds of music.第24页，共68页。听句子或句组选图画听句子或句组选图画【例】原文：Bill likes ball games.Look!He is playing football with his classmates.书面选项：图A 踢足球 图B 打篮球 图C 打排球第25页，共68页。听句子做应答听句子做应答【例1】原文：Would you like to go out with us to have a

14、 cup of coffee now?书面选项：A.Id love to,but Im not free now.B.Yes,please,and well have a good time.C.No,its not a good idea,for I like tea.【例2】原文：Im sorry I have broken your cup.书面选项：A.No problem.B.Never mind.C.My pleasure.第26页，共68页。对话理解题对话理解题n该题型的特点是先让考生听一组对话，在听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从

15、书面四个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答案。有的对话理解题要求考生根据对话的内容判断所给句子的正误或选择与对话意思相近的句子。第27页，共68页。对话理解题对话理解题n第一类是根据所听到的对话内容选择正确的答案。n第二类是根据所听到的对话内容判断句子的正误。n第三类是选择与对话意思相近的句子。第28页，共68页。对话理解题对话理解题 听短对话听短对话1 1、听短对话选择正确答案听短对话选择正确答案2 2、听短对话回答问题、听短对话回答问题3 3、听短对话及问题选择正确答案、听短对话及问题选择正确答案4 4、听短对话及问题选择正确图画、听短对话及问题选择正确图画第29页，共68页。【例】【例

16、】原文：W:(Excuse me,sir.)Where is the nearest bookshop,please?M:Sorry,I dont know.(ErI think you can ask the policeman over there.)W:Thank you all the same.(添加括号中的语句更好些,在实际生活交谈时,经常使用零碎语,如er,mm,hm,ah,well等)Q:Where does the woman want to go?书面选项：（选择式）(文字)A.The book shop.B.The food shop.C.The bus shop.(图片

17、)A B C (非选择式）_.(The nearest bookshop)第30页，共68页。听长对话听长对话1、听对话选择正确答案、听对话选择正确答案（问题在试卷上）2、听对话及问题选择正确答案、听对话及问题选择正确答案（问题在录音中）第31页，共68页。【例】原文：W：Are you going to the cinema tonight?I hear there is an American film.M：Id like to.I happen to be free this evening.Whats the film about？W：Its about“How black peopl

18、e were brought to America from Africa”I remember the name now.Its“Roots”.M：Oh！Its a world famous story written by William Hadley.Ive heard about it,but Ive never read it.W：My mother has bought two tickets already.Lets go togetherM：Thank you,then when shall we meet？W：The film starts at six forty-five

19、.I11 wait for you at No.3 bus stop at six oclock.Dont be late.M：OK.See you laterW：See you later.Questions:1.What wiIl the boy and the girl do this evening？2.When wiIl they meet at the bus stop？3.Who bought the tickets？书面选项:1.A.See a film.(比They will see a film.更简洁)B.Go for a walk.C.Read a book.2.A.A

20、t 6:45.B:At 6:00.(原文信息词At six.用阿拉伯数字体现信息转换)C.At 6:30.3.A.The boy.B.The girl.C.The girls mother.第32页，共68页。听对话连线听对话连线【例】【例】原文原文:Ms Liu:What are you doing in Beijing,Tim?Tim:Im studying Chinese at Beijing University.Ms Liu:Thats a good university.Do you think its hard?Tim:A little.I have homework every

21、 day,and there are so many tests!Ms Liu:Well,keep studying,and youll get on well with your studies.Tim:Im sure I will.Ms Liu:By the way,are you parents with you here?Tim:No,Im alone here.What do you do for a living,Ms Liu?Ms Liu:I work in a bank.Tim:That sounds interesting.Ms Liu:Sometimes it is,but

22、 its also hard work.Were always very busy.Tim:I know how you feel.So,do you take long vacations?Ms Liu:Not really.The bank needs us to work all year.Of course,we can take vacations,but only for a few days or a week.第33页，共68页。书面题目：书面题目：1.Tim A.is working at Beijing University.2.Ms Liu B.isnt in Beiji

23、ng.3.Tims father C.works in a bank.4.Tim has D.is a student of Beijing University.E.only a little work to do.F.lots of homework and many tests.Key：1-4 D C B F第34页，共68页。听对话或短文在表格或图表中填入正确的信息听对话或短文在表格或图表中填入正确的信息原文：A:Hello,whos that speaking?B:Hello,this is Mike.May I speak to Mary,please?A:Im sorry she

24、 is not in.she went to the shop just now.B:I m sorry to hear that.A:This is Jack speaking.Can I take a message for you?B:Yes,please.When she comes back,tell her to ring back at about 5:30 this afternoon.Im waiting for her call.I have bought two tickets for the film this evening.Please tell her not t

25、o buy any more.A:What is your telephone number,please?B:My number is 5878320.Thank you for your help.A:You are welcome.Bye!B:Goodbye!第35页，共68页。试题：TELEPHONE MESSAGEFrom:(1)_ To:_Date:March 23 Time:10:30Message:(3)_(4)_ to him at about(5)_ in the(6)_.Dont buy any more(7)_.His phone number is(8)_.Key:1

26、.Mike 2.Mary 3.Ring 4.back 5.5:30 6.afternoon 7.tickets 8.5878320第36页，共68页。短文理解题 n该题型的特点是根据短文内容给出若干个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，对每一道试题都提供4个备选项，要求考生在正确理解听音内容的基础上，从4个备选项中选出一个正确的答案；有的短文理解题是联系短文内容给出若干个句子，要求考生根据所听到的短文内容，判断所给句子的意思是否正确；有的根据短文的内容给出若干个留有空格的句子、短文或表格，要求考生听音后在空格上填上适当的词，以补全句子、短文或填满表格，使句子、短文或者表格所表达的意思与

27、原听音内容一致。第37页，共68页。短文理解题n第一类是听短文选择正确的答案。n第二类是听短文后判断所给句子的正误。n第三类是短文理解填空题。这类试题不同于听写题，它所填的不是听音的原文，所要填写的内容要以短文提供的相关信息为依据。第38页，共68页。（一）（一）听短文选择正确答案听短文选择正确答案 （二）（二）听短文回答问题听短文回答问题（三）（三）听短文判断正误听短文判断正误 （四）（四）听短文完成句子听短文完成句子（五）（五）听短文填写所缺的单词（听写，听短文填写所缺的单词（听写，很少使用）很少使用）（六）六）听短文在表格或图表中填入正确听短文在表格或图表中填入正确的信息的信息第39页，

28、共68页。【例】原文：原文：My name is Li Hua.Im 25 years old.I live at 128 Qingbin Road,Nangang District in Harbin.My telephone number is 86308321.I like listening to music and reading in my free time.Im free on Saturdays and Sundays.I graduated from Heilongjiang University.Im very good at English.Id like to be

29、an English teacher in a middle school.Im sure that I can teach English well.试题：试题：APPLICATION FORM(申请表)Job:(1)_Name:Li HuaAge:(2)_Address:(3)_ Qingbin Road,Nangang District in HarbinTelephone:(4)_Interests:(5)_ and reading Key:1.Teacher 2.25/Twenty-five 3.128 4.86308321 5.Music 第40页，共68页。听写题 n该题型的特点

30、是要求考生根据所听到的句子、对话或短文的内容，在空白处填入适当的词，用英语把所听到的内容准确而完整地表达出来。有的听写题要求考生听写一个完整的句子（对话和短文）。n这类试题考查考生听力理解和书面表达的能力，较好地反映应试者听音辨音、听音理解及书写的技能。听写题又分为听写填空题和听写句子（对话、短文）题。第41页，共68页。听写填空题 n该题型的特点是采取填空的形式来完成听写内容，即类似于完形填空题，它由语音信号来提供填空的单词和短语的信息。这类试题相对来说比听写全文难度要低。它是在书面给出的句子、对话和短文中拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生在听音理解的基础上，根据听音内容在每个空格中填上一

31、个词，使句子、对话和短文完整。第42页，共68页。听写句子题 n该题型的特点是要求考生听写完整的句子（对话、短文）。即在不提供任何书面提示下，要求写出所听到的全部内容。这类试题只有听懂了才会写得正确。由于句子是由词语按语法规则构成的，用以表示一个完整意思的语言单位，所以听写句子（对话、短文）也考查了有关词义、词的搭配、语序、句子结构等方面的知识，对考生来说属于难度较大的题型。第43页，共68页。情景交际题型及命题办法（一）选择式（一）选择式【例1】选择适当的语句完成小对话Ive passed the exam._A.Congratulations!B.Bad luck!C.Thank you

32、for telling me D.Its nothing.（考查项目：祝贺用语）第44页，共68页。【例2】选择正确的应答1.Oh,no.You neednt write it again.Its good composition except for the spelling mistakes.2.Take the medicine,and youll be all right in one or two weeks.3.Are you all right?Its so late.We were worrying all the time.4.I wonder if I could trou

33、ble you a few minutes,Mr Simpson.5.Id like to set my watch.It stopped again.Whats the date?6.It seems to me popular music is terrible.The singers all act strangely.They shout instead of singing.7.Slow down,Bret.I see a police car behind us.8.Would you like me to check on the computer to see if its b

34、een taken out?9.Well meet at 6:30 in the restaurant.Will that be fine with you?10.Oh,come on.Look on the bright side.You can have a good rest for a few days and find a better job.第45页，共68页。A.Im sorry.Im quite all right,but my car isnt.B.Certainly.What is it?C.Yes,itll be OK with me.D.I will do bette

35、r next time.E.Im afraid I cant agree with you.F.Yes,please do.G.Its June 19.H.I hope so.I.My goodness!J.I wish I could be all right tomorrow.第46页，共68页。【例3】七选五A:I decide to improve my English from now on.B:Oh,really?(1)_A:The best time to read English is morning.So I want to read English for an hour

36、in the early morning.B:(2)_A:And I want to learn English on TV.B:(3)_A:I want to do more exercises and keep a diary in English every day.B:(4)_A:Yes.(5)_B:Great!But you see,you spend so much time learning English every day.Then what are you going to do with the other subjects？A:Ive no idea.A.Why do

37、you plan to do so?B.How do you like my plan?C.Is that all?D.What are you going to do?E.Oh,thats a very good idea.F.Do you need any help?G.Anything else?Key：15 DEGCB第47页，共68页。【例4】完形填空A:Oh,dear.I cant fix this seat-belt.B:(1)_A:Oh,thank you.B:Its very easy,like this(2)_ A:Oh,no.I flew from New York to

38、 Paris once,but it was a long time ago.B:I see.(3)_A:Yes.Im going to see my little grandson.B:Oh,thats nice.A:Yes,my daughter lives in Australia and I live in New York,so I dont see her very often.She married an Australian,you know.B:Thats nice.And(4)_ A:Hes only four months old.Im so excited.B:Im s

39、ure you are.I love children,and I have a daughter myself.Shes two years old.A:How lovely!And do you live in Sydney?B:No,I live in Ireland,but I go to Australia twice a year on business.A:Oh,dear!Whats that noise?B:Dont worry.(5)_A:I see.第48页，共68页。1.A.Whats wrong?B.Can I help you?C.Who can fix the se

40、at-belt?D.Its broken.Let me help mend it.2.A.Is this your first flight?B.How often do you fly to Australia?C.Now,can you fix it?D.Have you ever been to Australia?3.A.Are you going to see your grandson?B.Are you going to stay in Sydney?C.Where are you going?D.Are you going to stay in New York?4.A.Wha

41、ts your grandsons name?B.How is your grandson?C.How old is your grandson?D.Is your grandson four months?5.A.Were in Australia now.B.I have fixed the seat-belt for you.C.The plane will land D.Were going to take off.Key：15 BABCD第49页，共68页。（二）填空式【例【例1】用词填空】用词填空 Ann:Hello.Is Tina there?Tina:Hello,Ann.(1)

42、is Tina.Ann:Could I borrow your CD player tomorrow,please?Tina:Sorry.Its not a very good(2).Could you speak more loudly,please?Ann:Sure.I said,could I borrow your CD player,please?Mine is(3).Tina:Of course.(4)4 do you want it?Ann:Tomorrow if possible.Tina:OK.Ill(5)it to school in the morning.Ann:Tha

43、nks!Bye.(Key:1.This 2.line3.broken 4.when 5.bring)第50页，共68页。【例【例2】用词语或句子填空（词数不限）】用词语或句子填空（词数不限）A:Something terrible happened to me this morning.B:-What _(1)?A:I got a ticket from a policeman.B:Were _(2)?A:No.-The police gave me a ticket for littering.B:Oh,Ive warned(警告警告)you about that.Ive seen you

44、littering a few times before.I thought _(3).A:All I was doing was drinking a bottle of Coke.B:-And _(4)?A:WellI threw it on the ground.B:-Im afraid _(5).So youll have to.A:ErIll have to pay for it.B:How much is it?A:Its 50 yuan.A lot of money for not throwing my empty bottle in the garbage(垃圾垃圾)box.

45、B:Yes,but that will teach you not to litter any more.第51页，共68页。Key：1.happened/is that 2.you driving too fast 3.I thought youd get caught sometime.(or:I thought you would be punished sometime.)4.And what did you do with the empty can?(or:And where did you put the empty can?)5.Im afraid youve done wro

46、ng.(or:Im afraid you have made a mistake.Im afraid you are wrong.)第52页，共68页。【例【例3】用句子填空】用句子填空(Mrs White-W,Bill-B)W:Hello,82016496.B:Hello.(1)_?W:Sorry.(2)_.Can I take a message?B:Yes.This is Bill,Mikes friend.I want to ask him for some Chinese stamps.He told me he had got some recently.I just want t

47、o add some Chinese stamps to my collection.W:OK,Ill tell him.(3)_?B:Well,I wont be home later today.Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning?W:Sure.Has he got your telephone number?B:Oh,sorry.(4)_.The new number is 86733558.W:OK.Ill leave a message on his desk.B:(1)_.Thank you very much.

48、Bye.W:Bye.第53页，共68页。Key:1.May/Can/Could I speak to Mike,please?2.He isnt in at the moment./He is out at the moment.3.Would you like him to ring you back later?/Could you tell him to ring you back later?4.My number has been changed.5.Its really nice of you.第54页，共68页。听力解题思路与技巧听力能力测试有心理、瞬时、信息三个方面的效应，决定

49、听力能力高低的关键在于能否尽快理解所听材料的内在联系，领会其大意，抓住其重点。考前：适应环境，安定情绪，集中精力 心理上做好充分的准备听前：略读题目，找出关键，预测内容听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，优化作答 听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，修正答案第55页，共68页。听音辨音题解题思路与技巧 n提前默读、去同留异、猜测考点。利用放音间隔和各小题的短暂停顿，提前默读各备选项的单词或词组，找出它们之间读音的差异，去同留异，猜测辨音的重点，做到心中有数，听音时才有针对性。n静心倾听、把握句子、识别音义。要稳定情绪，集中注意力，静心倾听播放的录音，在听懂句子意思的基础上，从发音和词义的不同上来识别单词或词组。n

50、快速反应、瞬间鉴别、检查验证。听音理解后应快速作出反应，根据所听到的语音信号，瞬时进行鉴别，确定选项，并从句子含义的角度进行检查验证，保证选项的意思与原句子吻合。第56页，共68页。注意事项n 听音前要迅速浏览并默读各备选项，找出4个备选项读音异同点，从而判断考题意图，确定辨音的主攻方向，才能有的放矢地捕捉到辨音的关键，提高准确率。n听音时要注意听清句子的意思，只有真正听懂句子的含义，才能从单词和短语的意思上进一步进行辨别。n 听音辨音题首先必须要听清录音的发音，否则就无法进行辨音。如果考生自已发音不正确，单词读不准，再加上不能熟练掌握字母及字母组合的读音规则，就很难在听音时准确地辨别相近的、