英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气课件.ppt

1、虚拟语气条件句条件句中所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现时，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的几个句型 1、虚拟语气用于、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中 A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式过去式（be动词用were）。B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。Cwish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词动词过去分词。The p

2、icture exhibition bored me to death;I wish I had not gone to it.-“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”-“Thats all right,but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he werent so lazy.虚拟语气的几个句型主句谓语从句谓语wish现在动词的过去式（be用were）过去had+过去分词could,would+have+过去分词将来would,could,might+动词原形虚拟语气的几个

3、句型 2、would rather,would as soon,would sooner,just as soon和和would prefer所引导的从句中要求用所引导的从句中要求用过去式表示当时过去式表示当时或将来的情况或将来的情况，用，用过去完成时表示过去的情况过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这种虚拟。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。望或表示说话人婉转的责备。例如：例如：Id rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I

4、 would prefer he didnt stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。（I would as soon do it as not.The warrior would as soon die as surrender.=The warrior would rather die as surrender.那名战士宁死不屈.）虚拟语气的几个句型 注意：注意：would ratherthan 和和would rath

5、er than 后面的从句用虚拟语气。用法后面的从句用虚拟语气。用法是是than后的从句要用后的从句要用should+动词原形动词原形,从从句的句的that可省略。可省略。I would rather die than(that)he should know the secret.Hed do anything rather than(that)he should live with such a shameless woman.虚拟语气的几个句型do(than do)宁愿(而不)sb.+动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反）had+过去分词（与过去事实相反）would rather+虚拟语气的几

6、个句型 3、had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为谓语动词形式为would+动词原形动词原形，表示一，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him,but his son became an artist later.虚拟语气的几个句型 4、虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于as if/as though引导的方式状引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与动词形式与wish宾语从宾语

7、从句的形式相同句的形式相同。She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.They talked as if they had been friends for years.She looks as if she would cry.虚拟语气的几个句型 5、用在、用在suppose开头的祈使句中，从句的开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与谓语动词变化与as if和和wish后面的动词变后面的动词变化规律相同化规

8、律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或，用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是过去将来式。意思是“假如假如”，但，但suppose 是动词，不是连词。如：是动词，不是连词。如：Suppose the boss walked in，what should I do?Suppose Saddam had not been captured,what would the U.S.do?The law regards him as a criminal,_ he friend or enemy.A.be B.being C.were D.are All magnets behave the same,b

9、e they large or small.be引导的让步状语从句，但要将be提到主语之前，用倒装结构。虚拟语气的几个句型 6.whether it(he)be or意为意为“不管（不论）是不管（不论）是还是还是”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为省略结构为be itor,be heor等，必须用倒装。例等，必须用倒装。例如：如：Be he what he may,he should obey the rules.Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening,whether it

10、 be fine or raining.Home is home,be it ever so homely.(再穷也是家)All matter,whether it be gas,liquid or solid,is made up of atoms.The business of each day,be it selling goods or shipping them,went quite smoothly.虚拟语气的几个句型 7、Its(high,about)time that 句型中句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式过去式。It

11、s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.虚拟语气的几个句型 8、if it were not for与现在事实相反与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与与过去事实相反过去事实相反，两个都相当于，两个都相当于but for：If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeede

12、d.9、由连接词、由连接词in case,lest,for fear that，(in order that,so that)引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might)+动词原形动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.but for a)used when you are saying

13、that something would have happened if something or someone else had not prevented it:(要不是）要不是）But for these interruptions,the meeting would have finished earlier.The score could have been higher but for some excellent goalkeeping by Simon.I might never have got to university but for you.b)except for

14、 something or someone:(除了）除了）All was silent but for the sound of the wind in the trees.在英语中，but除了最常用的表示转折关系外还有以下几种常见用法：一、but用作连词，表示让步关系，意思是“除非，要不是”，常与that一起构成but that,相当于“if.not”。例如：I would have failed but that your helped me.二、but用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，可相当于that not.例如：Never a month passed bu

15、t she writes to her parents.三、but用于表否定词doubt,question,deny等之后，没有实在意义，只相当于关系连词that.例如：Theres no doubt but he is a thief.四、but用作介词，表示“除了”意义，相当于besides,except.例如：No one knows him but she.五、but用作副词，相当于only,常译为“只不过，仅仅”。例如：He finished his homework but ten minutes ago.六、but用作代词，表示从属关系，在否定句中常相当于who/that not

16、.例如：There is no one but likes to help him.虚拟语气的几个句型 Note:fear/be afraid/worried lest sb.do sth.表示害怕（担心）某种可能出现的情况，表示害怕（担心）某种可能出现的情况，从句中的动词应用现在虚拟式。例如：从句中的动词应用现在虚拟式。例如：She fears lest he arrive too late.We were afraid lest it be broken.虚拟语气的几个句型 10.was(were)+to have done（不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气语气

17、）was to do 打算做某事-过去式 was to have done 能够做却没做 表愿望未达成 I was to have arrived home on time,but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam.虚拟语气常用句型11.It is that sb.(should)句型一：句型一：It is 形容词形容词 that 句型二：句型二：It is a 抽象名词抽象名词 that 句型三：句型三：It is 过去分词过去分词 that 虚拟语气常用句型A、用于、用于It is+形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/名词名词+主语从句中，这类形容

18、词或分词有：主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的 complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessa

19、ry必要的 suggested建议 urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable（好一点）proposed提议 requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 probable（可能的）pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾 注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以forto do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It

20、 is essential for him to be prepared for this.虚拟语气常用句型 B.常这样用的抽象名词有：pity,shame,no wonder C.Its suggested that the school(should)organize an outing when spring comes.It is required that middle-schools students(should)take at least one-hour exercise every day.虚拟语气常用句型12.建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”

21、。A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这宾语从句中，这类动词有：类动词有：ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，

22、规定 urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令）pray请求 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)虚拟语气常用句型 NOTE:当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟

23、语气。例如：1）Her face suggested(暗示)that she was ill.So I suggested(建议)that she(should)be sent to the hospital immediately.2)He insisted that he was right.她坚持认为自己是对的。虚拟语气常用句型 B用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、

24、愿望 insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告 例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.虚拟语气常用句型 13、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构

25、，现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。形式为：现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。形式为：用过去时或用过去时或“would/could+动词原形动词原形”表示与现在或表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。未来事实相反的愿望。过去完成时过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。这类句型表示表示与过去事实相反的愿望。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成一种不真实的条件，常译成要是要是.就好了！就好了！1）If only I had taken mothers advice我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。2）If only I could speak several foreign languages我要是能讲几种外语就好了。3)

26、If only you would listen to our advice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。虚拟语气常用句型 14、在以、在以in order that，so that，引导的目的状，引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词可用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语从句中，谓语动词可用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用语动词用may（might）动词原形）动词原形或或should 动词原形动词原形。1）She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother 2）The teacher explained th

27、e sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly虚拟语气常用句型 15.Imagine 后的虚拟语气 Imagine 表示现在或将来非现实情况的意想表示现在或将来非现实情况的意想（用（用were型结构）；也可表示对过去非实型结构）；也可表示对过去非实际情况的意想（用际情况的意想（用had+过去分词结构）过去分词结构）Imagine that we were on an desolate island now.Imagine that you were laughed by t

28、hose shallow people.Imagine that he had not had taken those measures,（what would have happened?）虚拟语气真题汇总B B 1995 62.We could _ him with a detached house when he came,but he had specifically asked for a small flat.A.provide B.have provided C.not provide D.not have provided 65._,he would not have reco

29、vered so quickly.A.Hadnt he been taken good care of B.Had he not been taken good care of C.Had not he been taken good care of D.Had he been not taken good care ofC A C 43.I _ the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.1996 A.would enjoy B.will have enjoyed C.would hav

30、e enjoyed D.will be enjoying 43.He left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.1997 A.should be B.ought to be C.must be D.would be 51.I was to have made a speech if _.A.I was not called away B.nobody would have called me away C.I had not been called away D.nobody called me away

31、B B C 43.If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.1998 A.shall need B.should need C.would need D.will need 49.If you have really been studying English for so long.Its about time you _ able to write letters in English.1999 A.should be B.were C.must be D.a

32、re 49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd of people there.2000 A.werent B.hasnt been C.hadnt been D.wouldnt be B A 2002 51.“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know.But its about time _on something.”A.I d decide B.I decided C.I decide D.I

33、m deciding 50._for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam.A.Had it not been B.Hadnt it been C.Was it not D.Were it not D D A200442._,Ill marry him all the same.A.Was he rich or poor B.Whether rich or poorC.Were he rich or poor D.Be he rich or poor44._ if I had arrived yesterd

34、ay without letting you know beforehand?A.Would you be surprised B.Were you surprisedC.Had you been surprised D.Would you have been surprised46.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.A.hand in B.would hand in C.have to hand in D.handed inA B C200551.If you explained the situation

35、to your solicitor,he _ able to advise you much better than I can.A.would be B.will have been C.was D.were60.That was not the first time he _ us.I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.A.betrayedtake B.had betrayedtookC.has betrayedtook D.has betrayedtake63._ you _ further problems with

36、 your printer,contact your dealer for advice.A.If,had B.Have,had C.Should,have D.In case,hadB A 2006 52.If only I _play the guitar as well as you!A would B could C should D might 59 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stopA C 2007 54.If only the pat

37、ient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receiving 60.He would have finished his college education,but he _to quit and find a job to support his family.A.had had B.has C.had D.would haveA 2008 52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,she _ much better results now.A.would be getting B.could have gotC.must get D.would get