英美国家概况Australia澳大利亚课件.ppt

1、AustraliaNation-building from a Convict SettlementvThe introduction of Australia historyvEvents and people that made a nationAustralia historyvThe early pre-colonial period vThe colonial period before FederationvModern times after FederationThe earliest residents vAboriginesvAround 50,000 to 60,000

2、years agovBefore the arrival of the white settlers in 1788DidgeridooThe colonial period before FederationvEuropean discovery of AustraliavAustralia as the convict settlement/penal colonyEuropean discovery of Australia v1770 Captain James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia(New South Wales

3、)vThe first discovery of Australia by Dutch explorers was in 1606,but they didnt realize it.v1642 Dutch navigator Abel Tasman sighted the Tasmania and named it Van Diemans landv1688 William Dampier was the first English navigator to see Australia(northwest coast)Captain James CookvA national hero in

4、 Australia vthe greatest British explorer and navigator vContribution to the European knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere and providing important information for the First Fleet that was going to set up overseas colony for Britain in 1788v1755 Royal Navyv1768 an expedition to the south pacific with

5、 a secret purpose to find the southern continent v1770 discovered the eastern coast of Australia(New South Wales)and soon claimed the entire continent for the BritainAustralia as the convict settlementTime:began in1788Background:the independence of the 13 American colonies in 1776 meant Britain had

6、lost its overseas prison in North America.Reason:to alleviate pressure on the overburdened prisons and reduce the crime rate in BritainEvent:the First FleetThe First FleetAdmiral Arthur Phillip:the Governor of the colony On January 18,1788,the Fleet arrived at Botany Bay(not suitable for settlement;

7、infertile;shortage of water;unfriendly Aborigines)On January 26,1788,entered Port Jackson and chose the site Sydney Cove as the first British settlement in Australia.(thats why January 26 is celebrated as Australia Day)On May 13,1787,the First Fleet of 11 ships sailed from Britain to Australia.Admir

8、al Arthur Phillipvthe founding father of AustraliaReasons:vfounded the first British settlement in Australia at a site in Port Jackson(Sydney Harbor)vset up civil administration with courts of law instead of establishing the colony as a military prison.vWhen he left New South Wales in 1792,the colon

9、y was well-established.Sydney HarborBritish settlementvFrom 1788 to 1888,seven colonies were set up under the British rule,and the economies of the colonies developed well.vGold rush(1851)vIn 1868,transportation of convicts to Australia ended and free migrants from Britain began settling down.The Go

10、ld Rush The discovery of gold in Australia began in 1851 and occurred in the aftermath of a worldwide economic depression marked a turning point in Australias colonial history transformed Australia economically,politically,and demographically caused more and more free settlers coming and a rise of t

11、he anti-transportation movement saw outbursts of racist violence against the Chinese gold miners The federation of AustraliavOn January 1,1901,the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australiav1931 an independent nation of the British Commonwealthv19141918,world war I v19391945,world war IIvAfter w

12、orld war,a large amount of immigrants went to Australia and contributed to the development of AustraliaThe federation of AustraliaGold rushThe First FleetCaptain James CookstimulateThe beginning of the British settlement in AustraliaProvide information for First FleetModern times after federationvrapid economic development:the embracement of multiculturalism and Asian economic boomvChallenges:race relation(refuse to endorse the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;indigenous people have a living standard much lower than the other Australians)global warming terrorismThank you