英语冠词和代词-PPT课件.ppt

1、KING冠词冠词不使用冠词不使用冠词定冠词定冠词不定冠词不定冠词aanthe零冠词零冠词不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 an用在以用在以元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前1.2.3.4.e.g._book _ egg _ useful book _ underground roomaanaan基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类e.g.She is a girl.她是女孩她是女孩 This is a desk.这是一张书桌这是一张书桌泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物

2、e.g.I can see a kite.A boy is in Grade 1.表示表示“数量数量”，“有一有一”“”“每一每一”的意思的意思e.g.We have six classes a day.定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 基本用法：基本用法：“特指特指”特指某（些）人或者某特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别1.2.3.4.e.g.The book on the desk is Jims.书桌上的那本书是吉姆的书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there.椅子在那里椅子在那里指谈话指谈话双方都知道双方都知道

3、的人或事物的人或事物e.g.Where is the kite?风筝在哪儿风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝）？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝）Open the door,please.请把门打开请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门）（双方都知道要打开哪扇门）在叙述中，在叙述中，上文提到上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时过的人或者事物，再次出现时e.g.：I can see a kite.我看见一只风筝我看见一只风筝 ：where is the kite?这个风筝在那里？这个风筝在那里？用在用在姓氏的复数名词前姓氏的复数名词前，表示，表示“一家人一家人”e.g.the Blacks 布来克一家布

4、来克一家定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 用在宇宙间用在宇宙间独一无二独一无二的天体名词之前的天体名词之前5.6.7.8.e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth用在用在序数词和形容词最高级序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词，及形容词only,very,same 前前e.g.I live on the second floor.我住在二楼我住在二楼Skating is the best sport in winter.滑冰是冬天最好的运动滑冰是冬天最好的运动用在用在某些建筑物和旅馆某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前的名称之前The Palace Museum The Summe

5、r Palace用在表示用在表示乐器乐器的名词之前的名词之前e.g.the violin the piano定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 用在一些习惯用语中用在一些习惯用语中9.e.g.in the day in the morning/afternoon/evening the day before tomorrow/yesterday the next morning/week/month/year in the sky/water/field/country in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle(of)in the end

6、 on the whole by the way go to the theatre(cinema)零冠词的用法零冠词的用法名词前有了名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时所有格时。1.2.3.4.e.g.Our books those apples Jims pen附复数名词在表示附复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时一类人或者事物时。e.g.They are teachers.他们是老师。他们是老师。在专有名词前在专有名词前e.g.China England在在星期、月份、节日前星期、月份、节日前e.g.on Sunday in August on C

7、hildrens Day 不使用冠词的情况不使用冠词的情况零冠词的用法零冠词的用法在在球类运动前及三餐名词球类运动前及三餐名词前。前。5.6.e.g.play football/basketball have supper在一些固定搭配中在一些固定搭配中e.g.at night go to school at table by bike at work go to bed at school at home watch TV不使用冠词的情况不使用冠词的情况四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别 be in charge of 负责负责 be in the charge of

8、由由负责；在负责；在掌管之下掌管之下 by day 在白天在白天 by the day 按日计算按日计算 It is out of question.那是毫无疑问的。那是毫无疑问的。It is out of the question.那是根本不可能的。那是根本不可能的。three of us 我们中的三个人我们中的三个人 the three of us 我们三个人我们三个人 take place 发生发生 take the place of 代替代替五、冠词的位置五、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例词，

9、冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例外：外：1.冠词放在冠词放在quite，many，such，what等词之后。等词之后。quite an interesting story2.so/as/too/how形容词形容词a/an单数名词。单数名词。Its too difficult a problem.3.rather可位于冠词前或后。可位于冠词前或后。a rather cold dayrather a cold day 4.half 可位于冠词之前，也可位于冠词之后。可位于冠词之前，也可位于冠词之后。half an houra half hour 5.all，both放在放在the之前。之前。a

10、ll the books；both the boys一、单项选择题一、单项选择题1、_ book on the desk is _ useful one.A.The;an B.A;a C.The;a、_ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A.An;a B.An;/C.The;a、What can you see by the lake?I can see _ old man sitting on the chair.A.a B.an C.the、Have you had_ lunch yet?A.a B./C.The、There is _“

11、f”in the word“wife”.A.anB.a C.The、He is _ best one in our school.A.a B.anC.TheCABBCC7、My brother can play _ football well and he can also play _ piano well.A.the;B.;the C.the;the 8、lets go and have _ walk around _ school.A.a;the B./;/C.the;a 9、_ boy has broken the window.A.A B.The C.both A and B10、Y

12、ou may ask _ old man listening to _ radio under_ tree for_ advice about it.A.an;the;the;/B.the;/;the;/C.The;the;the;/11、They work in _ same shop.They are paid by _ day.A.the;the B.a;a C.the;/12、what is _ plane?_ machine that can fly.A.the;the B.a;theC.a;A BACCCC13、It gave me _ great surprise that he

13、 had cooked such_ nice food.A.a;a B.a;/C.the;the 14、Its _ pity to be listened to by nobody.A.a B.an C.the15、Failure is _ mother of success.A.the B.a C./16、_ number of _ students is more than 1,200.A.The;the B.A;the C.A;a17、Ships send _ messages to each other by _ radio.A.the;the B./;a C./;/18、_ oran

14、ge is _ orange.A.The;a B.An;/C.A;an AAAACB19、There is _ apple and _ piece of bread on the plate.A.a;a B.an;a C.an;the 20、We dont know she is _ honest girl.A.a B.an C.the21、Do you want to be _ artist when you grow up?A.the B.a C.an22、A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second.A./B.a C.the2

15、3、Betty is from Beijing.It is _ old city and _ capital of our country.A.the;the B.an;a C.an;the24、My daughter said the man had hit her on _ face.A.a B./C.the BBCBCC25、That is _ map of _ world.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;the 26、Lesson Four is _ difficult lesson,but it isnt _ most difficult one in Book 2.A.a;th

16、e B.an;theC.The;a27、Mr.Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed.A.the B.a C./28、Whats that over there?Its _ boat.A.the B.an C.a29、Mike is _ American boy.He studies in _ unniversity in Guangdong.A.a;an B.an;a C.an;the30、Have you got _ e mail address?A.a B.an C./CACCBB1.Could you t

17、ell me the way to _ Johnsons，please?Sorry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A.the；the B.the；a C.不填；不填；the D.the；不填；不填 解析：解析：the Johnsons 指指Johnson一家的房子、诊所等；第二一家的房子、诊所等；第二空填空填a为泛指，为泛指，“一个叫一个叫Johnson的人的人”。答案：答案：B2.I wanted to catch _ early train，but couldnt get _ ride to the station.A.an；the

18、B./；the C.an；/D.the；a 解析：解析：the early train，早班车；，早班车；get a ride to.，搭车去，搭车去(某地某地)。答案：。答案：D3._ walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ packed lunch.A.A；a B.The；不填；不填 C.The；a D.A；不填；不填 解析：解析：the walk指大家都知道的活动；指大家都知道的活动；a packed lunch，指，指(外带外带)一顿午餐。一顿午餐。答案：答案：C4.I like _ color of your skirt.It is _

19、 good match for your blouse.A.a；the B.a；a C.the；a D.the；the 解析：解析：the color of your skirt，特指你的衬衫的颜色；，特指你的衬衫的颜色；a good match for表示和表示和很搭配。答案：很搭配。答案：C 5.For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.A.a；a B.the；a C.the；the D.a；the 解析：解析：the stage 意为意为“舞台舞台”，而固定搭配，而固定搭配a means of 则为则为 “的方式的方式”(此处此

20、处means单复数同形单复数同形)。答案：。答案：B6.According to _ review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _ heart disease by 76%.A.a；the B.the；a C.a；/D./；a 解析：由句意解析：由句意“根据由根据由44人组成的调查中人组成的调查中”可知，此处可知，此处 review表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠词。答案：表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠词。答案：C7.Everyw

21、here man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops，or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material.A.the；the B.the；/C./；the D./；/解析：复数名词解析：复数名词forests表泛指；下句中的表泛指；下句中的wood是是forests中中 的，故为特指。答案：的，故为特指。答案：C8.I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _

22、computer.A.the；不填；不填 B.the；a C.a；不填；不填 D.a；a 解析：表特指要加定冠词；不定冠词可放在单数名词前，泛解析：表特指要加定冠词；不定冠词可放在单数名词前，泛指一类人或物。答案：指一类人或物。答案：B9.This book tells _ life story of John Smith，who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the；the B.a；the C.the；不填；不填 D.a；不填；不填 解析：解析：lifelife后有介词短语作定语特指，故前加后有介词短语

23、作定语特指，故前加thethe；leave leave school school意为意为“辍学辍学”答案：答案：C10.Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?If you made _ most of the equipment，there would be _ rise in production.A./；/B.the；a C.the；the D.the；/解析：解析：make the most of make the most of 指指“善加利用善加利用”；riserise

24、作名词，作名词，泛指泛指“提升、升高提升、升高”时前无冠词，但当时前无冠词，但当“提升之人提升之人(物物)”)”时，时，前则加不定冠词。前则加不定冠词。答案：答案：B11.The salesman said that _ thief was a young man with _ brown hair.A.the；a B.the；不填；不填 C.a；不填；不填 D.a；a 解析：此处解析：此处the thief为说话双方能领会的；为说话双方能领会的；hair不可数名词不可数名词前一般无冠词。前一般无冠词。答案：答案：B12.The shop needs more childrens toys i

25、n _ store，for the Childrens Day is just around _ corner.A.the；/B./；the C.a；the D.the；the解析：解析：in store意为意为“贮藏着、准备着贮藏着、准备着”；around the corne意为意为“在拐角处在拐角处”；“即将来临即将来临”。答案：。答案：B13.Will _ sofa do?Sure.But if you havent，_ chair is OK.A.the；a B.a；the C.a；a D./；/解析：考查冠词。此处的解析：考查冠词。此处的sofa 和和chair都是泛指一类物品中都是

26、泛指一类物品中的任何一件，所以都用不定冠词。此题易误选的任何一件，所以都用不定冠词。此题易误选A和和B。答案：。答案：C14.Tom couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A.a；/B./；the C./；a D.the；/解析：根据句意，解析：根据句意，a Sunday表表“一个星期天一个星期天”；(be)at church意为意为“做礼拜做礼拜”。答案：。答案：A15.The party last night was

27、 _ great success.We sang and danced until it came to _ end at 12 00.A.a；an B.a；the C.the；an D./；the 解析：解析：success指指“成功的人成功的人(事事)”时为可数名词，前可时为可数名词，前可加不定冠词；加不定冠词；come to an end 表示表示“结束结束”。答案：答案：A代代 词词语法聚焦与练习语法聚焦与练习（）1If the question _ incorrectly,_ question will be given to you Ais answered,other Bansw

28、ers,other Cis answered,another Danswers,another【解析】【解析】首先由语态可以排除首先由语态可以排除,项。主要区别项。主要区别other和和another的用法。的用法。another是指另一个的意思，后面接是指另一个的意思，后面接单数，而单数，而other是指其它的，一般接复数，准确答案是是指其它的，一般接复数，准确答案是。（）2Which would you like to drink,coffee or orange juice?Please give me a cup of tea ANeither BBoth CA11 DNone【解析根

29、据回答，知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所【解析根据回答，知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所以应该选择以应该选择 Neither，表示两者中的任何一个都不。而，表示两者中的任何一个都不。而None用在三个以上的事物上。用在三个以上的事物上。C A（）3An old friend of my sisters always helps my brother and with English AI;our Bme;ourselves CI;my Dme;us（）4His MP3 is the same as ,but it is more expensive Ahim Bmine CmyDher（）5A

30、re the keys over there _?-No,Go and ask AnnaThey may belong to her Ayou Byour Cyours DYourself（）6Im leaving for the examByebye,MumWell,make sure youve got _ready Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing DBCC（）7Sam looks like his DadThey are _tall Aeither Bany Call Dboth（）8Is this the Greens house?N

31、o._ is over there AHis BTheir CTheirs DThem（）9Where is my pen?Have you seen _?Oh,sorryI have taken _ by mistake Ait,yours Bthem,his Cit,mine Dthem,hers（）10Is this kite _,Tom?Yes,its mineIts made by _ Ayours,myself Bmine,myself Cours,himself Dyour,myselfDCAA数数单数单数复数复数人称人称第第一一人人称称第二第二人称人称第三人称第三人称第一第一人

32、称人称第二第二人称人称第三第三人称人称主格主格I you heshe itweyouthey宾格宾格 me youhim heritusyour them汉语汉语我我你你他他她她它它 我们我们 你们你们他他们们一、人称代词一、人称代词 2人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：语，宾格作宾语。如：like table tennis（作主语）（作主语）Do you know?（作宾语）（作宾语）3人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：Who is knocking at the door?Its 4

33、人称代词在人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：如：He is older than He is older than amIIhimmemeWho is the boy over there?-_ is my brother.A.He B.His C.Him D.Himself2.Do you know about David?-Yes,I know _ very well.A.he B.himself C.him D.his3.Last Sunday everybody went to the cinema

34、 except _.A.I and Tom B.Tom and me C.Tom and I D.me and TomA AC CB B二、物主代词二、物主代词形容形容词性词性物主物主代词代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词名词性物性物主代主代词词mine yourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语汉语我的我的你的你的他他的的她的她的 它的它的我我们的们的你你们的们的他（她、他（她、它）们它）们的的1 1表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所形容词性物主代词和名词

35、性物主代词，如下表所示。示。2形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。在句中作定语。Eg:teacher is coming to see us This is pencilbox 3名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and is there作主语作主语 Is this English book?（作表语）（作表语）NoMine is in my bag Ive already finished my homework

36、Have you finished?（作宾语）（作宾语）Ourhertheirsyoursyours-My pen is lost.-Dont worry about it.You can use _.A.my B.mine C.me D.myself2.Sonia,is this your dictionary?-Oh,no,its not _.Ask Li Lei,he is looking for _.A.me,hers B.mine,him C.my,her D.mine,his3._ school is bigger than _.A.Our,their B.Ours,theirs

37、C.Theirs,our D.Their,oursB BD DD D三三 反身代词的用法反身代词的用法【说明】反身代词的惯用语：【说明】反身代词的惯用语：by oneself独自独自 for oneself为自己，亲自为自己，亲自 of oneself自动地，自发地自动地，自发地 help oneself to随便吃随便吃，自行取用，自行取用come to oneself苏醒苏醒 make oneself at home不要客气不要客气1.Mr.Wu put some fruit on the table and asked me to help _.A.myself B.herself C.

38、himself D.yourself 2.Dont leave Mary by _.She is only two years old.A.her B.she C.hers D.herself3.She cant mend her bike _.A.herself B.her C.hers D.she4.When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister,he bought a leather coat for her and another for _.A.him B.himself C.he D.hisA AD DB BA A四、指示代词四、指示代词 指

39、示代词包括指示代词包括：this，that，these，those.1this和和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，或人，that和和those则指则指 时间和空间上较远的事物或人，时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：例如：We are busy days In days the workers had a hard time This is a pen and is a pencil 2有时有时that和和those指前面讲到过的事物，指前面讲到过的事物，this 和和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：T

40、he only thing you can change is yourself,and sometimes that changes everything.What I want to say is ;pronunciation is very important in learning Englishthese those thatthis 3有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或或those代替，例如：代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Sh

41、anghai 4this 在电话用语中代表自己，在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代则代表对方。例如：表对方。例如：Hello!This is MaryIs that Jack speaking?The life in Japan is different from _ in America.A.one B.that C.it D.those2.Who is that speaking?-_ A.I am Ann.B.Its Ann.C.That is Ann.3.As a matter of fact,Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to

42、 _.A.Kuweit B.that of Kuweit C.Kuweitss D.those of KuweitB BB BD D四、相互代词四、相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和和one another两种形式。在当代英语中，两种形式。在当代英语中，each other和和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each othe

43、r/one another.作宾语作宾语 Do you often write to each other/one another?作宾语作宾语 We often borrow each others/one anothers books（作定语）（作定语）The students corrected each others/one anothers mistakes in their homework（作定语）（作定语）They visited _ home.A.each other B.each others C.each others2.We should help _.A.each o

44、ther B.each others C.each othersB BA A五、不定代词五、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词用法举例说明如下：代词用法举例说明如下：1some与与any的区别的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个一些，几个”作形容词时，作形容词时，后面可以接后面可以接不可数名词不可数名词+单数动词；单数动词；可数名词可数名词+复复数动词。数动词。Look!Some of the

45、 students are cleaning the library Some rice in the bag has been sold out 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，一些，任何任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词不可数名词+单数动单数动词；词；可数名词可数名词+复数动词。复数动词。If you have any questions,please ask me There isnt any orange in the bottle Have you got any tea?3）any和和some也

46、可以作代词用，表示也可以作代词用，表示“一一些些”。any多用于疑问句或否定多用于疑问句或否定 句中，句中，some多用于肯定句中。多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any If you have no money,Ill lend you some【注意】与注意】与some,any结合的词如结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和句中的用法，大致和some,

47、any的用法相同。的用法相同。含义及用法含义及用法表示肯定表示肯定表示否定表示否定用于可数名用于可数名词词a few虽少，但有几虽少，但有几个个few不多，几乎不多，几乎没有没有用于不可数用于不可数名词名词a little，虽少，但，虽少，但有一点有一点little不多，没有不多，没有什么什么2few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词：）用作形容词：Im going to buy a few apples He can speak only a little Chinese There is only a little milk in th

48、e glass He has few friends They had little money with them 2）a little和和little也可以用作副词，也可以用作副词，a little表示表示“有点，有点，稍微稍微”，little表示表示“很少很少”。Im a little hungry(修饰形容词修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little(修饰动词修饰动词sleep)Mary,go a little faster,please(修饰副词比较级修饰副词比较级)She slept very little last night 3other,the ot

49、her,another,others,the others的区别。的区别。用用 法法代名词代名词形容词形容词单数单数复数复数单数单数复数复数不定不定another另一个另一个others别人，其他别人，其他人人another(boy)另一个（男孩）另一个（男孩）other(boys)其他男孩其他男孩特定特定the other另一个另一个the others其余那些人、其余那些人、物物the other(boy)另一个男孩另一个男孩the other(boys)其余那些男孩其余那些男孩 常与常与one搭配构成搭配构成“one,the other”句句型型 He has two brothersO

50、ne is 10 years old,the other is 5 years old She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise book in the some,others”句型。句型。Some went to the cinema,others went swimming This coat is too largeShow me some others,please4every与与each的区别。的区别。each 1)可单独使用可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词可做代名词、形容词 3)着重着重“个别个别”4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人